【摘要】： 賄賂犯罪主要是國家工作人員實(shí)施的貪利性職務(wù)犯罪，這類犯罪不僅嚴(yán)重地?fù)p害國家工作人員的職務(wù)廉潔性，極大地?cái)膰夜ぷ魅藛T的聲譽(yù)，損害黨和政府在人民心目中的威信，而且通常還嚴(yán)重的侵犯公私財(cái)產(chǎn)所有權(quán)，因而具有嚴(yán)重的社會危害性。我國歷來重視對此類犯罪的懲治，近些年來，更是將打擊這類犯罪作為廉政建設(shè)的重要任務(wù)。 賄賂犯罪不同于其他種類的犯罪，其特點(diǎn)是沒有特定的受害人或是受害人遭受的侵害不明顯；犯罪后果不明顯，案外人很難發(fā)現(xiàn)此類犯罪的發(fā)生；沒有明顯的證據(jù)可供查證，由于賄賂犯罪一般在利害關(guān)系人之間發(fā)生，事后犯罪人會銷毀所有罪證，導(dǎo)致事后查證的困難性。正是賄賂犯罪的這些特點(diǎn)，，導(dǎo)致了在對其進(jìn)行偵查過程中，一般的偵查手段無法發(fā)揮作用；特別是缺乏犯罪證據(jù)可供查證的案件中，這時候偵查訊問會發(fā)揮很大的作用，占據(jù)很重要的地位。一旦在訊問中針對犯罪嫌疑人選擇了正確的突破口，制定了正確的訊問策略就很容易取得意想不到的效果。 訊問歷來是我國偵查破案的一種重要手段，但由于幾千年來刑訊逼供的持續(xù)影響和刑事訴訟過程中部分司法工作人員的不規(guī)范操作，導(dǎo)致了訊問過程中違反刑事訴訟程序和侵犯犯罪嫌疑人人權(quán)的情況層出不窮，訊問這一偵查手段也受到廣泛的置疑。而在97年刑法修改后，刑事訴訟日益注重程序公正和保障人權(quán)，這也導(dǎo)致了在一些缺乏實(shí)物證據(jù)和犯罪現(xiàn)場的犯罪案件訊問中，特別是在賄賂案件這種幾乎無實(shí)物證據(jù)可供查實(shí)的案件訊問中，審訊人員經(jīng)常因?yàn)闆]有科學(xué)的訊問方法和策略，導(dǎo)致訊問陷入僵局，無法取得突破。因此，筆者認(rèn)為我們有必要在總結(jié)前人關(guān)于訊問的寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn)的同時，對其進(jìn)行理論升華，并充分利用心理學(xué)和犯罪心理學(xué)方面的知識，針對各種賄賂案件犯罪嫌疑人的特點(diǎn)，思考相應(yīng)的訊問策略和方法，指導(dǎo)我們的訊問活動。本文著重通過對賄賂犯罪嫌疑人心理的研究，結(jié)合實(shí)踐中常用的偵查策略，提出筆者自己的一些觀點(diǎn)，希望對我國賄賂犯罪中訊問策略的發(fā)展提供良好的思路。 本文共分三部分： 第一部分為偵查訊問概述，分別介紹了偵查訊問的概念和性質(zhì)、目的和任務(wù)，對訊問的合理性和合法性進(jìn)行了分析。筆者認(rèn)為，偵查訊問是法律明文規(guī)定的一種偵查手段，雖然在訊問過程中容易有違反刑事訴訟程序和侵犯人權(quán)的事件發(fā)生，但不可否認(rèn)它對于偵查破案，尤其是證據(jù)明顯缺乏的刑事案件的偵破具有決定性的意義，我們決不可因噎廢食。因此，我們有必要對偵查訊問的一些基礎(chǔ)性問題進(jìn)行分析，在對訊問的性質(zhì)、目的和任務(wù)等問題深入了解的基礎(chǔ)上，我們才能正確的認(rèn)識訊問在偵查中的地位和重要性；加之對其合法性和合理性的分析，我們才能在實(shí)踐中放心運(yùn)用這一偵查手段。 第二部分為賄賂犯罪案件的犯罪特點(diǎn)、證據(jù)特點(diǎn)和賄賂犯罪嫌疑人的心理特點(diǎn)研究。通過對賄賂犯罪案件的犯罪特點(diǎn)、證據(jù)特點(diǎn)的研究，我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)此類案件與其他犯罪案件的不同之處。在一般刑事犯罪中經(jīng)常使用的其他偵查手段在此類案件中往往無能為力。因此，這就凸現(xiàn)出訊問在賄賂犯罪案件偵破中的重要地位和作用。訊問過程中，只有掌握犯罪嫌疑人的心理特點(diǎn)及其薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，才能找到正確的突破口，為偵查破案打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。因此，筆者對賄賂犯罪嫌疑人心理特點(diǎn)及其在偵查階段的變化狀況進(jìn)行了研究，研究結(jié)果為下一步制定和運(yùn)用適當(dāng)?shù)挠崋柌呗源蛳铝己玫幕A(chǔ)。 第三部分為介紹偵查訊問策略的概念、運(yùn)用訊問策略的方法及具體的訊問策略。筆者主要是從理清訊問策略的概念和幾個基本理論問題入手，探討在具體訊問過程中行之有效的訊問方法、有針對性的具體訊問策略問題以及為了充分運(yùn)用訊問策略所需的配套措施。賄賂犯罪偵查中的訊問，因其面對的不同種類的賄賂犯罪和不同身份、類型的犯罪嫌疑人而需要采用不同的訊問策略；在審訊時我們應(yīng)該具體問題，具體分析，針對不同心態(tài)的犯罪嫌疑人采用最適當(dāng)?shù)挠崋柌呗院头椒ǎ云谌〉米顫M意的訊問效果。筆者最后指出由于訊問工作是一把雙刃劍，運(yùn)用得當(dāng)可以很快撕破犯罪嫌疑人的心理防線；而使用不當(dāng)則可能傷及自身，形成訊問僵局，甚至造成犯罪嫌疑人逃脫罪責(zé)的嚴(yán)重后果。因此，為了使訊問達(dá)到最佳效果，在訊問中應(yīng)當(dāng)注意嚴(yán)格依照刑事訴訟程序辦案和合理運(yùn)用訊問策略等問題。
[Abstract]:Bribery crime is mainly a kind of corrupt duty crime committed by state functionaries. This kind of crime not only seriously damages the duty integrity of state functionaries, greatly damages the reputation of state functionaries, damages the prestige of the Party and the government in the people's mind, but also seriously infringes the ownership of public and private property, so it has a serious nature. China has always attached great importance to the punishment of such crimes, in recent years, it is to combat such crimes as an important task of building a clean government.
