發(fā)布時間：2018-05-16 13:23

  本文選題：恐怖主義犯罪 + 反恐機(jī)制　； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 恐怖主義作為一種社會現(xiàn)象,已經(jīng)對人類的和平和安全構(gòu)成了嚴(yán)重的威脅,被稱為20世紀(jì)的“政治瘟疫”,是“一場永無休止的地下世界大戰(zhàn)”。特別是美國遭受的“9·11”恐怖襲擊事件極大地震撼了全世界,再一次給世界各國敲響了警鐘。面對這場國際恐怖主義帶來的沉重災(zāi)難,世界各國迅速作出反應(yīng),采取了一系列反恐措施,加大對恐怖主義及其活動的打擊力度,掀起了一股國際反恐怖主義熱潮。此外,“9·11”事件將恐怖主義活動推到了一個前所未有的高峰,恐怖主義成為人類的公敵,威脅著國際社會的和平與安全。進(jìn)入新世紀(jì)以來,恐怖主義有愈演愈烈的趨勢,逐步向規(guī)模升級、危害加劇的方向發(fā)展。隨著現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,恐怖分子所使用的武器也日新月異地發(fā)生著變化,頻繁出新;同時,核生化武器相關(guān)技術(shù)的擴(kuò)散加劇,再加上核生化恐怖活動的成本低、殺傷面積大,越來越受到恐怖分子的青睞。因此,可以預(yù)見,恐怖主義的手段將會越來越“高明”,防范控制的難度將會越來越大。 在我國西部,新疆、西藏等地的“東突”勢力、“藏獨”勢力、“疆獨”等民族分裂勢力、極端宗教勢力的存在,使得我國的社會穩(wěn)定遭到了極大的威脅,而這種威脅正是恐怖主義犯罪的威脅。由于恐怖主義犯罪的國際化,境外“東突”勢力向我國境內(nèi)的滲透,以及國際恐怖主義組織的資金資助和扶持,使得我國受到的恐怖主義威脅長期存在。 為了防止恐怖主義犯罪帶來巨大危害,各個國家都在積極采取防范、控制措施,制定法律、調(diào)整政策、建立專門隊伍等,來預(yù)防和控制恐怖主義犯罪的蔓延,嚴(yán)厲打擊恐怖主義犯罪。例如,美國制定了《愛國者法》、《反恐怖主義法》,英國制定了《公共緊急安全法》等反恐法律規(guī)范,日本、印度、德國也新制定或修改了本國的反恐怖法或其它相關(guān)法律,并依照法律構(gòu)建了本國的反恐機(jī)制,使其能夠有效運行,有效抵制恐怖主義犯罪�？紤]到各種恐怖勢力是人類和平與安全的共同威脅,打擊恐怖主義是世界各國面臨的共同任務(wù),使得各國的反恐機(jī)制具有一定共性。因此,我們可以通過對國外反恐機(jī)制進(jìn)行比較研究,找到反恐機(jī)制構(gòu)建中的一些共同規(guī)律,為國內(nèi)反恐機(jī)制的構(gòu)建提供參考與借鑒。我國理論界應(yīng)未雨綢繆,在分析恐怖主義犯罪、研究國外反恐機(jī)制的基礎(chǔ)上,認(rèn)識恐怖主義犯罪的本質(zhì),分析其成因及發(fā)展脈絡(luò),建立一套科學(xué)、完整、實用的反恐怖機(jī)制,為實務(wù)部門提供參考藍(lán)本,以期對反恐實踐工作有所指導(dǎo)和幫助。 本文主要分為兩個部分,六個章節(jié): 第一部分由第一章和第二章組成。 第一章——反恐機(jī)制的概述,主要是對恐怖主義犯罪的概念、恐怖主義犯罪的特征、恐怖主義犯罪的類型,以及反恐機(jī)制的體系結(jié)構(gòu)做一整體介紹。本章節(jié)的目的是求從宏觀上掌握恐怖主義犯罪及反恐機(jī)制的內(nèi)涵和外延。 第二章——國外反恐機(jī)制的構(gòu)建,作為“他山之石”,吸取國外的成功經(jīng)驗,同時也防止出現(xiàn)他們的教訓(xùn)。這一章節(jié)主要介紹了美國、英國、俄羅斯及印度的反恐機(jī)制建設(shè)的情況。其中,美國作為遭受恐怖主義襲擊最嚴(yán)重的國家之一,在組建反恐部隊、反恐機(jī)制建設(shè)等各個方面都有先進(jìn)、可取之處,值得我們學(xué)習(xí)和借鑒。 第二部分由第三章、第四章、第五章和第六章組成,這四個章節(jié)是對第一部分第一章中反恐體系機(jī)構(gòu)的擴(kuò)展、細(xì)化和深入論述,詳細(xì)講解反恐機(jī)制這一系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成要素和體系。 第三章——我國反恐機(jī)制構(gòu)建中的主體問題,從組建反恐隊伍到人員選拔,以及指揮人員的確定都做了詳細(xì)的闡述,以求在我國建立精良的反恐隊伍。 第四章——我國反恐預(yù)防與控制機(jī)制的構(gòu)建,這一章節(jié)從預(yù)防恐怖主義犯罪的重要性說開,具體分析恐怖主義犯罪產(chǎn)生的原因,找到其發(fā)生的根源,才能做到“有的放矢”,引入先進(jìn)的分形理論預(yù)測、預(yù)防恐怖主義犯罪的發(fā)生和發(fā)展,運用社會治安綜合治理的原理對社會重點地區(qū)、重點場所、重點人口進(jìn)行有效控制,不給恐怖主義分子以可乘之機(jī)。 第五章——我國反恐預(yù)警機(jī)制的構(gòu)建,從恐怖主義犯罪的發(fā)生瞬間起迅速組織人力控制恐怖主義犯罪,杜絕其危害性進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大,從而引出反恐預(yù)案的設(shè)計,“打有準(zhǔn)備之仗”,預(yù)想恐怖主義犯罪發(fā)生的情況,進(jìn)行有針對性地布控和預(yù)案設(shè)計,各個部門應(yīng)立即采取行動,以最快的速度找出處理事件最合適的方式、方法,將恐怖事件帶來的災(zāi)害降低到最小程度。