本文選題：強(qiáng)迫游泳試驗(yàn) + 曠場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)�。� 參考：《汕頭大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文

【摘要】： 背景和目的：先前的動(dòng)物應(yīng)激研究，主要根據(jù)應(yīng)激的強(qiáng)度和時(shí)間來(lái)分析應(yīng)激對(duì)個(gè)體的不同影響。但是，僅僅從應(yīng)激的強(qiáng)度和時(shí)間進(jìn)行應(yīng)激研究，極有可能忽視了個(gè)體在不同應(yīng)激環(huán)境中的主動(dòng)適應(yīng)行為的意義和影響。本試驗(yàn)在建立強(qiáng)迫游泳應(yīng)激動(dòng)物模型的基礎(chǔ)上，觀察應(yīng)激大鼠的主動(dòng)性行為和被動(dòng)性行為變化；分析在強(qiáng)迫游泳實(shí)驗(yàn)中大鼠不同的行為反應(yīng)對(duì)探索性行為、內(nèi)分泌、海馬結(jié)構(gòu)體積及代謝物水平的影響，闡明個(gè)體在應(yīng)激環(huán)境中主動(dòng)性行為和被動(dòng)性行為的精神病理學(xué)意義及其神經(jīng)發(fā)生機(jī)制。 材料和方法：選擇成年雄性SD大鼠24只，體重180—200g，將大鼠隨機(jī)分為2組，對(duì)照組(6只)和試驗(yàn)組(18只)，試驗(yàn)組由單次應(yīng)激組(6只)、2周應(yīng)激組(6只)、4周應(yīng)激組(6只)組成。采用FST作為應(yīng)激源，記錄大鼠在應(yīng)激過(guò)程中攀爬、游泳和靜止的時(shí)間和次數(shù)，并根據(jù)應(yīng)激過(guò)程中行為差異再次分組，將大鼠劃分為主動(dòng)性行為組和被動(dòng)性行為組。采用OFT評(píng)測(cè)大鼠的自主行為，應(yīng)激開始前和結(jié)束后分別測(cè)量一次。運(yùn)用磁共振在體測(cè)量雙側(cè)海馬體積和海馬區(qū)N-乙酰天冬氨酸相對(duì)水平，ELISA法測(cè)定血清中皮質(zhì)酮的濃度，采HPLC法離體測(cè)定海馬代謝物NAA和Cr濃度以及計(jì)算NAA／Cr比值。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果用EXCEL2003和SPSS13.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行分析處理。結(jié)果以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤((?)±SE)表示，采用方差分析(ANOVA)、t檢驗(yàn)(T-test)進(jìn)行組間均數(shù)比較，析因分析比較應(yīng)激強(qiáng)度與行為適應(yīng)性之間的交互作用以及各自的獨(dú)立效應(yīng)，Pearson法分析FST和OFT中行為學(xué)指標(biāo)之間的相關(guān)性。P＜0.05為差異顯著。 結(jié)果：(1)應(yīng)激后OFT各行為學(xué)指標(biāo)與末次FST中各行為學(xué)指標(biāo)相關(guān)性：游泳時(shí)間與各指標(biāo)的相關(guān)性，游泳時(shí)間與穿行格數(shù)和修飾次數(shù)的相關(guān)系數(shù)r分別為0.472和0.531，有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義，P＜0.05；游泳時(shí)間與豎立次數(shù)和垂直運(yùn)動(dòng)相關(guān)性分別為0.625和0.637，呈高度相關(guān)，P＜0.01；攀爬時(shí)間與各指標(biāo)的相關(guān)性，攀爬時(shí)間與穿行格數(shù)、修飾次數(shù)、豎立次數(shù)的相關(guān)系數(shù)r分別為0.194、0.454和0.399，均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義；攀爬時(shí)間與垂直運(yùn)動(dòng)的相關(guān)系數(shù)r=0.469，有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義，P＜0.05；靜止時(shí)間與各指標(biāo)的相關(guān)性，靜止時(shí)間與穿行格數(shù)的相關(guān)系數(shù)r=－0.477，P＜0.05；與豎立次數(shù)、修飾次數(shù)和垂直運(yùn)動(dòng)的相關(guān)系數(shù)r分別為－0.672，－0.654和－0.792，顯著相關(guān)，P＜0.01。中央格停留時(shí)間與以上各指標(biāo)相關(guān)系數(shù)r分別為－0.139、－0.158和0.154，均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。 (2)根據(jù)在最后一次應(yīng)激任務(wù)中大鼠主動(dòng)性行為和被動(dòng)性行為的持續(xù)時(shí)間，對(duì)試驗(yàn)組大鼠進(jìn)行再分組：主動(dòng)性行為組和被動(dòng)性行為組。主動(dòng)性行為入組標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：在末次游泳應(yīng)激中主動(dòng)運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間≥30s，或次數(shù)≥10次(共8只)；被動(dòng)性行為入組標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：末次游泳應(yīng)激中主動(dòng)運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間＜30s，，或次數(shù)＜10次(共10只)。 (3)應(yīng)激后主動(dòng)性行為組的中央格停留時(shí)間(3.0±0.6)和被動(dòng)性行為組(4.9±2.0)高于對(duì)照組(2.4±0.4)，但各組間比較均未見(jiàn)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異，P=0.447；對(duì)照組穿行格數(shù)(47.5±12.1)明顯多與被動(dòng)性行為組(15.4±4.4)，P=0.003，與主動(dòng)性行為組(27.4±4.2)比較未見(jiàn)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異，主動(dòng)性行為組與被動(dòng)性行為組之間比較無(wú)差別；主動(dòng)性行為組的豎立次數(shù)(5.9±1.8)多于被動(dòng)性行為組(2.1±0.7)和對(duì)照組(3.2±0.3)，但是無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異；對(duì)照組的運(yùn)動(dòng)量(50.7±12.3)顯著高于被動(dòng)性行為組(17.5±4.9)，P=0.004，主動(dòng)性行為組(33.3±5.2)與對(duì)照組和被動(dòng)性行為組比較均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異；被動(dòng)性行為組(5.6±0.9)的垂直運(yùn)動(dòng)明顯低于主動(dòng)性行為組(12.3±3.4)，P=0.007，兩者和對(duì)照組(10.2±0.8)比較均無(wú)差異；被動(dòng)性行為組的修飾次數(shù)(3.5±0.6)少于于對(duì)照組(7.0±0.7)，P=0.01，主動(dòng)性行為組(6.4±1.9)與對(duì)照組和被動(dòng)性行為組比較均無(wú)差異；排便數(shù)主動(dòng)性行為組(1.5±0.6)、被動(dòng)性行為組(2.9±0.7)和對(duì)照組(1.7±0.6)，組間比較無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P=0.260)。 (4)應(yīng)激后被動(dòng)性行為組(846.393±58.094 ng／ml)血清皮質(zhì)酮濃度顯著高于主動(dòng)性行為組(508.843±12.010 ng／ml)和對(duì)照組(191.599±47.526 ng／ml)，P分別為0.007和0.000；主動(dòng)性行為組高于對(duì)照組，P=0.022。 (5)海馬絕對(duì)體積比較：對(duì)照組左側(cè)海馬體積(69.552±1.705)與主動(dòng)性行為組(68.912±2.264)和被動(dòng)性行為組(64.241±2.247)比較無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P=0.186)；對(duì)照組(71.905±1.541)和主動(dòng)性行為組(70.062±2.129)右側(cè)海馬體積顯著大于被動(dòng)性行為組(63.702±1.629)，P分別為0.006和0.017。 相對(duì)體積比較：主動(dòng)性行為組大鼠左側(cè)海馬相對(duì)體積(0.075±0.006)大于被動(dòng)性行為組(0.065±0.008)，P為0.006；對(duì)照組(0.072±0.005)和主動(dòng)性行為組(0.077±0.007)右側(cè)海馬相對(duì)體積大于被動(dòng)性行為組(0.064±0.006)，P分別為0.024和0.000，對(duì)照組與主動(dòng)性行為組雙側(cè)比較結(jié)果均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。 (6)應(yīng)激后對(duì)照組雙側(cè)海馬NAA相對(duì)水平(左側(cè)：1.304±0.088；右側(cè)：1.268±0.070)顯著高于被動(dòng)性行為組(左側(cè)：1.107±0.103；右側(cè)：1.119±0.133)，P分別為0.004和0.021；主動(dòng)性行為組雙側(cè)(左側(cè)：1.200±0.132：右側(cè)：1.224±0.117)與兩組比較均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。 (7)應(yīng)激后對(duì)照組(7.143±0.366)左側(cè)海馬NAA絕對(duì)濃度高于被動(dòng)性行為組(5.874±0.451)，P=0.044，主動(dòng)性行為組(6.419±0.310)與兩者比較無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異；NAA／Cr比值方面，對(duì)照組(1.323±0.094)高于被動(dòng)性行為組(1.110±0.160)，P=0.015，主動(dòng)性行為組(1.222±0.154)與兩者比較無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。 (8)應(yīng)激強(qiáng)度和行為反應(yīng)的交互作用分析結(jié)果：中央格停留時(shí)間、穿行格數(shù)、豎立次數(shù)、修飾次數(shù)、排便粒數(shù)、垂直運(yùn)動(dòng)、運(yùn)動(dòng)量、雙側(cè)海馬體積、雙側(cè)海馬區(qū)代謝物水平、血清皮質(zhì)酮濃度以及海馬代謝物水平離體測(cè)定結(jié)果均未發(fā)現(xiàn)交互作用。 結(jié)論：(1)在強(qiáng)迫游泳試驗(yàn)中應(yīng)激大鼠的主動(dòng)性行為與曠場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)中穿行格數(shù)、豎立次數(shù)和修飾行為均呈現(xiàn)正相關(guān)。應(yīng)激大鼠的被動(dòng)性行為則與曠場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)中穿行格數(shù)、豎立次數(shù)和修飾行為存在負(fù)相關(guān)。 (2)行為反應(yīng)性可作為評(píng)定強(qiáng)迫游泳應(yīng)激大鼠，是適應(yīng)環(huán)境，還是適應(yīng)失敗的理想行為學(xué)指標(biāo)。 (3)與主動(dòng)性行為的應(yīng)激大鼠相比，采用被動(dòng)性行為的應(yīng)激大鼠的自主探索活動(dòng)減少，主要應(yīng)激激素水平明顯升高，海馬體積縮小，代謝物水平下降。 (4)析因分析顯示應(yīng)激強(qiáng)度和行為反應(yīng)性不存在交互作用，說(shuō)明行為反應(yīng)性是獨(dú)立發(fā)揮作用的。
[Abstract]:Background and purpose: the previous study of animal stress is mainly based on the intensity and time of stress to analyze the different effects of stress on individuals. However, the study of stress only from the intensity and time of stress may ignore the significance and influence of the individual's active adaptation in different stressful environments. On the basis of swimming stress animal models, the active behavior and passive behavior changes in stress rats were observed, and the effects of different behavioral responses on exploratory behavior, endocrine, hippocampal volume and metabolites in forced swimming test were analyzed, and the individual active behavior and passive behavior in the stressful environment were clarified. The pathological significance of the deity and its neurogenesis.
