國(guó)際關(guān)系中的新馬克思主義思潮
本文關(guān)鍵詞：國(guó)際關(guān)系中的新馬克思主義思潮，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。
國(guó)際關(guān)系中的新馬克思主義思潮
國(guó)際關(guān)系中的新馬克思主義思潮
新馬克思主義的產(chǎn)生最早可以追溯到20世紀(jì)20年代,是不斷地對(duì)西方社會(huì)革命失敗、資本主義社會(huì)弊端顯現(xiàn)、社會(huì)主義社會(huì)曲折前進(jìn)以及國(guó)際格局變遷進(jìn)行深度反思的結(jié)果。20世紀(jì)70年代后,新馬克思主義迅速崛起為西方國(guó)際關(guān)系理論中的一個(gè)重要流派。它借用馬克思主義的某些思想和策略,對(duì)國(guó)際社會(huì)中的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、生態(tài)環(huán)境等不足進(jìn)行了多角度的深入研究,試圖探尋一條適合全球化背景的、朝著更加公平、合理的方向前進(jìn)的人類(lèi)解放道路。新馬克思主義因其理論內(nèi)容的批判性、創(chuàng)新性產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響力,與新自由主義、新保守主義一起,成為目前西方國(guó)際關(guān)系理論中的三大主要流派之一,在國(guó)際社會(huì)中具有重要影響。目前西方和我國(guó)學(xué)術(shù)界均十分關(guān)注對(duì)新馬克思主義的研究,雖然在某些方面對(duì)新馬克思主義的認(rèn)識(shí)不盡一致,但都肯定了新馬克思主義的巨大理論價(jià)值和現(xiàn)實(shí)意 義,認(rèn)為他們?yōu)槲磥?lái)國(guó)際社會(huì)的發(fā)展道路做出了種種新的探索,開(kāi)辟了一個(gè)新的研究視閾,提出了許多發(fā)人深省的理論觀點(diǎn)。我們對(duì)國(guó)際關(guān)系中的新馬克思主義進(jìn)行深入研究,對(duì)于認(rèn)識(shí)當(dāng)代國(guó)際社會(huì)中存在的不足及國(guó)際關(guān)系的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,既具有重要理論價(jià)值,也具有較大實(shí)踐意 義。本文共分為五大部分。第一部分是對(duì)新馬克思主義的基本情況進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要梳理。在對(duì)其概念進(jìn)行淺析淺析后,本文指出產(chǎn)生于20世紀(jì)20年代的新馬克思主義并非偶然現(xiàn)象,而有其深刻的歷史背景。新馬克思主義走過(guò)了曲折的發(fā)展歷程,經(jīng)歷了初創(chuàng)、形成、興盛和多碩博在線論文網(wǎng)化發(fā)展的四個(gè)時(shí)期;同時(shí)對(duì)當(dāng)代新馬克思主義最具代表性的后現(xiàn)代主義的新馬克思主義、生態(tài)社會(huì)主義、歐美的文化新馬克思主義和新發(fā)展主義四大學(xué)派,進(jìn)行了闡釋,論述了不同學(xué)派的思想內(nèi)涵,說(shuō)明了各種學(xué)派所呈現(xiàn)的研究方向和理論觀點(diǎn)既有相融之處,又存在著差異性;最后通過(guò)展現(xiàn)其批判性、創(chuàng)新性和學(xué)院化三種理論特質(zhì),進(jìn)一步淺析淺析了新馬克思主義與其它相關(guān)思潮的關(guān)系。第二部分闡述了新馬克思主義通過(guò)對(duì)全球化、生態(tài)危機(jī)、異化消費(fèi)、文化批判及資本主義、社會(huì)主義不足的認(rèn)識(shí)這五大部分來(lái)充分展現(xiàn)新馬克思主義國(guó)際關(guān)系理論思潮的主要觀點(diǎn),淺析淺析了新馬克思主義對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)世界弊病的批判性認(rèn)識(shí)。第三部分主要是論述了新馬克思主義基于對(duì)當(dāng)今世界的認(rèn)識(shí)而相應(yīng)性提出的克服當(dāng)今世界不足的五大主張。首先針對(duì)全球化不足,提出了淺析淺析全球化實(shí)質(zhì),進(jìn)行全球廣泛合作的主張;其次針對(duì)生態(tài)危機(jī)不足,提出了共同應(yīng)對(duì)生態(tài)危機(jī),建立綠色社會(huì)的主張;再次針對(duì)異化消費(fèi)不足,提出了關(guān)注社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,進(jìn)行理性消費(fèi)的主張:再者針對(duì)文化批判不足,提出了尊重文化多碩博在線論文網(wǎng)化,加強(qiáng)文化溝通的主張;最后針對(duì)資本主義、社會(huì)主義的不足,提出了變革資本主義現(xiàn)有制度,主張社會(huì)主義全新發(fā)展的看法。第四部分闡述了新馬克思主義對(duì)重建未來(lái)世界秩序的構(gòu)想。首先論述了新馬克思主義對(duì)重建未來(lái)世界秩序必要性的認(rèn)識(shí),指出隨著全球化的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展加之世界秩序本身的變化,重建之路勢(shì)在必行;其次著重闡述了對(duì)重構(gòu)未來(lái)世界秩序的基本構(gòu)想,著重以沃勒斯坦現(xiàn)代世界體系理論為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行淺析淺析論證:最后從有益于改善發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家與發(fā)展中國(guó)家的關(guān)系和有助于調(diào)整社會(huì)主義國(guó)家與資本主義國(guó)家的關(guān)系兩方面來(lái)淺析淺析論證新馬克思主義重建未來(lái)世界秩序的意 義。第五部分主要是展開(kāi)對(duì)新馬克思主義國(guó)際關(guān)系思潮的評(píng)價(jià)。首先指出了新馬克思主義國(guó)際關(guān)系思潮的主要貢獻(xiàn):推動(dòng)了國(guó)際關(guān)系理論的發(fā)展,推動(dòng)了國(guó)際關(guān)系優(yōu)化的進(jìn)程。然后對(duì)其缺陷進(jìn)行理性淺析淺析,指出新馬克思主義的理論批判不夠徹底并且存在一定空想成分。最后得出結(jié)論,指出對(duì)待新馬克思主義的正確態(tài)度。
【Abstract】 The foundation of Neo-Marxism first appeared in 1920th,which is the result of deep thoughts after the failure of the socialist revolution,short comings of capitalism,the twisty improvement of socialist society and the changes of world setup.After 1970s,Neo-Marxism quickly became one important thoughts in theories about western countries international relations.Using some thoughts and methods of Marxism,it researches deeply from different aspects of political,economical,cultural and ecological issues in international society,trying to seek a human being’s revolution way that suits the global background and heading to more rational and fair direction.Neo-Marxism generated huge influence for its being critical and creative.Together with Neo-liberalism and Neo-conservatism,it is one of the top three schools of thoughts of Western International Relation Theory,which has big impact in international society.Presently,in the academe in both China and west,the research on Neo- Marxism is a very much concerned issue,although the explanation varies in certain aspects.Both give affirmation to its significant value