【摘要】： 遷徙自由作為一項基本人權(quán),廣為世界各國憲法、法律以及國際性人權(quán)文件所接受。隨著我國社會主義市場經(jīng)濟和人權(quán)事業(yè)的發(fā)展,在我國確立遷徙自由也成為全社會高度關注和憲法亟待解決的根本性問題,因此,本文在借鑒各國遷徙自由立法經(jīng)驗的基礎上,重點對國內(nèi)遷徙自由進行分析,以期更具現(xiàn)實意義。在我國,遷徙自由問題極為復雜,它涉及到經(jīng)濟和社會生活的各個方面,但從根本上是受到以“二元戶籍制度”為核心,包括教育、住房、勞動就業(yè)、醫(yī)療保險、社會保障等制度在內(nèi)的“二元戶籍制度體系”的牢牢束縛。鑒此,在我國實現(xiàn)遷徙自由,最核心、最關鍵的問題是剝離“二元戶籍制度”及其附著利益的限制,尋找一條切實可行的道路。 遷徙自由指憲法和法律規(guī)定的自由離開原居住地到外地旅行和定居的權(quán)利,它包括國際遷徙自由和國內(nèi)遷徙自由。在實行遷徙自由的國家,遷徙與遷徙主體—人,是密不可分的,在法律許可范圍內(nèi),只要人發(fā)生變動,就認為遷徙行為當然成立。而我國卻不然,在一開始對遷徙進行定位時,就已經(jīng)偏離了其應有的界定方向。我國認為只有戶籍登記地的變動才是遷移,而忽視了遷移的主體—人,不管人在何方,也無論多長時間,只要沒有發(fā)生戶籍登記地變動,就不承認已發(fā)生的遷移事實。由此,我國遷徙自由研究伊始,就與戶籍制度粘連在一起分不開了。實際上,遷徙自由和戶籍制度之間沒有必然聯(lián)系,遷徙自由因其獨立的權(quán)利品性而存在發(fā)展,它要受到保護的最根本原因是:遷徙自由是一項國際公認的基本人權(quán),它作為一種人身自由權(quán),是主體享受其他權(quán)利和自由的前提和基礎;另外,遷徙自由具備了作為良法應有的優(yōu)秀價值品質(zhì)—正義、秩序、效率、社會和諧等。因此,遷徙自由毋需質(zhì)疑應當受到法律保護。也可以這樣說,正因為遷徙自由順應了人類社會發(fā)展和進步的方向,才能夠成為任何力量都無法阻擋的權(quán)利,因而它也終將在我國變成現(xiàn)實權(quán)利。 遷徙自由的實現(xiàn)并不需要盲目等待經(jīng)濟發(fā)展到非常發(fā)達的程度。世界上絕大多數(shù)國家規(guī)定了遷徙自由就是很好的例證,這其中并不乏經(jīng)濟欠發(fā)達的國家,經(jīng)濟發(fā)展不平衡的國家,也不乏人口密度大的國家,他們均本著誠懇對待“人的基本權(quán)利”的態(tài)度,在商品經(jīng)濟發(fā)展伊始,就從各自的國情出發(fā),用不同方式對遷
[Abstract]:As a fundamental human right, freedom of movement is widely accepted by constitutions, laws and international human rights documents. With the development of socialist market economy and human rights in our country, the establishment of freedom of movement in our country has become a fundamental problem that the whole society pays close attention to and the constitution urgently needs to be solved. Therefore, this paper draws lessons from the legislative experience of various countries on freedom of movement. Focus on the analysis of internal freedom of movement, with a view to more practical significance. In our country, the issue of freedom of movement is extremely complex. It involves all aspects of economic and social life, but it is fundamentally governed by the "dual household registration system", which includes education, housing, employment, medical insurance, Social security and other systems, including the "dual household registration system," the firm shackles. Therefore, in order to realize the freedom of migration in China, the core and the most critical problem is to peel off the "dual household registration system" and the restrictions of its attached interests, and to find a feasible way. Freedom of movement, which includes freedom of international and internal migration, refers to the constitutional and legal freedom to travel and settle outside the country of residence. In a country where freedom of movement is practiced, migration and migration subject-person are inseparable. Within the scope of the law, as long as the person changes, the migration behavior is certainly established. But our country does not, at the beginning of the migration, has deviated from its due direction of definition. Our country thinks that only the change of residence registration place is migration, but neglects the subject of migration-person, no matter where the person is, no matter how long time, as long as there is no change of residence registration place, the fact of migration that has already taken place will not be admitted. Therefore, at the beginning of the study of freedom of movement in China, it was inseparable from the household registration system. In fact, there is no necessary link between freedom of movement and the household registration system, and freedom of movement develops because of its independent right character. The most fundamental reason for its protection is that freedom of movement is an internationally recognized fundamental human right, As a right of personal liberty, it is the premise and foundation for the subject to enjoy other rights and freedoms. In addition, the freedom of migration possesses the outstanding value qualities due to the good law-justice, order, efficiency, social harmony and so on. Therefore, freedom of movement need not be questioned should be protected by law. It can also be said that because the freedom of movement conforms to the direction of the development and progress of human society, it can become an irresistible right of any force, so it will eventually become a real right in our country. The realization of freedom of movement does not require blindly waiting for the economy to develop to a very developed level. The fact that the vast majority of countries in the world have provided for freedom of movement is a good example of this. Among them are countries with underdeveloped economies, countries with uneven economic development and countries with high population density. All of them are sincere in their attitude towards "fundamental human rights", and at the beginning of the development of the commodity economy, they set out from their own national conditions and use different ways to move.
【學位授予單位】：中國政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：D631.42;D921

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