Materials and methods: 24 adult male SD rats, weighing 180 - 200g, were randomly divided into 2 groups, the control group (6) and the test group (18 rats). The test group was composed of single stress group (6), 2 week stress group (6) and 4 week stress group (6). The time and the time of climbing, swimming and resting in stress process were recorded with FST as stress source. The rats were divided into active behavior group and passive sex group according to the difference of behavior difference during the stress process. The independent behavior of rats was measured by OFT, and the stress was measured before and after the stress. The relative level of N- acetyl aspartic acid in the bilateral hippocampal volume and the sea horse area was measured by magnetic resonance (MRI), and the ELISA method was measured. The concentration of corticosterone in the serum was determined, the concentration of NAA and Cr in the hippocampus and the ratio of NAA / Cr were measured in vitro by HPLC method. The results were analyzed with EXCEL2003 and SPSS13.0 software. The results were represented by the mean + standard error ((?) + SE), and the comparison of variance analysis (ANOVA) and t test (T-test) was used to analyze the factorial analysis ratio. The interaction between stress intensity and behavioral adaptation and their respective independent effects, Pearson analysis of the correlation between FST and OFT behavior indicators.P < 0.05 was significant.
Results: (1) the correlation between the behavioral indexes of OFT and the behavioral indexes in the last FST after stress: the correlation of swimming time with each index, the correlation coefficient r of swimming time and wear number and modification number, respectively, was 0.472 and 0.531, respectively, P < 0.05; the correlation between swimming time and vertical and vertical movement was 0.62, respectively. 5 and 0.637 were highly correlated, P < 0.01; the correlation between climbing time and each index, climbing time and crossing number, the number of modification times and the correlation coefficient r of erect times were 0.194,0.454 and 0.399, respectively. The correlation coefficient of climbing time and vertical movement was r= 0.469, P < 0.05; static time and each finger. The correlation coefficient of the standard, the correlation coefficient of the rest time and the number of crossing rows is r= 0.477, P < 0.05; the correlation coefficient r of the vertical number and the vertical motion is 0.672, 0.654 and 0.792, respectively. The relationship between the residence time of the P < 0.01. and the above indexes is 0.139, 0.158 and 0.154, respectively. Learning meaning.
(2) according to the duration of the active and passive behavior of the rats in the last stress task, the rats in the experimental group were redivided into the active behavior group and the passive sexual behavior group. The active sexual behavior group standard: the active exercise time was more than 30s in the last swimming stress, or the number of times more than 10 times (a total of 8); the passive sexual behavior entered the group. Criteria: active swimming time was less than 30s in the last swimming stress, or less than 10 times (a total of 10).