theoretically and realistically,believing that its theories have explored new roads for the development of future international society,opened a new research field and brought up many inspiring opinions.Deeply research on Neo-Marxism in international relations is of great value theoretically and realistically in understanding the problems existed in modern international society and the harmonious development of international relations.This dissertation consists of five parts.PartⅠis a brief review of Neo-Marxism.By analyzing its definition,it is pointed out that the appearance of Neo-Marxism in 1920s was not a coincidence but of deep relation with the historical background.The development of Neo-Marxism experienced a twisty road,including four stages:foundation,formation,boom and diversified development.In the mean time,the typical schools of theories that affect modern Neo-Marxism such as post-modernist Neo-Marxism,Eeosocialism,cultural Neo-Marxism in Europe and America and New Development Theory are also discussed in aspects of the inner meaning,research areas,common grounds and differences of them.In the end,by showing the special theoretical characteristics of critical,creative and institutional,we deeply analyzed the relation between Neo-Marxism and other schools of theories.PartⅡexplains the understanding of Neo-Marxism on global issues,ecological crisis issues, Alienated Consumption issues,cultural critique issues,capitalism and socialism issues.From the above five parts,the main opinions of Neo-Marxism international relation theory trend and its critical understanding to the malady of modern world are discussed.PartⅢmainly discusses the five propositions of Neo-Marxism about how to solve the problems of the world nowadays based on its understanding of modern world.Firstly,aiming at the globalism issue,it brought up the proposition of how to analyse the essence of globalism and enhance cooperation worldwide.Secondly,aiming at the ecological crisis,it claims that the whole world should face this crisis together and establish a green society.Thirdly,aiming at alienated consumption,it claims that the development of social economy should be concerned and consume rationally should be promoted.Fourthly,aiming at cultural critique,it claims that we should respect the diversion of cultures and strengthen culture communication.Lastly,aiming at capitalism and socialism,it claims that the present capitalism system should be reformed and socialism should have a complete new development.PartⅣdiscusses the conceive of Neo-Marxism of reconstruct the new order of the future world.Firstly,what is discussed is Neo-Marxism’ understanding of the importance of reconstructing the future world order and pointed out the necessity of reconstruction accompanying the development of globalism and changes of world order itself.Secondly,this dissertation mainly explains the basic conceive of reconstructing the future world order, emphasizing on the analysis and research on Wallerstein’s Theory of world system.Lastly,the significance of Neo-Marxism’s reconstruction of future world order from aspects of this new order would be helpful for improving relations between developed and developing countries and adjusting the relations between socialist countries and capitalist countries.PartⅤis about evaluation of Neo-Marxism international relations.Firstly we discussed the main contribution of Neo-Marxism international relation thoughts.It improves the development of international theories,promoted the optimization process of international relations.Afterwards, a rational analysis of its short comings is done.We believe that the critique of Neo-Marxism is not complete enough and of a bit utopian socialism.In the end,a conclusion is made that what should be the correct attitude to Neo-Marxism.
【關(guān)鍵詞】 國(guó)際關(guān)系； 新馬克思主義； 現(xiàn)實(shí)世界弊��； 未來(lái)世界秩序構(gòu)建；【Key words】 international relation； Neo-Marxism； malady of modern world； construction of future world order；
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本文關(guān)鍵詞：國(guó)際關(guān)系中的新馬克思主義思潮，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。
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