司法鑒定公信力研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-07-09 20:45
【摘要】： 司法鑒定是指在訴訟活動(dòng)中，鑒定人運(yùn)用科學(xué)技術(shù)或者專門知識(shí)，對(duì)訴訟中涉及的專門性問題進(jìn)行鑒別和判斷，并提供鑒定意見的活動(dòng)。鑒定意見(我國三大訴訟法均稱鑒定結(jié)論)屬于我國訴訟法律規(guī)定的七種法定證據(jù)之一，不僅本身具有證據(jù)功能，而且有印證、判定其他證據(jù)的獨(dú)特功能，對(duì)于查明案件事實(shí)，正確適用法律，保障訴訟活動(dòng)依法、順利進(jìn)行，具有獨(dú)特的重要作用，因而在司法活動(dòng)中，司法鑒定結(jié)論往往被稱為“證據(jù)之王”，司法鑒定人被稱為“科學(xué)的法官”。 但是，長期以來我國司法鑒定體制存在法律規(guī)范不足、管理體制混亂、技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不統(tǒng)一、監(jiān)督管理缺失、法律責(zé)任不清等諸多制度弊端，損害了司法鑒定的科學(xué)性、客觀性和權(quán)威性，引起社會(huì)公眾對(duì)司法鑒定工作的質(zhì)疑，降低了司法鑒定的社會(huì)公信力，，并進(jìn)而影響了訴訟活動(dòng)的順利進(jìn)行，影響了司法鑒定服務(wù)于訴訟、促進(jìn)司法公正目的的實(shí)現(xiàn)。 為了根除司法鑒定的體制弊端，真正發(fā)揮司法鑒定特有的證據(jù)價(jià)值，從上個(gè)世紀(jì)末開始，我國司法鑒定體制進(jìn)入了緩慢的改革歷程。2004年底，中央轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)了《關(guān)于司法體制和工作機(jī)制改革的初步意見》，從政策層面上確定了司法鑒定管理體制改革的方向和目標(biāo)要求；2005年2月，全國人大常委會(huì)審議通過了《關(guān)于司法鑒定管理問題的決定》，首次以法律性文件的形式確立了司法鑒定統(tǒng)一管理的基本框架，從而成為我國第一部關(guān)于司法鑒定工作的重要法律規(guī)范。但是，縱觀一年來司法鑒定管理體制的運(yùn)行情況，我國司法鑒定領(lǐng)域長期存在的諸多弊端并未得到根本改變，司法鑒定公信力不高仍然是困擾整個(gè)司法鑒定工作的核心問題。因此，研究和解決影響司法鑒定公信力的制度弊端，尋求提升司法鑒定鑒定公信力的有效方法，在當(dāng)前仍然具有十分重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 提升司法鑒定公信力，是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)工程，事關(guān)司法鑒定事業(yè)的長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展。結(jié)合我國司法實(shí)踐及科技發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀，筆者認(rèn)為，改革我國司法鑒定體制，提升司法鑒定公信力，應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循的總體原則是：既要與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，也要立足國情；既要顧及中國法制建設(shè)的現(xiàn)實(shí)，更要充分體現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代司法理念的精神。首先，在具體制度設(shè)計(jì)上，要充分體現(xiàn)當(dāng)事人平等、程序公正、證據(jù)裁判等現(xiàn)代司法理念，實(shí)現(xiàn)司法鑒定統(tǒng)一管理的改革目標(biāo)；其次，要合理借鑒國外司法鑒定制度的合理 成分，建立能夠保證司法鑒定公信力的一系列具體制度，如：鑒定名冊(cè)制度、鑒定人負(fù)責(zé)制度、鑒定人回避制度、鑒定中立制度，等等；第三，要通過規(guī)范鑒定結(jié)論的格式和內(nèi)容、完善鑒定結(jié)論的法庭質(zhì)證程序、建立健全鑒定人出庭作證制度等具體措施，建立鑒定結(jié)論在法庭上接受質(zhì)證的制度和規(guī)則；第四，要建立和完善司法鑒定公信評(píng)價(jià)機(jī)制和失信懲戒機(jī)制，以有效的監(jiān)督，保證司法鑒定執(zhí)業(yè)行為的合法性，維護(hù)司法鑒定的權(quán)威性和公正性。
[Abstract]:The judicial appraisal refers to the activity of identifying and judging the special problems involved in the lawsuit in the course of litigation, using science and technology or know-how, and providing the activity of the appraisal opinions. The appraisal opinion (the three procedural law of our country) is one of the seven legal evidence stipulated in the law of our country's lawsuit, not only has the function of proof in itself, but also has the unique function of confirming and judging the other evidence, and for the purpose of ascertaining the facts of the case and the right applicable law, The judicial appraisal conclusion is often referred to as the "the king of evidence" and the appraiser is called the "a scientific judge". However, for a long time, the judicial authentication system of our country has the defects of the deficiency of the legal norms, the confusion of the management system, the non-uniformity of the technical standards, the lack of supervision and administration, the unclear legal responsibility and the like, and the science of the judicial authentication is damaged. Sex, objectivity and authority cause the public to challenge the work of the judicial appraisal, reduce the social credibility of the judicial authentication, and further influence the smooth progress of the litigation activities, and influence the judicial authentication service in the litigation and promotion. The purpose of judicial justice is to realize the purpose of judicial justice. In order to eradicate the institutional defects of the judicial authentication, the special evidence value of the judicial authentication is really played, and from the end of the last century, the judicial authentication system of our country has entered a slow course of reform. At the end of 2004, the center has forwarded the < In February 2005, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress passed the Decision on the Management of Judicial Expertise. The form of the unified management of the judicial authentication is established in the form of me The first part of the country is the important legal norm about the work of the judicial appraisal. However, in the past year, the operation of the judicial appraisal management system has not changed fundamentally, and the credibility of the judicial appraisal is not High still is the core of the whole forensic work. Therefore, research and solve the system defect that affects the credibility of the judicial authentication, and seek to improve the credibility of the authentication of the forensic appraisal. Methods: It still has very important practical significance. The credibility of the system is a complex system engineering, which is about the long-term development of the judicial authentication. In the light of the present situation of the judicial practice and the development of science and technology in China, the author holds that the general principles that should be followed in reforming our country's judicial expertise system and improving the credibility of the judicial authentication It is: to keep pace with the times, and to be based on the national conditions; To take into account the reality of the construction of China's legal system, it is necessary to fully reflect the spirit of the modern judicial idea. First, in the design of the specific system, the modern judicial ideas such as the equality of the parties, the procedure justice and the evidence judgment should be fully reflected, and the judicial evaluation