(3) the central lattice stay time (3 + 0.6) and passive sexual behavior group (4.9 + 2) were higher than those of the control group (2.4 + 0.4) after stress, but there was no statistical difference between the groups, P=0.447, and the number of walking lattices (47.5 + 12.1) in the control group was significantly more than the passive sex group (15.4 + 4.4), P=0.003, compared with the active behavior group (27.4 + 4.2). There was no difference between the active behavior group and the passive sex group, the vertical number of active behavior group (5.9 + 1.8) was more than that of the passive sex group (2.1 + 0.7) and the control group (3.2 + 0.3), but there was no statistical difference. The exercise volume of the control group (50.7 + 12.3) was significantly higher than that of the passive sex group (17.5 + 4.9), P=0.004, initiative. The sexual behavior group (33.3 + 5.2) had no statistical difference compared with the control group and the passive sex group; the vertical movement of the passive sex group (5.6 + 0.9) was significantly lower than the active behavior group (12.3 + 3.4), P=0.007, and the control group (10.2 + 0.8), and the number of modifications (3.5 + 0.6) in the passive behavior group was less than that of the control group (7 + 0.7). There was no difference between the active behavior group (6.4 + 1.9) and the control group and the passive sex group (6.4 + 1.9), the active behavior group (1.5 + 0.6), the passive sex group (2.9 + 0.7) and the control group (1.7 + 0.6). There was no statistical difference between the groups (P=0.260).
(4) the concentration of serum corticosterone in the passive behavior group (846.393 + 58.094 ng / ml) after stress was significantly higher than that in the active behavior group (508.843 + 12.010 ng / ml) and the control group (191.599 + 47.526 ng / ml), P was 0.007 and 0, respectively, and the active sex group was higher than the control group, P= 0.022..
(5) the comparison of the absolute volume of the hippocampus: the volume of the left hippocampus in the control group (69.552 + 1.705) was not significantly different from the active behavior group (68.912 + 2.264) and the passive sex group (64.241 + 2.247). The volume of the right hippocampus in the control group (71.905 + 1.541) and the active sex group (70.062 + 2.129) was significantly greater than that of the passive behavior group (63.702 + 1.705) (63.702 + 1.705). 629), P is 0.006 and 0.017., respectively.
Relative volume: the relative volume of the left hippocampus in the active behavior group (0.075 + 0.006) was greater than that of the passive behavior group (0.065 + 0.008), and P was 0.006. The relative volume of the right hippocampus in the control group (0.072 + 0.005) and the active behavior group (0.077 + 0.007) was greater than that of the passive behavior group (0.064 + 0.006), and the P was 0.024 and 0, the control group and the initiative. There was no significant difference in sexual behavior between the two groups.
(6) the relative level of bilateral hippocampal NAA in the control group (left: 1.304 + 0.088, right: 1.268 + 0.070) was significantly higher than that in passive behavior group (left: 1.107 + 0.103; right: 1.119 + 0.133), and P in 0.004 and 0.021, respectively, and there was no statistics in the active sexual group. Learning differences.
(7) the absolute concentration of NAA in the left hippocampus of the control group (7.143 + 0.366) was higher than that of the passive behavior group (5.874 + 0.451), P=0.044, the active behavior group (6.419 + 0.310) and the two groups had no statistical difference. The NAA / Cr ratio, the control group (1.323 + 0.094) was higher than the passive sex group (1.110 + 0.160), P=0.015, active sexual behavior group (1.222 + 0.154). There is no statistical difference compared with the two.
(8) the analysis of interaction between stress intensity and behavioral response: Central lattice residence time, number of crossing lines, vertical times, times of modification, number of defecation particles, vertical movement, exercise, bilateral hippocampal volume, level of metabolites in bilateral hippocampal region, serum corticosterone concentration and the results of hippocampal metabolite level in vitro determination results have not been found to be interactive.
Conclusions: (1) in the forced swimming test, the active behavior of stress rats has a positive correlation with the number of rows in the open field test, the number of erection and the modification behavior. The passive behavior of stress rats is negatively related to the number of rows in the open field test, the number of erection and the behavior of the modification.
(2) behavioral responsiveness can be used as an ideal behavioral indicator for evaluating rats with forced swimming stress.
(3) compared with the active behavior stress rats, the autonomic exploration activity of the stress rats with passive behavior decreased, the level of the main stress hormones increased significantly, the volume of the hippocampus reduced and the metabolite level decreased.
(4) factorial analysis shows that there is no interaction between stress intensity and behavioral responsiveness, indicating that behavioral responsiveness plays an independent role.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：汕頭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：D919.3

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