本文選題：犯罪人特征 + 人的屬性　； 參考：《中國(guó)政法大學(xué)》2007年博士論文

【摘要】： 犯罪人與非犯罪人是否存在差異,犯罪人群體是否具有該類群體獨(dú)特的本質(zhì)特征,是在犯罪心理學(xué)的研究中必須回答的。由于公眾對(duì)犯罪人的認(rèn)識(shí)往往具有非理性特點(diǎn),導(dǎo)致在情感與道德上對(duì)犯罪人的社會(huì)排斥,這種狀況不僅影響法律公平原則,也不利于罪犯的改造。而犯罪人的法律身份特征和外在的犯罪行為特征,并不是犯罪人最為本質(zhì)的特征。對(duì)犯罪人特征進(jìn)行深入的研究,在理論上和現(xiàn)實(shí)中都有意義。 本文采用心理學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)、法學(xué)等多學(xué)科理論,使用次級(jí)分析的方法,定量研究與定性分析相結(jié)合,在對(duì)以往犯罪人特征研究進(jìn)行總結(jié)與借鑒的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)犯罪人與非犯罪人進(jìn)行了多種維度的類比,進(jìn)而總結(jié)與探討有關(guān)犯罪人本質(zhì)特征的問題。 本文首先提出了在犯罪人研究中應(yīng)遵循的多維模式的方法論原則。從人的物質(zhì)屬性、生物屬性、心理屬性、社會(huì)屬性四個(gè)層面歸納了個(gè)體與上述屬性相對(duì)應(yīng)的存在性、適應(yīng)性、目的性、關(guān)系性特點(diǎn)。認(rèn)為對(duì)犯罪人的研究絕不能強(qiáng)調(diào)單一維度或單一特征決定論,而應(yīng)從人的屬性出發(fā),結(jié)合個(gè)體的特征,從動(dòng)態(tài)和上述屬性與特點(diǎn)交互作用的層面進(jìn)行認(rèn)識(shí)。在個(gè)體作為人所具備的生物屬性、心理屬性和社會(huì)屬性方面,不僅犯罪人與非犯罪人有進(jìn)行類比以顯示不同特征的可能性,即便是犯罪人之間,也存在明顯的差別。以往研究的各種有關(guān)犯罪人特征的結(jié)論之所以不具有預(yù)測(cè)性,正是在于以物理學(xué)方法割裂了人的整體性,以絕對(duì)主義的原則強(qiáng)調(diào)單一因素決定論的結(jié)果。 犯罪的本質(zhì)乃至犯罪人的本質(zhì)特征,雖然都由危害性行為引發(fā),但在行為的背后,不同個(gè)體有著不同的個(gè)體特征。反社會(huì)性、人身危險(xiǎn)性等由外在標(biāo)簽方法并不能代表犯罪人的本質(zhì)特征。 犯罪人個(gè)體或群體的本質(zhì)特征首先可以從犯罪的主要自變量——人格方面體現(xiàn)出來。人格是個(gè)體在環(huán)境適應(yīng)過程中表現(xiàn)出的內(nèi)在心理特征與外在行為特征的統(tǒng)一體,有著穩(wěn)定性、整體性和跨時(shí)間與情境的一致性。在人格層面,人與人的差別是可以觀察的,但這不等于說犯罪人的人格在整體上構(gòu)成不同于非犯罪人的本質(zhì)特征,而是說犯罪人所具有的人格中的不同特質(zhì)的狀態(tài)和組合方式有別于非犯罪人,犯罪人正是因?yàn)榫哂辛瞬煌娜烁裉刭|(zhì),才使他們比非犯罪人更容易出現(xiàn)不同環(huán)境中的社會(huì)不適應(yīng),犯罪也正是社會(huì)不適應(yīng)的具體表現(xiàn)。 在理性的層面上,也可以發(fā)現(xiàn)犯罪人的特征,尤其是以認(rèn)知心理學(xué)進(jìn)行演繹的時(shí)候。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)上的理性是指自私的行為,法學(xué)的角度表現(xiàn)為自制,而在心理學(xué)上,理性是自知。在這些方面,都可以總結(jié)屬于犯罪人群體規(guī)律性的特征。 人格作為具體個(gè)人的整體面貌,往往只代表個(gè)體。犯罪群體與守法群體的差異,要根據(jù)犯罪人個(gè)體的特征進(jìn)行歸納,這種差別體現(xiàn)在犯罪人的個(gè)性上,體現(xiàn)在人格的社會(huì)化程度上,而不完全體現(xiàn)在所謂人格方面。 犯罪人的本質(zhì)特征存在于人的生物屬性、心理屬性和社會(huì)屬性的不同層面,它們系統(tǒng)地作用于具體的個(gè)人,并構(gòu)成犯罪人群體整體的特征。
[Abstract]:Whether there is a difference between the offender and the non offender, whether the criminal group has the unique essential characteristics of the group, is to be answered in the study of the criminal psychology. Because the public's understanding of the criminal is often irrational, it leads to the social exclusion of the offender in the emotion and morality, which not only affects the law, but also affects the law. The principle of fairness is not conducive to the transformation of criminals, but the characteristics of the criminal's legal identity and the external criminal behavior are not the most essential characteristics of the offender. It is of great significance both in theory and in reality to make a thorough study of the character of the criminal.
This article uses the multidisciplinary theory of psychology, sociology, law and so on, using the method of secondary analysis, quantitative research and qualitative analysis. On the basis of summarizing and drawing lessons from the previous study of the character of the criminal, the author makes a variety of dimensions to the criminal and non offenders, and then summarizes and discusses the essential characteristics of the criminal. Problem.
