本文選題：超期羈押 + 對策　； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2004年碩士論文

【摘要】：超期羈押，就是依法對犯罪嫌疑人、被告人采取限制人身自由的強(qiáng)制措施時，羈押時間超出了刑事訴訟法規(guī)定的期限。羈押是刑事司法不可或缺的措施，但由于羈押是對犯罪嫌疑人、被告人在受到有罪判決之前人身自由的暫時性限制或剝奪，因此，羈押措施的適用必須受到嚴(yán)密的法律控制，而超過法定期限羈押犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的超期羈押行為則構(gòu)成了對犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的人身權(quán)利的侵害，情節(jié)嚴(yán)重的，還可能構(gòu)成犯罪。但是，在我國，超期羈押卻已經(jīng)成為刑事訴訟進(jìn)程中的普遍狀態(tài)，犯罪嫌疑人、被告人一旦被刑事拘留、逮捕就意味著超長時間的羈押的開始。超期羈押在一定程度上從公安司法人員的違法行為轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N不斷蔓延的現(xiàn)象，且屢禁不止。有鑒于此，本文以我國羈押性強(qiáng)制措施的適用為切入點，分析我國超期羈押的現(xiàn)狀，明晰羈押措施的適用及其延長，包括在偵查、審查起訴、審判階段羈押期限非法延長的具體形式，以考量我國羈押制度的問題和缺陷，旨在尋找超期羈押現(xiàn)象的癥結(jié)所在和解決之道。本文著重論述了針對超期羈押和我國羈押性強(qiáng)制措施制度所進(jìn)行的觀念和制度建構(gòu)的設(shè)想，同時強(qiáng)調(diào)法治原則和現(xiàn)實性的有益結(jié)合。 本文分前言、正文與結(jié)語三部分。 前言：以1996年刑事訴訟法對刑事強(qiáng)制措施制度的修改為切入點，指出法律條文對強(qiáng)制措施制度法治化的建構(gòu)本應(yīng)理順羈押性措施與非羈押性措施的適用，在保障國家刑罰權(quán)實現(xiàn)的同時體現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代法制原則，使得我國刑事羈押制度達(dá)到良性運行的效果。但是，司法實踐中公安機(jī)關(guān)久偵不結(jié)、檢察機(jī)關(guān)久訟不息、法院久審不決，超期羈押犯罪嫌疑人、被告人已蔓延成一種普遍的現(xiàn)象，并由此引發(fā)出對超期羈押現(xiàn)狀和中國刑事羈押制度的思考，提出對超期羈押進(jìn)行觀念和制度建構(gòu)的嘗試。 正文共分六部分： WP=54 第一部分，超期羈押的本質(zhì)。在界定超期羈押含義的基礎(chǔ)上對超期羈押進(jìn)行直觀介紹，以說明超期羈押在我國的表現(xiàn)形式。進(jìn)而指出，形式上違反法律程序的超期羈押行為實質(zhì)上是對犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的人身自由權(quán)利的侵犯，是一種違法甚至犯罪行為，其非法性至為明顯。 第二部分，我國超期羈押的現(xiàn)狀。以三個典型案例為切入點，分析羈押性強(qiáng)制措施在刑事訴訟中偵查、審查起訴和審判階段的具體運行以及我國刑事羈押制度所暴露出的具體問題。詳細(xì)介紹了刑事拘留、逮捕以及逮捕后羈押的延長程序的實行狀態(tài)，，包括偵查活動、審查起訴活動和第一審、第二審、死刑復(fù)核以及再審等各種審判程序中關(guān)于羈押期限及其延長的途徑，分析了立法對羈押期限規(guī)定的遺漏，力求透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，尋找問題的根源。進(jìn)而指出，不健全的刑事訴訟觀念和不無缺陷的我國羈押制度是超期羈押問題的根本癥結(jié)所在。 第三部分，超期羈押的成因。本文指出，正是落后的刑事訴訟觀念和不無缺陷的我國羈押制度造成了超期羈押的久拖不決，并作以詳細(xì)的說明。首先，具體分析了存在于我國公安司法人員身上的頑固的有罪推定思想、對口供的片面追求和依賴以及重實體、輕程序與打擊犯罪優(yōu)于保護(hù)人權(quán)的錯誤思想，然后，在前面介紹我國超期羈押現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上，深入分析我國羈押制度的缺陷。主要表現(xiàn)為刑事訴訟沒有將刑事拘留、逮捕與羈押進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格分離導(dǎo)致羈押適用嚴(yán)重的隨意化和隨機(jī)化；刑事訴訟法沒有將羈押期間與訴訟期間進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格分離，致使羈押期間嚴(yán)重依附于訴訟期間，使得羈押期間的延長完全服務(wù)于整個訴訟進(jìn)程的需要；中國的審前羈押制度中不存在中立司法機(jī)構(gòu)主持進(jìn)行的司法審查機(jī)制，致使羈押的授權(quán)、審查和救濟(jì)具有濃厚的行政色彩，從而喪失了司法訴訟行為的基本品質(zhì)；中國羈押制度沒有貫徹“成比例”或“相適應(yīng)”原則；中國強(qiáng)制措施體系存在的致命缺陷，使得替代羈押的措施未能發(fā)揮應(yīng)有的效力。在此基礎(chǔ)上，指出我國的羈押制度沒有有效的司法控制，也沒有發(fā)育成獨立、封閉的程序性裁判系統(tǒng)。 WP=55 第四部分，超期羈押的對策。首先，提出了執(zhí)法觀、調(diào)查觀、辦案觀、證明觀的轉(zhuǎn)變構(gòu)想。然后，以英國有關(guān)法律規(guī)定和司法實踐為例，說明西方國家針對警察權(quán)加以控制、為嫌疑人提供司法救濟(jì)的經(jīng)驗，并對西方國家業(yè)已建立的旨在對偵查機(jī)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)制性偵查行為進(jìn)行司法控制的程序性裁判制度進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹。而后，主張在中國建立一種最低限度的司法審查機(jī)制，使得作為國家刑事追訴權(quán)的警察權(quán)、檢察權(quán)能夠受到有效的司法控制。建議完善現(xiàn)行的羈押性強(qiáng)制措施的適用的突破口是將其改造成一種以訴訟形態(tài)作出決定的程序，并賦予受羈押人申請中立司法裁判機(jī)構(gòu)審查、舉行公開聽審的權(quán)利，進(jìn)而對司法審查程序及其在施行中可能涉及的羈押場所等問題進(jìn)行具體建構(gòu)。根據(jù)上述研究，指出司法、執(zhí)法理念的轉(zhuǎn)變和司法審查機(jī)制的變革是中國羈押制度法治化的發(fā)展方向，也是避免超期羈押現(xiàn)象久盛不絕的根源；但同時，觀念的轉(zhuǎn)變和制度的重構(gòu)需要一個漫長的過程，因此，提出我們需要找到在現(xiàn)有條件下解決超期羈押的行之有效的對策，并從創(chuàng)新工作機(jī)制、加強(qiáng)社會監(jiān)督等方面進(jìn)行有益的嘗試。 結(jié)語：對全文進(jìn)行概括總結(jié)，通過闡述整篇文章的論述邏輯和體系，強(qiáng)調(diào)超期羈押的嚴(yán)重性和解決超期羈押問題的層次性，強(qiáng)調(diào)理想與現(xiàn)實的結(jié)合，強(qiáng)調(diào)法治精神與
[Abstract]:Overdue detention is the compulsory measure to restrict the personal freedom of the criminal suspect and the defendant in accordance with the law. The time of detention exceeds the time limit stipulated in the criminal procedure law. Detention is an indispensable measure in criminal justice, but the detention is a temporary restriction on the person's personal freedom before the criminal suspect is convicted. Deprivation, therefore, the application of custody measures must be strictly controlled by law, and more than the legal time limit for criminal suspects, and the accused's overdue detention constitutes a violation of the personal rights of the criminal suspect and the defendant. The circumstances are serious and may constitute a crime. However, in our country, the overdue detention has become a criminal complaint. When the criminal suspects and the defendants are detained in criminal proceedings, the arrest will mean the beginning of the prolonged detention. The overdue detention is to a certain extent, to a certain extent, from the illegal acts of the public security and judicial personnel to a continuous spreading phenomenon. It is used as the breakthrough point to analyze the present situation of the overdue detention in China, clarify the application and extension of the measures of detention, including the concrete forms of the illegal extension of the period of detention in the investigation, the examination and prosecution and the trial period, in order to examine the problems and defects of the detention system in our country, and to find the crux and the solution of the overdue detention. This article focuses on the discussion. It also envisages the idea and system construction for overdue detention and the system of custody coercive measures in China. At the same time, it emphasizes the beneficial combination of rule of law and reality.
This article is divided into three parts: the preface, the main body and the conclusion.
