發(fā)布時間：2018-01-23 10:38

  本文關鍵詞： 權力 利益 中央與地方關系 制度化　出處：《云南大學》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：1975年新老撾成立后至1991年的時間內,老撾中央與地方關系長期在不合理狀態(tài)下運行,中央集權與地方分權的矛盾始終沒有很好地解決。1991年8月14日,《老撾人民民主共和國憲法》的這部憲法通過,并在1991年8月15日頒布實施。初步確定中央與地方政府的地位和職能、職權、組織機構和工作原則等,經過改革,老撾中央與地方關系得到了一定程度的調整與完整,但如何從老撾本國實際出發(fā)并依循當代政治文明與行政管理的規(guī)律性要求構建與老撾現代化建設要求相適應的中央與地方關系卻依然成為老撾當前亟需解決的現實性問題。在老撾革新開放的不斷深入以及現代化建設各項事業(yè)的蓬勃開展的背景之下,深入系統(tǒng)地研究中央與地方關系,不僅具有重要的理論意義,而且具有十分緊迫的現實意義,主要表現為：(1)透過對老撾的歷史考察可以發(fā)現,中央與地方政府關系在老撾千年的歷史時期中長期糾葛不清,成為了決定歷代王朝興衰更迭的重要因素之一。如何從現代性的角度來厘清中央與地方關系,回答歷史疑問,破解歷史困局,為現代老撾構建一個合理的中央與地方關系的架構就具有重要的歷史意義(2)革新開放以后,隨著老撾經濟與社會的不斷發(fā)展,地方政府自主性不斷提升,然后受制于中央與地方關系的歷史慣性的制約,在現實利益的驅動下,中央與地方關系日趨緊張。當前為如何有效舒緩既存的“央地矛盾”,減少“耗損”,充分調動兩者在老撾現代化建設中的積極性這一問題尋求答案就凸顯了較強的現實性。(3)為了適應革新開放不斷深化的需求,在2012年2月老共六屆三中全會上,老撾中央政府在不影響自身權威、不影響中央對地方有效的政治控制的前提下,為適應經濟和社會發(fā)展的需要,試行向地方政府下放部分政治和經濟權力,頒布“三個建設”方針、政策。 總之,一個國家或王朝的盛衰興亡都直接與中央與地方有著密切聯系,當中央與地方關系比較協(xié)調時,這個社會發(fā)展就比較強盛；而當中央與地方之間相互矛盾對抗時,這個社會的發(fā)展就會受到阻礙。老撾人民民主共和國在1986年開始革新開放至今,原有的中央集權體制的一些弊端便不斷暴露出來,例如嚴重的官僚作風、辦事效率低、地方政府缺乏積極性、中央政府什么都管但管不好、責任互拖等等,這些都嚴重地阻礙了老撾經濟社會的發(fā)展。因此本文將在對馬克思主義經典作家關于社會主義國家中央與地方關系相關論述進行回顧的基礎上,對老撾中央與地方關系進行歷史沿革與現實問題進行分析,并通過對法國、英國、中國等國家中央與地方關系相關經驗總結與借鑒的基礎上,提出老撾中央與地方關系改革的目標模式與基本內容。
[Abstract]:During the period from the founding of the new Laos in 1975 to 1991, the relations between the central and local governments of Laos have been running in an unreasonable state for a long time. The contradiction between centralization and decentralization has never been well resolved. In August 14th 1991 the Constitution of the Lao people's Democratic Republic was adopted. And in August 15th 1991 promulgated the implementation of the preliminary determination of the status and functions of central and local governments, powers, organizations and working principles, and so on, after the reform. The relations between the central and local governments in Laos have been adjusted and integrated to a certain extent. However, how to construct the relationship between the central and local government, which is suitable for the modernization of Laos, based on the reality of Laos and in accordance with the regular requirements of contemporary political civilization and administration, has still become the current situation that Laos urgently needs to solve. Under the background of the deepening of Laos' innovation and opening up and the vigorous development of various undertakings of modernization construction. The deep and systematic study of the relationship between the central and local governments is not only of great theoretical significance, but also of urgent practical significance, which is mainly manifested in the historical investigation of Laos. The relationship between the central government and the local government has not been clear in the history of Laos for a long time, which has become one of the important factors that determine the rise and fall of dynasties. How to clarify the relationship between central and local from the perspective of modernity. It is of great historical significance to answer historical questions, to solve historical difficulties and to construct a reasonable framework for central and local relations in modern Laos. (2) after the reform and opening up. With the development of Lao economy and society, the autonomy of local government has been improved, and then restricted by the historical inertia of the relationship between central and local, driven by the real interests. Relations between the central and local authorities are becoming increasingly tense. At present, how to effectively relieve the existing "central and local contradictions" and reduce "wear and tear". Fully mobilize the enthusiasm of both in the Lao modernization drive to find an answer to this question highlights the strong reality.) in order to adapt to the deepening needs of innovation and opening up. In February 2012, at the third Plenary session of the sixth Central Committee of the Lao people's Republic of China, the Lao Central Government, on the premise of not affecting its own authority or the central government's effective political control over the local authorities, adapted to the needs of economic and social development. Pilot decentralization of political and economic power to local governments, promulgate "three construction" principles and policies. In short, the rise and fall of a country or dynasty are directly related to the central and local governments, when the central and local relations are more coordinated, this social development is relatively strong; The development of this society will be hampered when the central and local governments are in conflict with each other. The Lao people's Democratic Republic has been innovating and opening up since 1986. Some of the drawbacks of the old centralized system are constantly exposed, such as serious bureaucracy, low efficiency, lack of enthusiasm on the part of local governments, the central government's control of everything but not good control, and the drag of responsibilities and so on. All of these have seriously hindered the economic and social development of Laos. Therefore, this paper will review the relevant expositions of Marxist classical writers on the relationship between the central and local governments of socialist countries. On the basis of analyzing the historical evolution and practical problems of the relations between the central and local governments of Laos, and through summarizing and drawing lessons from the relevant experiences of the relations between the central and local governments in France, Britain, China and other countries. This paper puts forward the target mode and basic contents of the reform of the relations between the central and local governments in Laos.
【學位授予單位】：云南大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D035;D733.4

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本文編號：1457344