本文選題：勞動教養(yǎng)制度 + 保安處分��； 參考：《蘭州大學》2007年碩士論文

【摘要】： 現(xiàn)行的勞動教養(yǎng)制度是我國一項維護社會治安的重要法律制度，但是隨著中國加入相關(guān)的國際人權(quán)公約以及“依法治國”和“尊重和保障人權(quán)”等重要法治理念的憲法化，法學界對該制度的主要缺陷取得了較為一致的看法，但對該制度的存廢則產(chǎn)生了很大的爭議。因而，在目前新的勞動教養(yǎng)法規(guī)還沒有出臺之際，筆者愿舊題重議，對現(xiàn)行勞動教養(yǎng)制度改革的相關(guān)問題提出一些粗淺的看法，以就教于學界同仁。 全文共分四個部分： 第一章我國勞動教養(yǎng)制度概述。首先對我國勞動教養(yǎng)制度的歷史沿革進行了闡述，并對該制度的法律特征進行了歸納總結(jié)，最后對勞動教養(yǎng)制度的性質(zhì)闡述了筆者的看法，進行了評析。 第二章我國勞動教養(yǎng)制度的主要缺陷及其成因。首先指出了現(xiàn)行勞教制度存在的兩大缺陷：侵犯人權(quán)以及違背行政法治、行政公正原則，并從理論層面上對其缺陷進行成因分析，指出對自由和平等理念的漠視導致該制度極易侵犯人權(quán)；對程序正義理念的漠視導致法律監(jiān)督的缺位；違背行政法治和行政公正原則導致行政自由裁量權(quán)被濫用，處分過分嚴厲化。 第三章勞動教養(yǎng)國外相關(guān)制度的比較研究。該章對西方輕罪制度進行了簡要的介紹和評析，并與中國的勞動教養(yǎng)制度進行比較；同時對西方保安處分制度的歷史發(fā)展、不同的立法模式進行了介紹，并歸納出司法適用的一般條件，也與中國勞動教養(yǎng)制度進行了異同比較。 第四章勞動教養(yǎng)制度的改革方向及具體法律對策。該章首先對勞動教養(yǎng)制度保留并強化的觀點進行了質(zhì)疑和批判，認為該觀點是錯誤的，現(xiàn)行的勞動教養(yǎng)制度必須廢除；其次對優(yōu)化中國勞動教養(yǎng)制度的三種主要路徑進行了可行性分析，認為將勞動教養(yǎng)制度完全輕罪化是不符合中國實際的，主張對勞動教養(yǎng)對象實行完全的行政處罰化和保安處分化的觀點也有以偏概全的不足之處， 最后筆者主張廢除我國現(xiàn)行的勞動教養(yǎng)制度，根據(jù)原勞動教養(yǎng)對象的不同特點分別實行行政強制措施化和保安處分化。緊接著提出了具體的法律對策，從實體上和程序上給出了相應的方案，特別主張對賣淫、嫖娼、吸毒人員決定收容處遇的過程中引入聽證程序；對常習性違法行為人和輕微犯罪人決定教養(yǎng)處遇的過程中引入簡易程序和一定條件下的書面審程序。
[Abstract]:The current system of re-education through labour is an important legal system for maintaining public order in China. However, with China's accession to the relevant international human rights conventions and the constitutionalization of the important legal concepts of "governing the country according to law" and "respecting and protecting human rights",The scholars of law have reached a consensus on the main defects of the system, but there is a great dispute about its existence or abolition.Therefore, at present, when the new laws and regulations of re-education through labor have not been issued, the author would like to rediscuss the old topic and put forward some superficial views on the reform of the current system of re-education through labor, in order to teach his colleagues in the academic circles.The full text is divided into four parts:The first chapter summarizes the system of reeducation through labor in China.Firstly, this paper expounds the historical evolution of the system of reeducation through labor in China, and summarizes the legal characteristics of the system. Finally, it expounds the author's views on the nature of the system of re-education through labor and evaluates it.The second chapter is about the main defects and causes of reeducation through labor system in China.First of all, it points out the two defects of the current re-education through labor system: violating human rights, violating the principle of administrative rule of law and administrative justice, and analyzes the causes of its defects from the theoretical level.It is pointed out that the disregard for the concept of freedom and equality leads to the system's easy violation of human rights, the disregard of the concept of procedural justice leads to the absence of legal supervision, the violation of the principle of administrative rule of law and administrative justice leads to the abuse of administrative discretion.The punishment was too severe.The third chapter is a comparative study of the relevant systems of reeducation through labor abroad.This chapter briefly introduces and evaluates the western misdemeanor system, and compares it with the Chinese reeducation through labor system. At the same time, it introduces the historical development and different legislative models of the western security punishment system.And summarized the general conditions of judicial application, and also compared with the system of reeducation through labor in China.The fourth chapter reform direction and concrete legal countermeasure of reeducation through labor system.At first, this chapter questions and criticizes the viewpoint that the system of reeducation through labor is retained and strengthened, which is wrong, and the current system of reeducation through labor must be abolished.Secondly, it analyzes the feasibility of three main ways to optimize China's reeducation through labor system, and concludes that it is not in line with the reality of China to make the reeducation through labor system a complete misdemeanor.There are also shortcomings in advocating complete administrative punishment and division of security services for the object of re-education through labour.Finally, the author proposes to abolish the current system of reeducation through labor in our country, and carry out administrative coercive measures and division of security department according to the different characteristics of the original object of re-education through labor.Then put forward the specific legal countermeasures, from the substantive and procedural aspects of the corresponding program, especially for prostitution, whoring, drug addicts in the process of deciding to accept the introduction of hearing procedures;The summary procedure and the written procedure under certain conditions are introduced in the process of the decision of the offender and the minor offender in the correctional service.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：D926.8

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本文編號：1771207