本章主要以爆炸類和劫持人質(zhì)類恐怖主義犯罪為例論述預(yù)案的設(shè)計。 第六章——恐怖犯罪偵查打擊機(jī)制,“情報是防御的前沿”,反恐偵查最重要的是恐怖主義犯罪情報的搜集,只有獲得正確、精準(zhǔn)的情報才能有效地打擊恐怖主義犯罪。這一章從情報的重要性展開,論述情報的搜集手段和使用方法。在搜集和使用情報的方法上,引用了先進(jìn)的情報搜集理論,“構(gòu)建反恐情報鏈”、建立“情報全面識別系統(tǒng)”、“威脅分析”、“第三方規(guī)則”等。在恐怖主義犯罪的打擊上,切斷恐怖犯罪的資金來源,對可疑賬戶、可疑款項跟蹤監(jiān)控顯得尤為重要。此外,傳統(tǒng)的偵查方法,在恐怖主義犯罪發(fā)生之后的偵破過程中也起著不可忽視的作用,調(diào)查訪問、訊問、現(xiàn)場勘查以及搜查等措施手段的運用,對于偵破案件起著不可估量的作用�？植乐髁x犯罪分子在“窮途末路”時,會利用人質(zhì)與反恐部門進(jìn)行“談判”、拿人質(zhì)相要挾,因此,劫持人質(zhì)的手段、方法以及注意事項應(yīng)當(dāng)備受關(guān)注。
[Abstract]:Terrorism, as a social phenomenon, has posed a serious threat to the peace and security of mankind. It is called the "political plague" of twentieth Century. It is "an endless world war". In particular, the "9. 11" terrorist attacks in the United States shook the world and once again struck the world. In the face of the heavy disaster caused by international terrorism, the countries of the world responded quickly, adopted a series of counter-terrorism measures, intensified their efforts to combat terrorism and its activities, and set off an international anti terrorist upsurge. In addition, the "9. 11" incident pushed terrorism to an unprecedented peak. Terrorism has become a public enemy of human beings, threatening the peace and security of the international community. Since the new century, terrorism has been growing in a growing trend, gradually upgrading to scale, and developing the direction of serious harm. With the rapid development of modern science and technology, the weapons used by terrorists have changed in a new moon. At the same time, the proliferation of nuclear, biological and chemical weapons related technology, coupled with the low cost of nuclear and chemical terrorism and large area of killing, is becoming more and more popular with terrorists. Therefore, it is foreseeable that the means of terrorism will become more and more "bright", and the difficulty of prevention and control will become more and more difficult.
In Western China, Xinjiang, Tibet and other places, the "East Turkistan" forces, the "Tibetan independence" forces, the "Xinjiang independence" and other ethnic separatists, the existence of extreme religious forces, made the social stability of our country a great threat, and this threat is a threat to terrorism. The infiltration of force into the territory of our country and the funding and support of international terrorist organizations have caused the threat of terrorism in China for a long time.