Bribery crime is different from other types of crime, which is characterized by no specific victim or victim suffered infringement is not obvious; the consequences of the crime is not obvious, it is difficult to find such a crime outside the case; there is no obvious evidence to verify, because bribery crime generally occurs between the interested parties, the offender will be sold afterwards. It is these characteristics of bribery that lead to the failure of the general means of investigation to play a role in the process of investigation. Especially in the case of lack of evidence for investigation, investigation interrogation will play a great role and occupy a very important position. It is easy to achieve unexpected results by choosing the right breakthrough point and formulating the correct interrogation strategy.
Interrogation has always been an important means of investigating and solving cases in China. However, due to the persistent influence of extorting confessions by torture for thousands of years and the irregular operation of some judicial staff in the criminal procedure, the violation of criminal procedure and the violation of the human rights of criminal suspects emerge in endlessly in the process of interrogation. After the criminal law was amended in 1997, the criminal procedure paid more and more attention to procedural justice and human rights protection, which also led to the lack of physical evidence and crime scene in some cases of interrogation, especially in bribery cases, where there is almost no physical evidence to verify the case, interrogators often because there is no section. Therefore, the author thinks it is necessary for us to summarize the valuable experience of the predecessors on interrogation, to sublimate the theory of interrogation, and to make full use of the knowledge of psychology and criminal psychology, aiming at the characteristics of the criminal suspects in various bribery cases, to think about each other. This paper focuses on the study of the psychology of the suspects in bribery crimes and the investigation strategies commonly used in practice, and puts forward some of the author's own views, hoping to provide a good idea for the development of the interrogation strategy in bribery crimes in China.
This article is divided into three parts.
The first part is an overview of investigation interrogation, introducing the concept, nature, purpose and task of investigation interrogation, and analyzing the rationality and legitimacy of interrogation. However, it is undeniable that it is of decisive significance to the investigation and resolution of criminal cases, especially those with evident lack of evidence. We must not give up food because of choking. Therefore, it is necessary for us to analyze some basic problems of investigation and interrogation, and on the basis of a thorough understanding of the nature, purpose and task of interrogation, we can only do so. Only by correctly recognizing the status and importance of interrogation in investigation and analyzing its legitimacy and rationality can we safely use this means of investigation in practice.
The second part is the characteristics of bribery cases, evidence characteristics and psychological characteristics of bribery suspects. Through the study of the characteristics of bribery cases and evidence characteristics, we will find the differences between such cases and other criminal cases. Other investigative means often used in general criminal offences are here. Therefore, this highlights the important position and role of interrogation in the detection of bribery crimes. In the process of interrogation, only by mastering the psychological characteristics and weak links of criminal suspects can we find a correct breakthrough and lay a solid foundation for the investigation and resolution of bribery crimes. The research results lay a good foundation for the further development and application of appropriate interrogation strategies.
The third part is to introduce the concept of the investigation interrogation strategy, the method of using the interrogation strategy and the specific interrogation strategy. The author mainly clarifies the concept of the interrogation strategy and several basic theoretical issues, discusses the effective interrogation method in the specific interrogation process, the specific interrogation strategy problems and for the full use of it. The interrogation in the investigation of bribery crimes needs different interrogation strategies because of the different types of bribery crimes and different identities and types of suspects. We should analyze the specific problems in the interrogation and adopt the most appropriate interrogation for the suspects with different mentality. In the end, the author points out that interrogation is a double-edged sword, which can tear the suspect's psychological defense line quickly, and improper use may hurt itself, cause interrogation deadlock, and even cause serious consequences for the suspect to escape the crime. In order to achieve the best results, we should pay attention to handling cases strictly in accordance with criminal procedure and reasonably using interrogation strategies.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：D918.5

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