【摘要】：暴力犯罪是指為獲取某種利益或滿足某種欲求而對他人人身采取的暴力侵害行為。盡管暴力犯罪發(fā)案率較小,但其社會(huì)危害性遠(yuǎn)大于其它犯罪,對該類犯罪的打擊和防范也是公安工作的重點(diǎn)。對于罪犯形成的原因一直是該領(lǐng)域重要課題。有研究表明DRD4是哺乳動(dòng)物大腦內(nèi)的重要多巴胺受體之一,對多種生理功能均有調(diào)控作用,其涉及的重大疾病主要包括精神分裂癥、帕金森病等。近年來對多巴胺(DA)與成癮物質(zhì)、精神應(yīng)激關(guān)系的認(rèn)識(shí)更極大地促發(fā)了人們對DA與暴力行為相關(guān)性的研究。而且有研究證明DRD4基因VNTR的多態(tài)性與情感障礙有關(guān)。而且研究證明該基因的長VNTR (L)型與DRD4受體活性有關(guān)。 為研究重慶地區(qū)暴力罪犯該基因型的分布,與心理及環(huán)境間的關(guān)聯(lián),進(jìn)一步揭示犯罪行為學(xué)的遺傳學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。本項(xiàng)目以DRD4基因VNTR的多態(tài)性為指標(biāo),比較對照組622人(正常無血緣關(guān)系人群)與實(shí)驗(yàn)組621人(具有暴力犯罪傾向人群)在DRD4基因外顯子ⅢVNTR (48bp)的基因型和等位基因頻率分布。應(yīng)用艾森克心理問卷評測了神經(jīng)和精神因素,應(yīng)用粗糙集數(shù)據(jù)挖掘的方法分析了家庭環(huán)境、心理和DRD4基因多態(tài)性與暴力犯罪的關(guān)聯(lián)。結(jié)果顯示： 1、在本研究中DRD4以等位基因4最多,2次之,檢出最大等位基因?yàn)?,未有8以上重復(fù)序列檢出；對DRD4檢測到的等位基因按照短(S)、長(L)重復(fù)序列進(jìn)行分類統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,結(jié)果DRD4重復(fù)次數(shù)在兩個(gè)年齡段的罪犯與正常人群均無顯著差異,但長等位基因(L)在犯罪人群中的分布頻率較正常人群的比例大。 2、背景調(diào)查顯示文盲或小學(xué)文化程度、家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況不佳的未成年人犯盜竊、搶劫等財(cái)產(chǎn)性犯罪幾率高,犯罪人員均沒有接受良好的教育,文化程度低下。 3、心理調(diào)查表明神經(jīng)、精神因素與各種犯罪關(guān)系密切,其中神經(jīng)質(zhì)維度極高、精神質(zhì)維度極高的犯搶劫罪、殺人罪、敲詐勒索罪、強(qiáng)奸罪或故意傷害罪等重罪可能性大。 4、DRD4基因exonⅢVNTR的多態(tài)性基因型為4/4的,生活在中等以下條件、中學(xué)以下學(xué)歷,及神經(jīng)質(zhì)和精神質(zhì)偏高的個(gè)體可能更容易出現(xiàn)暴力傾向；DRD4基因exonⅢ基因型4/4與殺人類犯罪及18-30歲搶劫類犯罪的關(guān)聯(lián)性偏高。
[Abstract]:Violent crime refers to the act of violence against others in order to obtain some benefit or satisfy some desire. Although the incidence rate of violent crime is relatively small, its social harmfulness is far greater than other crimes, and the attack and prevention of this kind of crime is also the focus of public security work. The reason for the formation of criminals has always been an important topic in this field. Some studies have shown that DRD4 is one of the important dopamine receptors in mammalian brain, which regulates many physiological functions. The major diseases involved include schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease and so on. In recent years, the understanding of the relationship between dopamine (DA) and addictive substance, mental stress has greatly promoted the study of the relationship between DA and violent behavior. Moreover, it has been proved that the polymorphism of DRD4 gene VNTR is associated with affective disorder. Moreover, it has been proved that the long VNTR (L) type of the gene is related to the activity of DRD4 receptor. In order to study the distribution of the genotype of violent criminals in Chongqing and the relationship with psychology and environment, the genetic basis of criminal behavior was further revealed. In this study, the polymorphism of DRD4 gene VNTR was used as an index. The distribution of genotype and allele frequencies in exon 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：2457047