【摘要】：目的：建立腦震蕩(Brain concussion，Bc)大鼠模型，觀察BC大鼠的認(rèn)知功能和大腦皮層、背側(cè)海馬、齒狀回和腦干網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)神經(jīng)元的組織學(xué)變化及基底前腦和腦干網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)的膽堿能神經(jīng)元的變化，探討B(tài)C大鼠的認(rèn)知障礙與相關(guān)腦區(qū)神經(jīng)元及膽堿能神經(jīng)元病理變化的關(guān)系，為臨床診斷、治療和涉及腦震蕩的法醫(yī)學(xué)鑒定提供客觀的病理學(xué)理論依據(jù)。方法：應(yīng)用自制單擺式閉合性機(jī)械打擊裝置建立腦震蕩大鼠模型；成年SD大鼠隨機(jī)分為1個(gè)對(duì)照組(n=12)和6個(gè)腦震蕩組(即傷后1、2、4、8、16、24d，n=12)；應(yīng)用Morris水迷宮(Morris Water Maze，MWM)實(shí)驗(yàn)評(píng)價(jià)大鼠的學(xué)習(xí)記憶功能；用光鏡對(duì)大鼠的上述腦區(qū)的固縮變性壞死細(xì)胞進(jìn)行觀察和計(jì)數(shù)；用免疫組化方法檢測(cè)基底前腦和腦干網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)的膽堿乙酰轉(zhuǎn)移酶(cholin acetyltransferase，ChAT)陽性細(xì)胞的表達(dá)。結(jié)果：與對(duì)照組相比，BC后1～7d進(jìn)行MWM實(shí)驗(yàn)的大鼠在前3天找到平臺(tái)的時(shí)間顯著延長(P＜0.05)，BC后8～14d、15～21d無顯著性差異。與對(duì)照組相比，BC后在大腦皮質(zhì)、背側(cè)海馬和齒狀回部位，固縮變性和不完全壞死細(xì)胞數(shù)先顯著增加(P＜0.05)，然后逐漸減少，至24d基本恢復(fù)正常；頂葉、梨狀皮質(zhì)比顳葉皮質(zhì)變性壞死細(xì)胞多，差異有高度顯著性(P＜0.01)；大腦左側(cè)比右側(cè)變性壞死細(xì)胞稍少但差異無顯著性；在BC后4d，腦橋核、斜方體核平面的腦干網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)中固縮變性和不完全壞死細(xì)胞數(shù)明顯增多(P＜0.05)，其它組間無顯著性差異。基底前腦ChAT陽性細(xì)胞數(shù)及其活性表達(dá)在BC后明顯減少，，然后逐漸增加至24d基本正常(傷后1、2、4、8、16d與對(duì)照組比較P＜0.05)；腦干網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)ChAT陽性細(xì)胞活性表達(dá)傷后1d一過性上升，第2d略下降，然后逐漸上升，24d達(dá)頂峰(傷后8、16、24d與對(duì)照組比較P＜0.05)。結(jié)論：1、單擺式閉合性機(jī)械打擊裝置能成功建立腦震蕩大鼠模型；2、腦震蕩大鼠在MWM實(shí)驗(yàn)中出現(xiàn)早期空間認(rèn)知行為障礙；3、腦震蕩大鼠大腦皮質(zhì)、背側(cè)海馬、齒狀回和腦干網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)程度不等的部分神經(jīng)元固縮變性和不完全性壞死；4、腦震蕩大鼠基底前腦、腦干網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)ChAT活性表達(dá)有明顯變化；5、腦震蕩大鼠認(rèn)知障礙與相關(guān)腦區(qū)神經(jīng)元、膽堿能神經(jīng)元的變化有關(guān)聯(lián)。
[Abstract]:Objective: to establish a rat model of concussion (Brain concussion,Bc) and observe the cognitive function, cerebral cortex and dorsal hippocampus of BC rats. The histological changes of dentate gyrus and brainstem reticular structure neurons and the changes of cholinergic neurons in basal forebrain and brainstem reticular structure were studied to investigate the relationship between cognitive impairment and the pathological changes of neurons and cholinergic neurons in related brain regions in BC rats. To provide an objective theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis, treatment and forensic identification of concussion. Methods: the rat model of cerebral concussion was established by using a self-made closed mechanical percussion device, and adult SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n = 12) and brain shock group (n = 6) (1,2,4,8,16,24 days after injury, n = 12), and the rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n = 12) and brain shock group (n = 6). The learning and memory function of the rats was evaluated by Morris water maze (Morris Water Maze,MWM, and the pyknotic necrotic cells in the above brain regions were observed and counted by light microscope. The expression of choline acetyltransferase (cholin acetyltransferase,ChAT) positive cells in the reticular structure of basal forebrain and brainstem was detected by immunohistochemical method. Results: compared with the control group, the time of finding the platform in the first 3 days after the MWM test was significantly prolonged in the rats at the 1st day after BC (P < 0. 05), BC), and there was no significant difference on the 15th day and the 21st day after the first 3 days (P < 0. 05), BC). Compared with the control group, the number of pyknotic and incomplete necrotic cells in cerebral cortex, dorsal hippocampus and dentate gyrus increased significantly after BC, then decreased gradually, and returned to normal level at 24 days. The number of degeneration and necrosis cells in parietal lobe and piriform cortex was higher than that in temporal lobe (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference in the left side of the brain and the right side (P < 0.01). On the 4th day after BC, the number of pyknotic and incomplete necrotic cells in the reticular structures of pontine nucleus and trapezoid nucleus increased significantly (P < 0 05), but there was no significant difference among the other groups (P < 0 05). The number and activity of ChAT positive cells in basal forebrain decreased significantly after BC and then increased to normal at 24 days (1,2,4,8,16 days after injury compared with the control group). The activity of ChAT positive cells in brain stem reticular structure increased transiently on the 1st day, decreased slightly on the 2nd day, then increased gradually, and reached the peak on the 24th day (compared with the control group on the 8th, 16th, 24th day after injury). Conclusion: 1) the rat model of cerebral concussion can be successfully established by single-pendulum closed mechanical percussion device, (2) the rats with cerebral concussion have early spatial cognitive behavior disorder in the MWM experiment. (3) the cerebral cortex, dorsal hippocampus, dentate gyrus and brainstem reticular structure in concussion rats had different degrees of pyknosis and incomplete necrosis of the neurons in the cortex, dorsal hippocampus, dentate gyrus and brainstem reticular structure. (4) the activity of ChAT in basal forebrain and brainstem reticular structure of rats with concussion was significantly changed, and 5, cognitive impairment was associated with the changes of neurons and cholinergic neurons in the related brain area of rats with concussion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明醫(yī)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類號(hào)】：D919

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