should be realized. to be unified The aim of the reform is to establish a series of specific systems that can guarantee the credibility of the judicial authentication, such as the system of the identification of the roster, the responsibility of the experts, the system of the identification of the people, and the identification of the system. Third, it is necessary to establish and perfect the system and rules of the appraisal conclusion in the court by establishing the format and content of the appraisal conclusion, perfecting the court quality certificate procedure of the appraisal conclusion, and establishing and perfecting the court system and other concrete measures to establish the appraisal conclusion in the court; and fourthly, establishing and perfecting the system. The evaluation mechanism of the judicial authentication and the punishment of the failure of the lette
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號(hào)】：D918.9
本文編號(hào)：2512438
[Abstract]:The judicial appraisal refers to the activity of identifying and judging the special problems involved in the lawsuit in the course of litigation, using science and technology or know-how, and providing the activity of the appraisal opinions. The appraisal opinion (the three procedural law of our country) is one of the seven legal evidence stipulated in the law of our country's lawsuit, not only has the function of proof in itself, but also has the unique function of confirming and judging the other evidence, and for the purpose of ascertaining the facts of the case and the right applicable law, The judicial appraisal conclusion is often referred to as the "the king of evidence" and the appraiser is called the "a scientific judge". However, for a long time, the judicial authentication system of our country has the defects of the deficiency of the legal norms, the confusion of the management system, the non-uniformity of the technical standards, the lack of supervision and administration, the unclear legal responsibility and the like, and the science of the judicial authentication is damaged. Sex, objectivity and authority cause the public to challenge the work of the judicial appraisal, reduce the social credibility of the judicial authentication, and further influence the smooth progress of the litigation activities, and influence the judicial authentication service in the litigation and promotion. The purpose of judicial justice is to realize the purpose of judicial justice. In order to eradicate the institutional defects of the judicial authentication, the special evidence value of the judicial authentication is really played, and from the end of the last century, the judicial authentication system of our country has entered a slow course of reform. At the end of 2004, the center has forwarded the < In February 2005, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress passed the Decision on the Management of Judicial Expertise. The form of the unified management of the judicial authentication is established in the form of me The first part of the country is the important legal norm about the work of the judicial appraisal. However, in the past year, the operation of the judicial appraisal management system has not changed fundamentally, and the credibility of the judicial appraisal is not High still is the core of the whole forensic work. Therefore, research and solve the system defect that affects the credibility of the judicial authentication, and seek to improve the credibility of the authentication of the forensic appraisal. Methods: It still has very important practical significance. The credibility of the system is a complex system engineering, which is about the long-term development of the judicial authentication. In the light of the present situation of the judicial practice and the development of science and technology in China, the author holds that the general principles that should be followed in reforming our country's judicial expertise system and improving the credibility of the judicial authentication It is: to keep pace with the times, and to be based on the national conditions; To take into account the reality of the construction of China's legal system, it is necessary to fully reflect the spirit of the modern judicial idea. First, in the design of the specific system, the modern judicial ideas such as the equality of the parties, the procedure justice and the evidence judgment should be fully reflected, and the judicial evaluation should be realized. to be unified The aim of the reform is to establish a series of specific systems that can guarantee the credibility of the judicial authentication, such as the system of the identification of the roster, the responsibility of the experts, the system of the identification of the people, and the identification of the system. Third, it is necessary to establish and perfect the system and rules of the appraisal conclusion in the court by establishing the format and content of the appraisal conclusion, perfecting the court quality certificate procedure of the appraisal conclusion, and establishing and perfecting the court system and other concrete measures to establish the appraisal conclusion in the court; and fourthly, establishing and perfecting the system. The evaluation mechanism of the judicial authentication and the punishment of the failure of the lette
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號(hào)】：D918.9
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相關(guān)期刊論文 前6條
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本文編號(hào)：2512438
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