論我國社區(qū)矯正實施中存在的問題與完善
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-11 20:09
【摘要】：隨著人類文明的不斷進步，各國刑罰制度也在變革中趨于科學(xué)合理，行刑方式進入寬緩化時代。我國自2003年開展社區(qū)矯正試點工作開始以來,經(jīng)歷了數(shù)十年的時間，社區(qū)矯正制度也在實踐反復(fù)檢驗和理論研究發(fā)展的過程中日趨完善，正在逐步探索一條適合中國刑罰制度改革和發(fā)展的道路。2011年《中華人民共和國刑法修正案（八）》（簡稱《刑法修正案（八）》）正式確立了社區(qū)矯正制度的法律地位，開啟了我國社區(qū)矯正制度建立和完善的新篇章。為進一步貫徹寬嚴(yán)相濟刑事政策的實現(xiàn)和促進社區(qū)矯正工作的順利進行，2012年2月，最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院、公安部、司法部（以下簡稱“兩高兩部”）聯(lián)合下發(fā)了《社區(qū)矯正實施辦法》，在《刑法修正案（八）》的基礎(chǔ)上，，對社區(qū)矯正工作進行了具體規(guī)定，司法部也于2013年1月29日在部務(wù)會議上審議通過了《中華人民共和國社區(qū)矯正法（草案送審稿）》。然而，現(xiàn)有的法律法規(guī)還是不能滿足社區(qū)矯正工作的現(xiàn)實需要，在適用社區(qū)矯正、社區(qū)矯正執(zhí)行和社區(qū)矯正監(jiān)管等環(huán)節(jié)仍然存在缺陷，需要相關(guān)立法予以完善，以保證社區(qū)矯正的實施效果。 本文旨在通過對社區(qū)矯正制度相關(guān)理論研究為基礎(chǔ)，結(jié)合社區(qū)矯正工作在實踐運行中的問題，闡述社區(qū)矯正制度實施的現(xiàn)狀及其缺陷，并提出完善建議。社區(qū)矯正，即是以社區(qū)替代監(jiān)禁場所，促使社區(qū)矯正對象能夠在社會上接受矯治教育的刑罰手段，在行刑社會化、刑法謙抑性、行刑經(jīng)濟性等理論的大背景下，社區(qū)矯正成為了全世界各個國家刑罰制度改革和發(fā)展的重要內(nèi)容。我國從2003年6個省市社區(qū)矯正試點地區(qū)到現(xiàn)如今全國范圍內(nèi)實行、從社區(qū)矯正規(guī)范性法律文件到社區(qū)矯正在基本法律中地位的確定，積累了豐富的理論和實踐經(jīng)驗，社區(qū)矯正各項制度也從空白走向健全完善，但是相關(guān)制度還是不能適應(yīng)復(fù)雜的社區(qū)矯正工作。一是社區(qū)矯正適用對象范圍較小，社區(qū)矯正適用率低。二是社區(qū)矯正工作者隊伍建設(shè)缺乏專業(yè)性且未形成科學(xué)管理體制。三是社區(qū)矯正經(jīng)費管理體制缺失、經(jīng)費來源單一、各地區(qū)社區(qū)矯正經(jīng)費投入差距大。四是受我國傳統(tǒng)重刑主義影響，公眾對社區(qū)矯正認(rèn)知不足，甚至產(chǎn)生排斥心理，不配合社區(qū)矯正工作，加上我國社區(qū)建設(shè)緩慢，社區(qū)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施管理環(huán)節(jié)薄弱，不利的矯正環(huán)境影響了矯正的效果。五是社區(qū)矯正庭前調(diào)查評估制度不成熟，對社區(qū)矯正對象的激勵措施規(guī)定較抽象，可操作性差，社區(qū)矯正管理監(jiān)督機制不健全。根據(jù)上述社區(qū)矯正實施中的現(xiàn)狀和缺陷，筆者分別從社區(qū)矯正的適用對象、執(zhí)行主體、經(jīng)費管理、社區(qū)環(huán)境及社區(qū)矯正執(zhí)行程序等五個方面對社區(qū)矯正制度提出了完善建議。
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress of human civilization, penalty systems in various countries tend to be scientific and reasonable. Since the beginning of the pilot work of community correction in 2003, our country has experienced decades of time, and the system of community correction has been improved day by day in the process of repeated testing and theoretical research and development. A road suitable for the reform and development of China's penal system is being gradually explored. In 2011, the Criminal Law Amendment (8) of the people's Republic of China (referred to as the Criminal Law Amendment (8) formally established the legal status of the community correction system. It opens a new chapter of the establishment and perfection of community correction system in our country. In order to further implement the criminal policy of combining leniency with severity and to promote the smooth progress of community correction, in February 2012, the Supreme people's Court, the Supreme people's Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security, The Ministry of Justice (hereinafter referred to as "two high and two ministries") jointly issued the "measures for the implementation of Community Corrections", which, on the basis of the Criminal Law Amendment (8), made specific provisions on the work of community correction. On January 29, 2013, the Ministry of Justice also deliberated and adopted the Law of the people's Republic of China on Community Correction (draft). However, the existing laws and regulations still can not meet the practical needs of community correction work. There are still defects in the application of community correction, community correction implementation and community correction supervision, etc., which need to be improved by relevant legislation. In order to ensure the implementation of community correction effect. The purpose of this paper is to expound the present situation and defects of community correction system based on the theoretical research of community correction system and the problems of community correction work in practice, and put forward some suggestions to improve the implementation of community correction system. Community correction is to replace the place of imprisonment with the community, to make the object of community correction be able to receive correctional education in the society, under the background of the theory of socialization of execution, modesty of criminal law, economy of execution and so on. Community correction has become an important content of the reform and development of penalty system in every country all over the world. From the 6 pilot areas of community correction in 2003 to the whole country, from the normative legal documents of community correction to the determination of the status of community correction in the basic law, we have accumulated rich theoretical and practical experience. The system of community correction is also from blank to perfect, but the related system can not adapt to the complex work of community correction. First, the range of community correction is small, and the rate of community correction is low. Second, the construction of community correction workers is lack of professional and scientific management system. Third, the fund management system of community correction is missing, the source of funds is single, and the gap of community correction funds in different regions is large. Fourth, under the influence of traditional severe punishment in our country, the public has insufficient knowledge of community correction, even produces rejection psychology, does not cooperate with community correction work, and the community construction in our country is slow, and the management