當代中國戶籍制度改革問題及對策研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-07 14:35
【摘要】：當代中國戶籍制度是中國社會一項重要的制度安排，包括戶口登記即常住、暫住、出生、死亡、遷入、遷出、戶口遷移制度；戶籍變更制度；居民身份證制度。該制度首先劃分為城市戶口和農(nóng)業(yè)戶口，，然后將城市戶口又從高到低依次劃分。它是特定歷史條件下的必然產(chǎn)物，為我國國民經(jīng)濟積累，保障生產(chǎn)生活資料低廉供應，優(yōu)先發(fā)展城市等原因構(gòu)建。對維持社會秩序而言，戶籍制度通過戶口登記、立項、遷移、管理，密切掌控人員動態(tài)流動，在及時防范、打擊各種犯罪活動和災害事故等方面起到了有效的屏風正面作用。 當然，當代中國戶籍制度弊端也較為明顯，如隔離城鄉(xiāng)，使得農(nóng)村停留在相對落后封閉狀態(tài)，造成公民權(quán)現(xiàn)實不平等，限制人力資源流動和阻隔外來人口融入當?shù)厣鐣取?當代中國戶籍制度改革業(yè)已進入新的階段。改革成本主要有農(nóng)民轉(zhuǎn)為市民的國家成本和個體成本，改革收益是實現(xiàn)遷徙自由和同等國民待遇，加快城市化進程和產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整升級。改革困境主要有農(nóng)民自身困難、城市承載能力、城市避免形成貧民窟等因素。改革阻力在于城市承載能力和農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)穩(wěn)固，市民既得利益與新進外來人員利益矛盾等。改革動力是城市化水平快速提高和城市拉力作用增強，農(nóng)村推力猛增等。 當代中國戶籍制度改革應把握因地制宜、因勢利導原則。在中央統(tǒng)一部署下，各地區(qū)結(jié)合實際，在做好配套工作的前提下，穩(wěn)步推進并統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)，保障轉(zhuǎn)戶農(nóng)民的基本權(quán)利；堅持建立完善相關(guān)法律制度，按直轄市、副省級城市、地級市、縣級城市、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)進行準入制度分級建設(shè)；重點解決進城務工經(jīng)商人員，在縣級中小城市和鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)級小城鎮(zhèn)安家落戶等問題。
[Abstract]:The household registration system in contemporary China is an important institutional arrangement in Chinese society, including the system of permanent residence, temporary residence, birth, death, moving in and out, the system of household registration change, and the system of resident identity card, which includes the system of permanent residence registration, temporary residence, birth, death, moving in and out of the household registration system. The system is divided into urban hukou and agricultural hukou, and then urban hukou is divided from high to low. It is the inevitable product under the special historical conditions. It can accumulate for the national economy of our country, guarantee the cheap supply of production and living materials, and give priority to the development of cities and so on. For the maintenance of social order, the household registration system plays an effective and positive role in preventing and cracking down on all kinds of criminal activities and disaster accidents by registering, establishing items, moving, managing and closely controlling the dynamic movement of people. Of course, the drawbacks of contemporary Chinese household registration system are also more obvious, such as isolating urban and rural areas, making the countryside stay in a relatively backward closed state, resulting in inequality in the reality of citizenship, restricting the flow of human resources and preventing the integration of foreign population into the local society, and so on. The reform of the household registration system in contemporary China has entered a new stage. The reform cost mainly includes the national cost and the individual cost of the farmer to the citizen. The reform benefit is to realize the freedom of movement and equal national treatment, to speed up the urbanization process and the industrial adjustment and upgrade. The difficulties of reform mainly include farmers' own difficulties, bearing capacity of cities, avoiding the formation of slums and so on. The resistance to reform lies in the bearing capacity of the city and the stable agricultural foundation, the contradiction between the vested interests of the citizens and the interests of the new entrants and so on. The motive force of reform is the rapid improvement of urbanization level, the enhancement of urban pull force, the surge of rural thrust, and so on. The reform of household registration system in contemporary China should grasp the principle of adapting measures to local conditions and guiding according to circumstances. Under the unified deployment of the central authorities, according to the actual situation, under the premise of doing a good job of supporting the work, steadily promoting and coordinating urban and rural areas, ensuring the basic rights of farmers to transfer households; Adhere to the establishment and improvement of the relevant legal system, according to the municipality directly under the Central Government, sub-provincial cities, prefecture-level cities, county-level cities, township access system level construction; We will focus on solving the problems of settling down in small and medium-sized cities at county level and small towns at the township level by working and doing business in cities and towns at the county level.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D631.42
本文編號：2436200
[Abstract]:The household registration system in contemporary China is an important institutional arrangement in Chinese society, including the system of permanent residence, temporary residence, birth, death, moving in and out, the system of household registration change, and the system of resident identity card, which includes the system of permanent residence registration, temporary residence, birth, death, moving in and out of the household registration system. The system is divided into urban hukou and agricultural hukou, and then urban hukou is divided from high to low. It is the inevitable product under the special historical conditions. It can accumulate for the national economy of our country, guarantee the cheap supply of production and living materials, and give priority to the development of cities and so on. For the maintenance of social order, the household registration system plays an effective and positive role in preventing and cracking down on all kinds of criminal activities and disaster accidents by registering, establishing items, moving, managing and closely controlling the dynamic movement of people. Of course, the drawbacks of contemporary Chinese household registration system are also more obvious, such as isolating urban and rural areas, making the countryside stay in a relatively backward closed state, resulting in inequality in the reality of citizenship, restricting the flow of human resources and preventing the integration of foreign population into the local society, and so on. The reform of the household registration system in contemporary China has entered a new stage. The reform cost mainly includes the national cost and the individual cost of the farmer to the citizen. The reform benefit is to realize the freedom of movement and equal national treatment, to speed up the urbanization process and the industrial adjustment and upgrade. The difficulties of reform mainly include farmers' own difficulties, bearing capacity of cities, avoiding the formation of slums and so on. The resistance to reform lies in the bearing capacity of the city and the stable agricultural foundation, the contradiction between the vested interests of the citizens and the interests of the new entrants and so on. The motive force of reform is the rapid improvement of urbanization level, the enhancement of urban pull force, the surge of rural thrust, and so on. The reform of household registration system in contemporary China should grasp the principle of adapting measures to local conditions and guiding according to circumstances. Under the unified deployment of the central authorities, according to the actual situation, under the premise of doing a good job of supporting the work, steadily promoting and coordinating urban and rural areas, ensuring the basic rights of farmers to transfer households; Adhere to the establishment and improvement of the relevant legal system, according to the municipality directly under the Central Government, sub-provincial cities, prefecture-level cities, county-level cities, township access system level construction; We will focus on solving the problems of settling down in small and medium-sized cities at county level and small towns at the township level by working and doing business in cities and towns at the county level.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D631.42
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