This paper first puts forward the multi-dimensional model of the methodological principle that should be followed in the study of the criminal. From four aspects of human material property, biological attribute, psychological attribute and social attribute, the existence, adaptability, purposeful and relational specificity of the individual and the above attributes are summed up. It is believed that the study of the criminal can never emphasize a single dimension. Or the single characteristic determinism, and should be based on the attributes of the person and the characteristics of the individual, to understand the interaction between the dynamic and the attributes and the characteristics. In the aspects of the individual's biological attributes, psychological attributes and social attributes, not only the offender and the non offender have the possibility of displaying different characteristics, but also the criminal and non offenders. Even among the perpetrators, there are obvious differences. The reason why the previous studies on the characteristics of the criminal are not predictable is precisely because it separates the integrity of human beings by physical methods, and emphasizes the result of the determinism of a single factor by the principle of absolutism.
The essence of crime and the essential characteristics of the offender are all caused by harmful behavior, but behind the behavior, different individuals have different individual characteristics. The external label method does not represent the essential characteristics of the criminal.
The essential characteristics of the individual or group of the criminal can first be reflected from the main self variable of the crime. Personality is the unity of the inner psychological characteristics and the external behavior characteristics shown by the individual in the process of environmental adaptation. It has the consistency of stability, integrity and cross time with the situation. The difference can be observed, but it does not mean that the personality of a criminal is different from the non offender on the whole, but that the state and the combination of the different traits of the personality of the perpetrator are different from those of the non offender, and the perpetrator is just because they have different personality traits that make them more than non offenders. It is easy for society to be different in different environments. Crime is also a concrete manifestation of social adjustment.
On the rational level, the character of the perpetrator can also be found, especially when it is deducted by cognitive psychology. The economic rationality refers to the selfish behavior, the legal point of view is self-control, and in psychology, reason is self-knowledge. In these aspects, it can always be characterized by the regularity of the criminal group.
As a whole, personality is often represented as an individual. The difference between the criminal group and the law-abiding group should be summed up according to the individual characteristics of the criminal. This difference is embodied in the personality of the criminal, and is embodied in the socialization degree of the personality, but not in the so-called personality.
The essential characteristics of the perpetrators exist in the different levels of human beings' biological attributes, psychological attributes and social attributes, which systematically act on specific individuals and constitute the overall characteristics of the criminal group.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：D917.2

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 馬婷婷;變態(tài)人格犯罪的偵查訊問對(duì)策研究[D];中國(guó)政法大學(xué);2011年

2 邢朝亮;近期惡性報(bào)復(fù)殺人犯罪頻發(fā)原因的研究[D];華東政法大學(xué);2011年

3 任榮升;聾啞人犯罪問題研究[D];山東大學(xué);2011年

4 崔文晶;論人身危險(xiǎn)性及其對(duì)量刑的影響[D];山西大學(xué);2011年

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本文編號(hào)：2061921