of community infrastructure is weak. Adverse corrective environment affects the effect of correction. Fifth, the system of pre-court investigation and evaluation of community correction is not mature, the regulation of incentive measures for community correction objects is abstract, the operability is poor, and the management and supervision mechanism of community correction is not perfect. According to the present situation and defects in the implementation of community correction, the author puts forward some suggestions to improve the system of community correction from five aspects: the applicable object of community correction, the main body of execution, the management of funds, the community environment and the procedure of community correction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D926.8
本文編號：2237729
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress of human civilization, penalty systems in various countries tend to be scientific and reasonable. Since the beginning of the pilot work of community correction in 2003, our country has experienced decades of time, and the system of community correction has been improved day by day in the process of repeated testing and theoretical research and development. A road suitable for the reform and development of China's penal system is being gradually explored. In 2011, the Criminal Law Amendment (8) of the people's Republic of China (referred to as the Criminal Law Amendment (8) formally established the legal status of the community correction system. It opens a new chapter of the establishment and perfection of community correction system in our country. In order to further implement the criminal policy of combining leniency with severity and to promote the smooth progress of community correction, in February 2012, the Supreme people's Court, the Supreme people's Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security, The Ministry of Justice (hereinafter referred to as "two high and two ministries") jointly issued the "measures for the implementation of Community Corrections", which, on the basis of the Criminal Law Amendment (8), made specific provisions on the work of community correction. On January 29, 2013, the Ministry of Justice also deliberated and adopted the Law of the people's Republic of China on Community Correction (draft). However, the existing laws and regulations still can not meet the practical needs of community correction work. There are still defects in the application of community correction, community correction implementation and community correction supervision, etc., which need to be improved by relevant legislation. In order to ensure the implementation of community correction effect. The purpose of this paper is to expound the present situation and defects of community correction system based on the theoretical research of community correction system and the problems of community correction work in practice, and put forward some suggestions to improve the implementation of community correction system. Community correction is to replace the place of imprisonment with the community, to make the object of community correction be able to receive correctional education in the society, under the background of the theory of socialization of execution, modesty of criminal law, economy of execution and so on. Community correction has become an important content of the reform and development of penalty system in every country all over the world. From the 6 pilot areas of community correction in 2003 to the whole country, from the normative legal documents of community correction to the determination of the status of community correction in the basic law, we have accumulated rich theoretical and practical experience. The system of community correction is also from blank to perfect, but the related system can not adapt to the complex work of community correction. First, the range of community correction is small, and the rate of community correction is low. Second, the construction of community correction workers is lack of professional and scientific management system. Third, the fund management system of community correction is missing, the source of funds is single, and the gap of community correction funds in different regions is large. Fourth, under the influence of traditional severe punishment in our country, the public has insufficient knowledge of community correction, even produces rejection psychology, does not cooperate with community correction work, and the community construction in our country is slow, and the management of community infrastructure is weak. Adverse corrective environment affects the effect of correction. Fifth, the system of pre-court investigation and evaluation of community correction is not mature, the regulation of incentive measures for community correction objects is abstract, the operability is poor, and the management and supervision mechanism of community correction is not perfect. According to the present situation and defects in the implementation of community correction, the author puts forward some suggestions to improve the system of community correction from five aspects: the applicable object of community correction, the main body of execution, the management of funds, the community environment and the procedure of community correction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D926.8
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