【摘要】： 中國現(xiàn)行的戶籍制度管理模式主要是依據(jù)1958年《戶口登記管理條例》確立的二元戶籍制度。二元戶籍制度是指以“戶口遷移登記、審批制度”為中心，“以農(nóng)業(yè)和非農(nóng)業(yè)戶口的嚴格區(qū)分”為特征的城鄉(xiāng)有別的二元制度體系。這種二元戶籍制度將人口分為農(nóng)業(yè)戶口和非農(nóng)業(yè)戶口，不同的戶口享有不同的待遇，包括就業(yè)、教育、社會保障、福利待遇等，，然后嚴格限制兩種戶口之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，由此損害了社會的平等與自由。 改革開放后，戶籍制度的弊端日益顯現(xiàn)出來，關(guān)于戶籍改革的呼聲一浪高于一浪，政府開始重視并采取種種措施來消除戶籍制度的弊端，學(xué)者們也越來越多地對現(xiàn)行的戶籍制度進行研究和反思。本文將戶籍制度納入倫理學(xué)，尤其是應(yīng)用倫理學(xué)的范圍，從以下四個方面探討了戶籍制度問題。 第一部分歷史地考察二元戶籍制度的發(fā)展和衍變。闡述了建國以來中國戶籍制度的變遷與功能異化，分析了1985年以后戶籍制度改革及現(xiàn)狀。 第二部分重點分析了二元戶籍制度下的不平等與不自由：戶籍歧視與遷徙自由限制。具體闡述了戶籍歧視的主要表現(xiàn)：即社會保障、教育與就業(yè)權(quán)利的差別對待。分析了國內(nèi)戶籍制度對遷徙自由限制的特點及帶來的嚴重后果，農(nóng)民的貧困。 第三部分主要分析了中國戶籍制度的目的訴求與價值選擇，重點闡述了中國的戶籍制度的目的訴求是社會秩序穩(wěn)定、效率與發(fā)展。 第四部分論述了戶籍制度改革的方向與倫理依據(jù)。闡述了中國戶籍改革的倫理依據(jù)是追求自由，平等的價值訴求和實現(xiàn)程序正義的要求，改革的方向是實現(xiàn)從形式平等到實質(zhì)平等，理由為形式平等并不必然導(dǎo)致結(jié)果的平等，有時甚至?xí)䦟?dǎo)致結(jié)果的不平等，具體措施是進行制度補償，即向農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)民進行傾斜性的補償。
[Abstract]:The current management mode of household registration system in China is mainly based on the dual household registration system established in 1958. The dual household registration system refers to the dual system of urban and rural areas with the center of "household registration and examination and approval system" and the "strict distinction between agricultural and non-agricultural hukou". This dual household registration system divides the population into agricultural hukou and non-agricultural hukou. Different hukou households enjoy different treatment, including employment, education, social security, welfare benefits, etc., and then strictly restrict the conversion between the two hukou. This damages the equality and freedom of society. After the reform and opening up, the malpractice of the household registration system appeared day by day, and the voice of the household registration reform was higher than the wave. The government began to attach importance to and take all kinds of measures to eliminate the malpractice of the household registration system. Scholars also more and more research and reflection on the current household registration system. This paper brings the household registration system into ethics, especially the scope of applied ethics, and probes into the household registration system from the following four aspects. The first part examines the development and evolution of the dual household registration system. This paper expounds the changes and functional alienation of the household registration system in China since the founding of the people's Republic of China, and analyzes the reform and present situation of the household registration system after 1985. The second part focuses on the analysis of inequality and inliberty under the dual household registration system: the discrimination of household registration and the restriction of freedom of movement. This paper expounds the main manifestations of household registration discrimination: social security, discrimination between education and employment rights. This paper analyzes the characteristics and serious consequences of the restriction of freedom of migration by the household registration system in China, and the poverty of peasants. The third part mainly analyzes the purpose and value choice of the household registration system in China, focusing on the social order stability, efficiency and development of the household registration system in China. The fourth part discusses the direction and ethical basis of household registration system reform. This paper expounds that the ethical basis of Chinese household registration reform is the pursuit of freedom, the value demand of equality and the requirement of realizing procedural justice. The direction of reform is to realize from formal equality to substantive equality, and the reason is that formal equality does not necessarily lead to equality of results. Sometimes it can even lead to unequal results, the specific measures are institutional compensation, that is, to agriculture, farmers for compensation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：D631.42

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本文編號：2126641