二戰(zhàn)后,經(jīng)濟(jì)援助一直是大國外交的主要工具之一。它的目標(biāo)是在經(jīng)濟(jì)上幫助捐助國爭取更多的盟友,在（接受國的）人民中培養(yǎng)善意,最終維護(hù)捐助國的國家利益。美國和中國這兩個大國向亞洲和非洲的較不發(fā)達(dá)國家提供了數(shù)十億美元的經(jīng)濟(jì)援助。在過去十幾年中,巴基斯坦也從中美兩國得到援助。經(jīng)濟(jì)援助在后9·11時代引人注目。巴基斯坦與美國、中國保持著密切的關(guān)系,也得到了兩國的經(jīng)濟(jì)援助。在2001-2011年期間,美國對巴基斯坦的經(jīng)濟(jì)援助達(dá)到近80億美元,中國的援助為39億美元,約為美國的一半。對于華盛頓而言,援助巴基斯坦的明確目標(biāo)正如美駐伊斯蘭堡大使南�！U威爾所說:“幫助巴基斯坦加強(qiáng)經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會、政治和民主發(fā)展”,以及促進(jìn)兩國人民之間“更好的相互理解”。但是在實(shí)踐中,美國并沒有很好達(dá)到在巴基斯坦人民中樹立良好形象的目標(biāo)。另一方面,即使中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)援助相對于美國而言較少,但它在巴基斯坦群眾中的形象卻更好。美國著名智庫皮尤研究中心在整個巴基斯坦進(jìn)行了廣泛的調(diào)查,以衡量2005年起巴基斯坦人民對美國和中國的公眾輿論。民意調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,巴基斯坦公眾對于美國的偏好評級較低,而中國的表現(xiàn)要好得多。援助數(shù)量與公眾輿論之間的這種... 

【文章來源】：吉林大學(xué)吉林省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁數(shù)】：164 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
中文摘要
Abstract
Lists of Abbreviations
Chapter 1: Introduction
    1.1 The Puzzle and Research Question
    1.2 Literature Review
    1.3 Case Selection
    1.4 Hypotheis
    1.5 Theory
    1.6 Methodology and Methods
    1.7 Research Significance
    1.8 Structure of Thesis
Chapter 2: Theoretical Approach:Constructivism
    2.1 Constructivism as A Theoretical Approach
    2.2 Dominance of IR by Rationalists
    2.3 The Challenge of Critical Theory
    2.4 Constructivism: the Middle Ground Between Rationalists and Post Structuralists
    2.5 Three Main Schools of Constructivism
        2.5.1 Wendt’s Constructivism
        2.5.2 Kratochwil’s Constructivism
        2.5.3 Onuf’s Constructivism
    2.6 Key Principles of Constructivism
        2.6.1 The Social Construction of Reality
        2.6.2 An Alternative to Materialism
        2.6.3 Ideational Structures are as Important as Material Structures
        2.6.4 Mutual Constitution of Agents and Structure
        2.6.5 The Process of Cognitive Evolution
        2.6.6 Multiple Interpretations of Anarchy
    Conclusion
Chapter 3: The Setting of Pakistan-US and Pakistan-China Relations （1947-2000）
    3.1 Pakistan-U.S. Ties
        3.1.1 The Beginning
        3.1.2 Military Alliances
        3.1.3 The Downturn, 1962-79
        3.1.4 The 1960s South Asian Wars and the Widening Gap between US and Pakistan
        3.1.5 Ups and Downs of 1970s
        3.1.6 Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan and Revival of US-Pakistan Alliance
        3.1.7 The Post-Cold War Crisis in Relations
    3.2 Pakistan-Relations
        3.2.1 The Initial Phase, 1947-1960
        3.2.2 Towards An Alignment, 1960s
        3.2.3 Deepening Ties During 1970s and 80s
        3.2.4 China’s Diplomatic Support to Pakistan in 1990s
    Conclusion
Chapter 4: U.S. and Chinese Economic Assistance to, and Public Opinion in, Pakistan, 2001-11
    4.1 Foreign Aid and Public Opinion
    4.2 Pakistan-U.S. Ties, 2001-11
        4.2.1 9/11 Attacks and New Beginning in Pakistan-US Relations
        4.2.2 Economic Assistance
    4.3 Pakistan-China Relations 2001-11
        4.3.1 China’s Economic Assistance to Pakistan, 2001-11
    4.4 Comparing the Public Opinion about the U.S. and China in Pakistan, 2001-11
        4.4.1 Pew Research Surveys in Pakistan, 2005-2011
    4.5 Drawing the Anomaly of （U.S. and Chinese） Economic Aid and Pakistan’s) Public Opinion
    Conclusion
Chapter 5: Deciphering the Paradox of Aid and Public Opinion; the Argument of Aid Contextualisation and its Clash with Public Perceptions in Pakistan
    5.1 Drawing an Intersubjective Interpretation of the Puzzle
    5.2 Understanding the Context of Economic Aid
        5.2.1 U.S. Aid Motivated by 9/11 Attacks and Resulting ‘War on Terror’
        5.2.2 Chinese Aid Came Without Any Strategic Contingency
    5.3 Public Perceptions of the Context of Aid
        5.3.1 Impression of the War on Terror in Pakistan （Context of U.S. Aid）
        5.3.2 Perceptions About Relationship with China （The Context of Chinese Aid）
    5.4 The Interplay of Material Relationship （Economic Aid） and Intersubjective Elements （Identity and Perceptions of Aid Context） in Shaping Public Opinion
Conclusion
Bibliography
Acknowledgements



本文編號：2935204