【摘要】：和平時(shí)期,對(duì)社會(huì)破壞最大的是犯罪,而在具體的犯罪類型中,以竊取他人財(cái)物為目的的盜竊犯罪占據(jù)著相當(dāng)大的比重。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),我國(guó)盜竊犯罪占到全部刑事犯罪的百分之七十左右。盜竊犯罪給社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定、經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展、人們生活的安定等都帶來(lái)了嚴(yán)重的影響。所以,對(duì)盜竊犯罪必須采取有效的措施,以減輕對(duì)人民和對(duì)社會(huì)造成的危害。針對(duì)盜竊犯罪,我國(guó)采取了司法預(yù)防、社會(huì)預(yù)防等犯罪預(yù)防措施,一定程度上遏制了盜竊犯罪。但隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展、人們生活領(lǐng)域的不斷擴(kuò)大,盜竊犯罪不論是在數(shù)量上還是在類型上都發(fā)生了巨大變化,其絕對(duì)數(shù)量繼續(xù)增長(zhǎng)、手段也更趨于技術(shù)化、更具隱蔽性,愈加難以防控。在重新審視當(dāng)前盜竊犯罪的預(yù)防措施后,發(fā)現(xiàn)司法預(yù)防、社會(huì)預(yù)防等傳統(tǒng)的犯罪預(yù)防措施在盜竊犯罪的預(yù)防上存在粗疏性之不足,需要探尋其它預(yù)防手段來(lái)改變傳統(tǒng)單一的犯罪預(yù)防模式。 面對(duì)日益嚴(yán)峻的盜竊犯罪形勢(shì),西方各國(guó)采取了不同的防控策略,逐步由傳統(tǒng)單一的司法預(yù)防模式轉(zhuǎn)向了司法預(yù)防、社會(huì)預(yù)防和情景預(yù)防相結(jié)合的三元預(yù)防模式。將上世紀(jì)六、七十年代興起的情景預(yù)防模式廣泛運(yùn)用到盜竊犯罪的預(yù)防上,從只關(guān)注對(duì)犯罪人的懲罰發(fā)展到關(guān)注犯罪人與關(guān)注犯罪發(fā)生情景相結(jié)合的犯罪預(yù)防模式。目前,我國(guó)采取的社會(huì)治安綜合治理也包含有情景預(yù)防的一些因素,但是,相對(duì)于以理性選擇理論、常規(guī)行為理論、環(huán)境犯罪學(xué)理論為理論基礎(chǔ)的情景預(yù)防,社會(huì)治安綜合治理在盜竊犯罪的預(yù)防上具有體系性差、針對(duì)性弱等不足,而情景預(yù)防在盜竊犯罪的預(yù)防上更具針對(duì)性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性和效率性等顯著特點(diǎn)和優(yōu)勢(shì),是其它預(yù)防措施所不能比擬的。情景預(yù)防為我國(guó)開展盜竊犯罪的預(yù)防提供了新的思路。 盜竊犯罪情景預(yù)防是在對(duì)盜竊犯罪發(fā)生的具體情景進(jìn)行分析的基礎(chǔ)上,主動(dòng)對(duì)易引發(fā)盜竊犯罪的主體要素、目標(biāo)要素和時(shí)空要素等情景要素進(jìn)行改造,以提高盜竊犯罪實(shí)施難度、增大盜竊犯罪被抓風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和減少盜竊犯罪預(yù)期收益等來(lái)影響潛在的盜竊分子,防止其產(chǎn)生犯罪意念,進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)預(yù)防盜竊犯罪發(fā)生的效果。情景預(yù)防主要是從微觀層面實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)盜竊犯罪的控制,改變了傳統(tǒng)犯罪預(yù)防只從犯罪原因一個(gè)維度提出犯罪預(yù)防措施的現(xiàn)狀,使盜竊犯罪防治體系更為完善。
[Abstract]:In peacetime, crime is the most damaging to the society, but in the specific types of crimes, the crime of theft for the purpose of stealing other people's property occupies a considerable proportion. According to statistics, the crime of theft in China accounts for about 70% of all criminal offences. The crime of theft has brought serious influence to social stability, economic development and people's life. Therefore, the crime of theft must take effective measures to reduce the harm to the people and society. In view of the crime of theft, our country has taken some preventive measures, such as judicial prevention, social prevention and so on, which to some extent contain the crime of theft. However, with the development of society and the expansion of people's life field, the crime of theft has changed greatly in both quantity and type, its absolute number continues to increase, and the means tend to be more technicalization and concealment. It is increasingly difficult to prevent and control. After re-examining the current preventive measures for theft, it is found that the traditional preventive measures, such as judicial prevention and social prevention, are inadequate in the prevention of theft. Other preventive measures need to be explored to change the traditional single crime prevention model. Facing the increasingly serious crime situation of theft, the western countries have adopted different prevention and control strategies, and gradually changed from the traditional single judicial prevention mode to the ternary prevention mode of judicial prevention, social prevention and situational prevention. The situational prevention model which rose in the sixties and seventies of last century is widely applied to the prevention of theft crime, from paying attention to the punishment of the criminal to the crime prevention model combining the concern of the offender and the scene of the crime. At present, the comprehensive management of social security in our country also contains some factors of situational prevention. However, compared with situational prevention based on rational choice theory, conventional behavior theory and environmental criminology theory, Comprehensive management of public security has some shortcomings in the prevention of theft crimes, such as poor system and weak pertinence, while situational prevention is more targeted, economic and efficient, and so on. Is not comparable to other preventive measures. Situational prevention provides a new way of thinking for the prevention of theft in our country. The crime scenario prevention of theft is based on the analysis of the specific situation of the theft crime, and the active transformation of the main elements, the target elements and the space-time elements of the theft crime, etc. In order to improve the difficulty of the crime of theft, increase the risk of being caught in the crime of theft and reduce the expected proceeds of the crime of theft and so on, it can affect the potential thieves, prevent them from producing the criminal idea, and then realize the effect of preventing the crime of theft. Situational prevention mainly realizes the control of theft crime from the micro level, which changes the present situation that traditional crime prevention only puts forward crime prevention measures from one dimension of crime reason, and makes the crime prevention and control system of theft more perfect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D917.6

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 王海濤;試論對(duì)犯罪的情境預(yù)防——犯罪控制的第三條道路[D];北京大學(xué);2005年

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本文編號(hào)：2277886