本文關鍵詞： 大隈重信 對華觀 “支那保全論” “東西文明調和論”　出處：《南開大學》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：大隈重信（1838-1922）是日本近代著名的政黨政治家、思想家、教育家，也是一個在日本社會迄今仍頗存爭議的人物。大隈的人生經(jīng)歷曲折復雜，其對外思想中的對華觀以及他在日本對華行動選擇中所起的作用，應該說是引人矚目的焦點之一。在其對外思想和對華觀方面，大隈標榜的“支那保全論”和“東西文明調和論”流傳甚廣，并且富有欺騙性；而在近代日本對華行動選擇中大隈所起的作用方面，大隈的政策主張表面上與武力征華的強硬派有所區(qū)別，但從其主政時提出“對華二十一條要求”的丑惡行徑看，可謂“圖窮匕首見”，旨在控制、統(tǒng)治乃至滅亡中國的本質沒有不同。重要的是，在近代日本的政界、民間和學界，“大隈流”的對華觀有一批忠實的聽眾和追捧者，映襯出那個時代日本對華認識主流思潮的縮影。因此，以大隈重信為典型，考察其中國觀形成演化的背景，剖析其思想結構和內(nèi)容，剝下其偽善面孔，，揭露其本質，對于深化近代日本的中國認識及其行動選擇研究，無疑具有重要學術價值和現(xiàn)實意義。 鑒于日本學界的相關評價分歧判然、我國學界的相關研究零散而不系統(tǒng)的現(xiàn)狀，本文運用辯證唯物論和歷史唯物論的理論方法，以具有代表性的原始資料為依據(jù)、相關研究文獻為參考，系統(tǒng)梳理了明治大正時期大隈重信的對華觀形成和發(fā)展軌跡，分析了其對華觀的內(nèi)容和結構，闡明了其對華觀的基本特點和實質，指出了其對華觀在近代日本思想史、近代中日關系史中的作用和影響。 本文由序章、正文和終章三部分構成。正文的四章依次闡述了大隈重信早期對華觀形成的環(huán)境和基本特征，甲午戰(zhàn)爭后至辛亥革命時期對華觀的發(fā)展，一戰(zhàn)時期對華觀的衍變，“東西文明調和論”下的對華觀等。終章從“大隈重信對華觀的主要內(nèi)容”、“大隈對華觀的基本特征”、“大隈對華觀的影響”三個方面進行了歸納性總結。 基于上述研究思路進行的實證考察，本文在國內(nèi)外學界先行研究的基礎上有所發(fā)現(xiàn)和收獲，這主要體現(xiàn)在以下四個方面。第一，首次在國內(nèi)學界系統(tǒng)地研究了大隈重信的對華觀。第二，對大隈重信“支那保全論”的提出、思想主張、演變及本質進行了深入考察，并與近衛(wèi)篤灴的“支那保全論”進行了比較分析。第三，系統(tǒng)探究了大隈重信“東西文明調和論”的產(chǎn)生背景、主要觀點、理論框架、內(nèi)在本質及在外交實踐的應用。第四，駁斥了渡邊幾治郎、木村時夫等日本學者為大隈重信內(nèi)閣強迫中國簽訂“二十一條”這一歷史事實所做的種種辯解，認為大隈重信內(nèi)閣提出的“對華二十一條要求”，雖然也有元老和民眾推動的因素，但歸根結底是有其思想基礎的，是最能反映大隈對華觀本質的行動體現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Okuma (1838-1922) is a famous political party politician, thinker, educator and a controversial figure in Japanese society. The life experience of Okuma is complicated. The concept of China in his foreign thoughts and his role in Japan's choice of action against China should be said to be one of the focuses of attention. Okuma's "** preservation theory" and "East-West Civilization Harmony Theory" are widely spread and deceptive; On the other hand, in modern Japan's choice of action against China, the policy of Okuma is different from that of the hardliners who invaded China by force on the surface. But from the ugly behavior of putting forward "21 demands on China" when he was in power, it can be described as "trying to see a poor dagger", the essence of which is not different in order to control, rule or even destroy China. What is important is that in modern Japanese politics. Folk and academic circles, "Okuma flow" has a group of loyal listeners and admirers of Huaguan, against that era of Japanese understanding of the mainstream trend of thought in China epitomized. This paper examines the background of the formation and evolution of his view of China, analyzes its ideological structure and content, strips off its hypocritical face, exposes its essence, and studies the deepening of China's understanding and its choice of action in modern Japan. Undoubtedly, it has important academic value and practical significance. In view of the difference of relevant evaluation in Japanese academic circles and the scattered and unsystematic current situation of relevant research in Chinese academic circles, this paper uses the theoretical methods of dialectical materialism and historical materialism. Based on the representative original data and relevant research documents, this paper systematically combs the formation and development track of Okuma Shunxin's concept of Hua in the Meiji period, and analyzes its content and structure. This paper expounds the basic characteristics and essence of his view on Chinese, and points out its function and influence in the history of modern Japanese thought and the history of Sino-Japanese relations. This paper consists of three parts: preface, text and final chapter. The four chapters of the text explain in turn the environment and basic characteristics of the formation of the concept of Hua in the early days of Okuma, and the development of the concept of Hua from the Jiawu War to the Revolution of 1911. During the first World War, the evolution of the concept of Chinese, "the East and West Civilization Harmonization Theory", etc. The final chapter from "the main content of Okuma to the concept of Hua," "the basic characteristics of Okuma's view of China." The influence of Okuma on Huaguan is summarized in three aspects. Based on the above research ideas of empirical investigation, this paper in the domestic and foreign academic research on the basis of some findings and gains, which is mainly reflected in the following four aspects. First. For the first time in the domestic academic circles, the author systematically studied Okuma's view of Hua. Secondly, the author made a thorough study of Okuma's "preservation theory of **", thought, evolution and essence. And compared with the preservation theory of ** by the close Wei Tui. Third, it systematically explores the background, the main point of view, and the theoretical framework of Okuma's "East and West Civilization Harmonization Theory". Internal essence and its application in diplomatic practice. 4th refutes all kinds of justifications made by Japanese scholars such as Ijiro Watanabe and Shifu Kimura for the historical fact that Okuma's cabinet forced China to sign "21 articles". It is believed that the "21 demands on China" put forward by Okuma's cabinet have their ideological basis and reflect the essence of Okuma's view of Hua in the final analysis, although there are also factors for the elders and the masses to promote them.
【學位授予單位】：南開大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D731.3;K313

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