本文關(guān)鍵詞： 經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化 古巴 社會(huì)主義　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：地理大發(fā)現(xiàn)使資本主義擴(kuò)張并打破了世界各國相對封閉的狀態(tài),使人類社會(huì)走上了全球化之路。盡管兩次世界大戰(zhàn)和冷戰(zhàn)阻礙和延續(xù)了全球化進(jìn)程,但是“青山遮不住,畢竟東流去”,特別是進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以來,全球化以不可阻擋之勢一浪高過一浪席卷著這個(gè)世界。眾多國家也力求以更加開放的姿態(tài)參與到這一浪潮中。然而,與全球化中心大國——美國最鄰近的古巴,卻由于古美“歷史友誼”的破裂,遲遲無法融入全球化進(jìn)程而陷入艱難境遇。古巴革命勝利雖然使其擺脫了美國長期的殖民統(tǒng)治,但隨后卻進(jìn)入被封鎖階段。美國對古巴的長期封鎖成為古巴通向全球化的最大障礙,古巴無法融入全球化進(jìn)程。而出于冷戰(zhàn)的需要,蘇聯(lián)向古巴伸出了援手,蘇聯(lián)的介入加劇了古美關(guān)系惡化,也加劇了古巴全球化困境,在此困境下,古巴加入經(jīng)互會(huì),融入社會(huì)主義陣營的“半全球化”是古巴無奈而必然的選擇。冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期,古巴處于全球化邊緣,冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后,越來越盛大的全球化宴席,不但沒能給古巴一席之地,反而因此失去了蘇聯(lián)的支持,使其全球化處境雪上加霜。身處全球化宴席之外的古巴靜觀其變,對全球化進(jìn)行冷靜而深刻的思考和批判,形成了卡斯特羅關(guān)于全球化的理論�？ㄋ固亓_認(rèn)為全球化是生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展的客觀歷史進(jìn)程,但現(xiàn)實(shí)的全球化是由資本主義主導(dǎo)的,在利益的驅(qū)使下引發(fā)了經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、社會(huì)、能源、生態(tài)等一系列全球性問題。但這并不是全球化自身問題,而是全球化主導(dǎo)者的問題,反全球化也并不是反全球化本身,而是反對操縱全球化的規(guī)則,并主張全球化出路只能是社會(huì)主義代替資本主義。古巴不僅在理論上透視著當(dāng)今全球化的本質(zhì)、揭示著全球化的弊端,更為重要的是實(shí)踐中古巴不斷調(diào)整和改變?nèi)蚧瘧?yīng)對策略并采取了一系列相應(yīng)舉措加以抗?fàn)?從起初迫于無奈的“依蘇抗美”、到大規(guī)�！拜敵龈锩笔『蟮姆此寂c調(diào)整,其間雖強(qiáng)烈反擊美國制裁卻也從未放棄尋求與美國的外交對話機(jī)會(huì)。而冷戰(zhàn)后古巴進(jìn)入生存最艱難時(shí)期,為能夠繼續(xù)以獨(dú)立自主的國家形象存在于國際視野,古巴開始施行全方位務(wù)實(shí)外交,努力爭取昔日盟友支持。與此同時(shí),為順應(yīng)國際形勢,古巴將“改革開放”定為重大國策,新形勢下希望通過加快國內(nèi)整改以大力吸引外資、爭取國際社會(huì)支持,以穩(wěn)步漸進(jìn)的方式為自己開拓出一條全球化之路。奧巴馬執(zhí)政后期,雙方出于國家利益考量以及領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人個(gè)人因素影響,美古實(shí)現(xiàn)歷史性破冰,古巴破除融入全球化最大障礙,迎來全球化新境遇,注入改革發(fā)展新活力。然而奧巴馬這一政治遺產(chǎn)似乎未被其繼任川普所繼承,當(dāng)下川普的一系列對外政策調(diào)整中似乎出現(xiàn)了“逆全球化”跡象,而這勢必會(huì)影響到剛解凍的古美關(guān)系,給剛剛看到一絲曙光的古巴全球化境遇又蒙上了一層不確定陰影,古巴全球化之路依然充滿艱辛,充滿各種新挑戰(zhàn)。
[Abstract]:Geographical discovery that the expansion of capitalism and broke the world relatively closed state, the human society embarked on the road of globalization. Although the two World War and the cold war hinder and continuation of the process of globalization, but the castle not cover after all to the East, especially to enter since twenty-first Century, with the irresistible globalization the potential of a wave swept across the world. Many countries also sought a more open attitude to participate in the wave of globalization. However, with the central powers, the nearest Cuban American, but due to the rupture of the ancient beauty of "history of friendship", the delay can not be integrated into the process of globalization into a difficult situation. Although the victory of the Cuban revolution to get rid of the American colonial rule, but then he entered the blocked stage. The long-term blockade of Cuba become the biggest obstacle to Cuba to globalization, Cuba cannot Into the process of globalization. And for the needs of the cold war, the Soviet Union to Cuba helped Soviet intervention exacerbated the deterioration of relations with the U.S., Cuba has also exacerbated the globalization dilemma, in this dilemma, Cuba joined Comecon, into the socialist camp "globalization" is the helpless and inevitable choice. During the cold war, Cuba at the edge of the end of the cold war, globalization, globalization is more and more big feast, not only did not give a space for one person lost but Cuba, the Soviet Union's support, the situation of globalization. In the global banquet outside one disaster after another Cuba wait, thinking and criticism of calm and profound of globalization, Castro formed a theory of globalization Castro believes that globalization is an objective historical process of the development of productive forces, but the reality of globalization is dominated by capitalism, driven by the interests of Under the result of the economic, political, social, energy, a series of global ecological problems. But this is not globalization itself, but globalization is dominated by the issue of anti globalization is not anti globalization itself, but against manipulation of the rules of globalization, and that globalization is the only way for socialism to replace capitalism not only in Cuba. The theory on the perspective of nature of today's globalization, reveals the abuse of globalization, more important is the practice in Cuba continue to adjust and change the globalization strategy and take a series of measures to fight from the beginning of forced "according to the Soviet Union against the" reflection and adjustment of the large-scale "output revolution" after the failure of the meanwhile, although a strong counter attack U.S. sanctions but never give up seeking with the United States diplomatic dialogue opportunity. After the cold war, Cuba entered the most difficult period for survival, to continue to Independent national image in international perspective, Cuba began to implement a full range of pragmatic diplomacy, strive for the support of former allies. At the same time, in order to comply with the international situation, the "reform and opening" as a major national policy under the new situation, hopes to accelerate domestic reform to attract foreign investment, for the international community to support and develop a global the road to the steady and gradual manner for themselves. The post Obama era, both for national interest and the influence of leaders' personal factors, beauty of ancient historical ice breaking into the global biggest obstacle to Cuba, ushered in the new situation of globalization, to inject new vitality into the reform and development. However, the legacy of Obama does not seem to have taken his successor Trump institute the current inheritance, a series of foreign policy adjustment in Trump appears to be "anti globalization" signs, and this is bound to affect just thaw The relationship between Cuba and the United States has brought an uncertain shadow to the situation of Cuba's globalization which has just seen a glimmer of dawn. The path of Cuba's globalization is still full of hardships and full of new challenges.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D775.1

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 周璐瑤;卡斯特羅政府時(shí)期古美關(guān)系研究（1959-2008）[D];吉林大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號：1492384