In order to prevent the great harm of terrorist crimes, all countries are actively taking precautions, controlling measures, formulating laws, adjusting policies and establishing special teams to prevent and control the spread of terrorist crimes and crack down on terrorist crimes. For example, the United States has formulated the Patriot Act, the Anti Terrorism Law, and the United Kingdom enacted < The law of the public emergency safety law, such as the anti-terrorism legal norms, Japan, India and Germany have also formulated or amended their own anti terrorist law or other relevant laws, and established their own counter-terrorism mechanism in accordance with the law so that they can operate effectively and effectively resist terrorist crimes. Considering the common threats to peace and security of human beings, the various terrorist forces are a common threat. To combat terrorism is a common task facing all the countries of the world, making the anti-terrorism mechanism of all countries common. Therefore, we can find some common laws in the construction of anti-terrorism mechanism by comparative study of foreign counter-terrorism mechanism, and provide reference and reference for the construction of counter-terrorism mechanism in China. On the basis of analyzing terrorism crime and studying foreign counter-terrorism mechanism, we can understand the essence of terrorism crime, analyze its causes and development context, establish a set of scientific, complete and practical anti terrorist mechanism, and provide reference for practical departments in order to guide and help the practice of counter-terrorism.
This article is divided into two parts, six chapters:
The first part is composed of the first and second chapters.
The first chapter, the overview of the anti-terrorism mechanism, mainly introduces the concept of terrorism crime, the characteristics of terrorism crime, the type of terrorism crime and the system structure of the anti-terrorism mechanism. The purpose of this chapter is to grasp the connotation and extension of terrorism crime and anti-terrorism mechanism from the macro level.
The second chapter, the construction of foreign counter-terrorism mechanism, as a "stone of other mountains", absorb the successful experience of foreign countries, and also prevent their lessons. This chapter mainly introduces the construction of anti-terrorism mechanism in the United States, Britain, Russia and India. The United States is one of the most serious countries that have suffered terrorist attacks, in the group. We should learn and draw lessons from building up anti-terrorism forces, building anti-terrorism mechanisms and so on.
The second part is composed of third chapters, fourth chapters, fifth chapters and sixth chapters. The four chapters are the expansion, refinement and in-depth discussion of the anti-terrorism system in the first chapter of the first chapter, and the detailed explanation of the elements and systems of the anti-terrorism mechanism.
The third chapter, the main issue in the construction of anti-terrorism mechanism in China, from the formation of anti terrorist team to personnel selection, and the determination of the commanders in detail, in order to establish a sophisticated counter-terrorism team in our country.
The fourth chapter, the construction of anti-terrorism prevention and control mechanism in our country, this chapter starts from the importance of the prevention of terrorism crime, analyzes the causes of terrorism crime and finds the root of its occurrence, so as to achieve "targeted", introduce advanced fractal theory to predict the occurrence and development of terrorism crime. With the principle of comprehensive administration of social security, we must effectively control the key areas, key places and key population of the society, and do not give the terrorists any opportunity.
The fifth chapter, the construction of our country's anti-terrorism early warning mechanism, from the moment of the terrorist crime to organize the human control of the terrorism crime quickly, to eliminate the further expansion of its harmfulness, thus leads to the design of the anti-terrorism plan, "fight for the war of preparation", and preview the situation of the crime of terrorism. In the design of the case, each department should take action immediately to find the most suitable way to deal with the event at the fastest speed, and to minimize the disaster caused by the terrorist incident. This chapter mainly discusses the design of the plan with the case of explosion and hostage taking as an example.
The sixth chapter - the attack mechanism of terrorist crime investigation, "intelligence is the frontier of defense", the most important thing in the investigation of anti terrorism investigation is the collection of terrorist criminal intelligence. Only by obtaining correct, accurate information can effectively combat terrorism crime. This chapter from the importance of intelligence, discusses the means of collecting information and the methods of use. In the method of collecting and using information, it quotes advanced information collection theory, "construction of anti terrorism intelligence chain", "intelligence comprehensive identification system", "threat analysis", "third party rules" and so on. In the attack of terrorism crime, the funds of terrorist crimes are cut off, and suspicious accounts, suspicious accounts tracking and monitoring are particularly important. In addition, the traditional methods of investigation also play an important role in the detection of terrorist crimes. The use of survey visits, interrogation, scene investigation and search and other measures play an immeasurable role in the detection of cases. The negotiations with the counter terrorism department are threatening the hostages. Therefore, the means, methods and precautions of hostage taking should be paid close attention to.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：D631

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 許善品;論中印反恐合作[D];上海師范大學(xué);2011年

2 吳助斌;長沙市城市反恐問題研究[D];湖南大學(xué);2011年

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本文編號：1896968