【摘要】： 目的:觀測分析中國北方五個少數民族(蒙古族、朝鮮族、哈薩克族、維吾爾族、回族)人群面部五官的圖像信息,如面型、眉型、眉眼間距、鼻根、口型等19項指標,以便找出各民族的面部形態(tài)特征,建立相關信息庫,為法醫(yī)人類學顱骨面貌復原提供幫助。 方法:根據中國人口分布狀況及第五次人口普查數據,在人口一百萬以上民族中選取五個北方少數民族的健康成年男女各100名,按顱面鑒定之個人識別設定的技術指標要求,每人拍攝正側位真人等大照片和X片。以確定的19項指標觀測分析各民族人群的面部五官形態(tài)。選擇其中的顴部、鼻根凹陷度等五個較具有個體特征的觀察指標,觀測骨性五官與顏面五官的吻合相關性和一致性。對所取得的數據和信息進行列表統(tǒng)計,通過對比和計算,分析各民族之間及男女性別之間存在差異的規(guī)律性及在法醫(yī)人類學個體識別中的應用性。 結果:根據觀測分析,北方五個少數民族面部特征大體相同。有所區(qū)別的是:(1)在不同民族間,蒙古族男性中方形臉者較多;蒙古褶在蒙古族中出現(xiàn)率相當高;維吾爾族男女中小眉眼間距者都較其他民族多;回族男性鼻根部凹陷者比其他民族少,蒙古族和朝鮮族女性則以鼻根凹陷者居多,而回族和哈薩克族女性則以鼻根平者居多;朝鮮族男性寬嘴者較少,蒙古族、哈薩克族男性中寬嘴者要多一些,蒙古族、哈薩克族和維吾爾族女性中寬嘴者要稍多一些;蒙古族男女中凸唇者比其他民族多;朝鮮族女性下頜角外翻者居多;回族、哈薩克族男性下頜頦圓形者居多,蒙古族和維吾爾族男性下頜頦方形者居多,哈薩克族女性90%以上下頜頦為圓形;哈薩克族中不論男女其下頜頦前突的比例都較其他民族為高。(2)不同性別之間,總體來說男性的方形臉較多,女性橢圓形和圓形臉較多;女性的重瞼比例較男性為高;男性鼻根凹陷者的構成比比女性高;男性凸形鼻梁的比例要比女性高;女性鼻基上翹者比男性稍多;男性下頜角外翻的比例比女性高;男性下頜頦方形的比例比女性高。(3)顏面面特征與骨性五官特征的吻合情況來看,顴部和鼻根部全部吻合,下頜角和下頜頦絕大多數吻合,其不吻合原因主要在于個體胖瘦原因的影響 結論:北方5個少數民族男女性別間均無差異的項目有:眉形、眼裂高度、眼裂傾斜度、顴部、鼻尖、口型和唇厚。有性別差異的項目有臉型、眼瞼、鼻根凹陷度、鼻梁側觀、鼻基方向、下頜角和下頜頦,而且這些特征在5個民族間表現(xiàn)不一。顴部、鼻根凹陷度等五項指標的顏面五官與骨性五官特征的吻合度接近100%,再次證明骨性五官與顏面五官特征具有相關性和一致性,可適用于法醫(yī)人類學個體識別。
[Abstract]:Objective: to observe and analyze the facial features of five ethnic minorities (Mongolian, Korean, Kazak, Uygur and Hui) in northern China, such as facial shape, eyebrow distance, nasal root, oral type and so on. In order to find out the facial features of various ethnic groups, establish the relevant information database, for forensic anthropology craniofacial reconstruction. Methods: according to the population distribution of China and the data of the fifth census, 100 healthy adult men and women of five northern ethnic minorities were selected from the population of more than 1 million nationalities, and the technical index requirements were set according to the personal identification of craniofacial identification. Each of them took big photos and X-films. The facial features of various ethnic groups were observed and analyzed with 19 determined indicators. The zygomatic part and nasal root depression were selected to observe the correlativity and consistency of bony facial and facial features. By comparing and calculating the data and information obtained, this paper analyzes the regularity of the differences between different ethnic groups and men and women and their application in individual identification of forensic anthropology. Results: according to the observation and analysis, the facial features of the five ethnic minorities in the north were roughly the same. The differences are as follows: (1) in different ethnic groups, there are more square faces in Mongolian males; Mongolian folds appear in high rate in Mongolian nationality; Uygur men and women have more middle and small eyebrow distance than other nationalities; The number of male nose root sag of Hui nationality is less than that of other ethnic groups, while that of Mongolian and Korean women is mostly nose root depression, while that of Hui and Kazakh women is more than that of other nationalities. There are few Korean men with wide mouth, Mongolian and Kazakh men with wide mouth, Mongolian, Kazakh and Uygur women with wide mouth, Mongolian men and women with more salient lips than other nationalities. The majority of Korean women had mandibular angle valgus, the majority of Hui, Kazakh male mandibular circle, Mongolian and Uygur male mandibular square, Kazakh women more than 90% of mandibular chin round; The ratio of mandibular protrusion in Kazak is higher than that of other ethnic groups. (2) between different genders, males have more square faces, females have more oval and round faces, females have higher proportion of double eyelids than males. The proportion of male nasal root depression is higher than that of female, the proportion of male convex nose beam is higher than that of female, the proportion of female nasal base is slightly more than that of male, the proportion of male mandibular angle valgus is higher than that of female. The proportion of male mandibular square was higher than that of female. (3) according to the coincidence of facial features and bony facial features, the zygomatic region and the nasal root were all identical, and the mandibular angle and chin were mostly consistent. Conclusion: there is no difference between male and female in the five ethnic minorities in North China: eyebrow shape, height of eye fissure, slant degree of eye fissure, zygomatic part, nasal tip, mouth type and lip thickness. Gender differences included facial shape, eyelid, nasal root depression, lateral view of nasal beam, nasal base direction, mandibular angle and chin, and these characteristics were different among the five ethnic groups. The correspondence degree of facial features and bony facial features of zygomaticus, nasal root depression and other five indexes is close to 100, which proves again that bony facial features have correlation and consistency, and can be applied to individual identification of forensic anthropology.
【學位授予單位】：重慶醫(yī)科大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：D919

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前2條

1 張蕓;吐魯番地區(qū)傳統(tǒng)人文與自然鄉(xiāng)土景觀要素的分析研究[D];北京林業(yè)大學;2012年

2 張海龍;基于彈性模板的民族面部特征研究[D];東北大學;2010年

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本文編號：2365492