發(fā)布時間：2018-04-25 02:00

  本文選題：情境預防 + 常規(guī)性行為理論��； 參考：《北京大學》2005年碩士論文

【摘要】：犯罪是和平時期對人類社會存續(xù)發(fā)展的最大威脅,控制犯罪是一個國家不可推卸的責任,同時也是許多學者研究的焦點,自近代犯罪學的誕生到二十世紀的六七十年代,有許多犯罪學家提出了自己的犯罪控制理論。但這些理論不外乎兩個模式:傳統(tǒng)模式和激進模式,前者關注對人的控制或改造,后者則強調(diào)對社會進行改良或革命,但是這兩種模式都沒有能夠遏制犯罪的高漲。這時一些在實務部門工作的學者經(jīng)過對犯罪控制實踐得失的總結,探索出了一條新的犯罪控制之路——情境預防,即通過對犯罪可能發(fā)生于其中的具體情境進行改造,以增加犯罪難度和風險,減少犯罪收益的途徑減少犯罪機會,從而預防犯罪的發(fā)生。經(jīng)過最近三十多年的探索和積累,情境預防已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為一個成熟的理論體系,這表現(xiàn)在擁有一個科學的理論背景,一套經(jīng)過實踐檢驗的技術措施,一種科學的研究方法以及可靠的評估手段,也為犯罪控制提供了一條新的道路。目前處于轉型時期的中國正面臨著犯罪日趨增加的困擾,徹底和系統(tǒng)的研究情境預防,為更加功利主義的控制犯罪有著不可低估的意義和影響,這也是本文所要追求的目標。本文的結構大體如下:首先將情境預防納入到犯罪控制理論模式的歷史演變中去,從而突現(xiàn)了其與以往犯罪控制模式的差異;緊接著探討了情境預防的本體性問題,即其理論框架、技術手段、研究方法以及績效評估,本文對這些問題進行了系統(tǒng)地梳理,盡管看上去或許有些繁瑣;再次介紹了情境預防所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)以及其對挑戰(zhàn)的回應,這一部分所探討的問題事關情境預防的安身立命,但常常被國內(nèi)的不少學者所忽略,本文試圖彌補這種遺憾,對情境預防所面臨最致命的挑戰(zhàn)進行了討論。接下來作者也指出了情境預防目前所面臨的問題和困難,以及其出現(xiàn)對刑事政策的影響,試圖讓人們對這種新的犯罪控制模式有一個全方位的了解;最后作者聯(lián)系中國的實際情況,探討了情境預防在中國的理論發(fā)展狀況和實踐應用狀況,以期望以一種世界性的眼光來研究中國的問題。
[Abstract]:Crime is the greatest threat to the development of human society in peacetime. The control of crime is a country's unshirkable responsibility. At the same time, it is also the focus of many scholars' research. From the birth of modern criminology to the 1960s and 1970s of the 20th century, Many criminologists have put forward their own theory of crime control. But these theories are no more than two models: the traditional model and the radical model, the former focusing on the control or transformation of human beings, the latter emphasizing the improvement or revolution of the society, but neither of these two models has been able to contain the upsurge of crime. At this time, some scholars who work in practical departments have summed up the gains and losses of the practice of crime control, and have explored a new road of crime control-situational prevention, that is, by reforming the specific situations in which crime may occur. In order to increase the difficulty and risk of crime, reduce the proceeds of crime to reduce the opportunity of crime, so as to prevent the occurrence of crime. After more than 30 years of exploration and accumulation, situational prevention has developed into a mature theoretical system, which is manifested in the possession of a scientific theoretical background and a set of technical measures that have been tested in practice. A scientific research method and reliable evaluation method also provide a new way for crime control. At present, China is faced with the problem of increasing crime in the period of transition. The thorough and systematic research on situational prevention is of great significance and influence for more utilitarian crime control, which is also the goal of this paper. The structure of this paper is as follows: firstly, the situational prevention is brought into the historical evolution of the crime control theory model, thus the difference between the situational prevention model and the previous crime control mode is highlighted, and then the Noumenon of situational prevention is discussed. That is, its theoretical framework, technical means, research methods and performance evaluation. This paper systematically combs these problems, though it may seem a bit cumbersome, and introduces the challenge of situational prevention and its response to the challenge. This part is concerned with the problem of situational prevention, but it is often ignored by many domestic scholars. This paper tries to make up for this regret and discusses the most fatal challenge to situational prevention. Then the author also points out the problems and difficulties of situational prevention and its influence on criminal policy, trying to make people have a comprehensive understanding of this new crime control model; Finally, the author discusses the development of situational prevention theory and its application in China in the light of the actual situation in China, and hopes to study the problems in China from a worldwide perspective.
【學位授予單位】：北京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2005
【分類號】：D917.6

【引證文獻】

相關期刊論文 前3條

1 鄧小俊;;“犯罪的一般理論”視野下未成年人犯罪原因及防控對策[J];青少年犯罪問題;2012年05期

2 龐晰月;;論盛會期間安保工作中情境預防的運用——以深圳大運“百日行動”的理性分析為參考[J];黑龍江省政法管理干部學院學報;2012年03期

3 倪春樂;;犯罪市場與情境控制——農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營權流轉中的犯罪問題研究[J];政法學刊;2010年06期

相關博士學位論文 前1條

1 馬瑞;城市“易犯罪”空間研究[D];清華大學;2010年

相關碩士學位論文 前3條

1 馬健;犯罪情境預防的理論與實踐[D];華東政法大學;2010年

2 康家盛;論盜竊犯罪情景預防[D];湘潭大學;2011年

3 汪瀲滟;試論犯罪被害預防研究的新路徑—被害情境[D];南昌大學;2012年

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本文編號：1799234