Based on the revision of the criminal procedure law on the system of criminal compulsory measures in 1996, it is pointed out that the construction of legal provisions on the rule of law of compulsory measures should be used to rationalize the application of detention measures and non custodial measures, to ensure the realization of the state's penalty right and to reflect the principle of modern legal system, so that the system of criminal detention in China is reached. However, in the judicial practice, the public security organs have long been ignored, the procuratorial organs have long been lawless, the courts have long been judged, the suspects have been overdue, and the defendants have spread into a common phenomenon, and the reasons for the overdue detention and the system of criminal detention in China have been brought up, and the concept and system of overdue detention are put forward. An attempt to construct a degree.
The main body of the text is divided into six parts:
WP=54
The first part is the essence of overdue detention. On the basis of defining the meaning of overdue detention, it introduces the overdue detention intuitively to illustrate the form of the overdue detention in our country. Furthermore, it is pointed out that the overdue detention in violation of the legal procedure is essentially a violation of the right of the criminal suspect and the defendant. Law even criminal acts, its illegality is most obvious.
The second part is the present situation of the overdue detention in China. Taking the three typical cases as the breakthrough point, the paper analyzes the specific operation of the detention compulsory measures in criminal proceedings, the specific operation of the examination and prosecution and the trial stage, and the specific problems exposed in the criminal detention system in our country. The extension procedures of criminal detention, arrest and arrest are introduced in detail. The state of implementation, including investigation activities, examination and prosecution activities and the first trial, the second instance, the death penalty review and the retrial of various trial procedures on the duration of detention and its extension, analyses the omission of the legislation on the term of detention, striving to see the essence through the phenomenon and finding the root of the problem. The concept of China's detention system is the crux of the problem of extended custody.
The third part is the cause of the overdue detention. This article points out that the backward criminal procedure concept and the ineffective detain system have caused the prolonged detention for a long time, and make a detailed explanation. First, it analyzes the stubborn presumption of guilt and the one-sided pursuit of the confession in the public security and judicial personnel of our country. Depending on and heavy entity, the light procedure and the attack crime are superior to the wrong idea of protecting human rights. Then, on the basis of the introduction of the status of the overdue detention in our country, the defects of the detention system in our country are analyzed in depth. The main manifestation is that the criminal proceedings are not detained in criminal proceedings, and the strict separation of arrest and detention leads to the serious arbitrage of detention. And randomization; the criminal procedure law does not strictly separate the period of custody and the period of the proceedings, resulting in the severe attachment of the detention period to the period of the proceedings, which makes the extension of the detention full service to the needs of the whole proceedings; and there is no judicial review mechanism under the pretrial custody system in China, The authorization, the review and the relief in custody have a strong administrative color, thus the basic quality of the judicial action is lost; the Chinese detention system does not carry out the principle of "proportionate" or "adaption", and the fatal flaw in the system of Chinese coercive measures makes the measures for alternative detention fail to play its due effect. It points out that the detention system in China has no effective judicial control, nor has it developed into an independent, closed procedural referee system.
WP=55
The fourth part, the Countermeasures of overdue detention. First, it puts forward the concept of law enforcement, the view of investigation, the view of handling cases, and the Transformation Conception of the concept of proof. Then, taking the relevant legal provisions and judicial practice of the UK as an example, it illustrates the experience of the western countries to control the police power and provide judicial relief for the suspects, and the western countries have established the investigative machine. The compulsory investigation is introduced in detail in the judicial control system. Then, it is advocated to establish a minimum judicial review mechanism in China so as to make the procuratorial power of the state as the right of criminal prosecution, and the procuratorial power can be effectively controlled by the judiciary. The breakthrough is to transform it into a procedure to make a decision in the form of litigation, and to grant the detainee to apply for the examination of the neutral judicial referee, to hold the right to open the hearing, and to construct the judicial review procedure and the places of detention that may be involved in its implementation. The change of thinking and the reform of the judicial review mechanism are the development direction of the rule of law in China's detention system, and it is also the root cause to avoid the prolonged detention of overdue detention. At the same time, the transformation of ideas and the reconstruction of the system need a long process. Therefore, it is suggested that we need to find an effective solution to the overdue detention under the existing conditions. Countermeasures, and from the innovative work mechanism, strengthen social supervision and other aspects of a useful attempt.
The conclusion is to summarize the full text, by elaborating the logic and system of the whole article, emphasizing the seriousness of overdue detention and the level of solving the problem of overdue detention, emphasizing the combination of ideal and reality, emphasizing the spirit of the rule of law and the spirit of the rule of law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類號】：D917;D925.2

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 王金霞;海上事故中公平對待海員法律問題研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2008年

本文編號：2017754