發(fā)布時間：2018-04-13 03:24

  本文選題：發(fā)展犯罪學 + 青少年犯罪��； 參考：《徐州師范大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：國內(nèi)外的犯罪統(tǒng)計都發(fā)現(xiàn)青少年犯罪高峰現(xiàn)象,也就是青少年期的犯罪率遠高于其他年齡層。根據(jù)發(fā)展犯罪學的觀點,不同年齡層的違法犯罪行為原因不同。那么,童年期和青少年期的違法犯罪行為的影響因素自然也不一樣。發(fā)展犯罪學認為這些影響因素來自多方面,主要包含生物因素、心理因素和社會因素。Moffitt(1993)認為青少年犯罪人中包含兩種犯罪人:終生持續(xù)型犯罪人(life-course-persistent offenders)和限于青春期型犯罪人(adolescent-limited offenders)。前者主要是由某些神經(jīng)心理功能上的問題(如低自我控制)與易發(fā)生犯罪的環(huán)境(如不良的家庭和學校因素)相互作用所造成的;后者主要是受成熟代溝(maturity gap)的影響,也就是青少年在青春期生理成熟時產(chǎn)生成人角色需求,但是這種需求又被社會所限制而引發(fā)叛逆行為。Moffitt認為成熟代溝是限于青春期型犯罪人的犯罪動機,他們通過對犯罪同輩的模仿產(chǎn)生犯罪行為。本研究從個體自我控制、父母教養(yǎng)方式、學校適應、同輩關(guān)系以及成熟代溝五個方面來探究青少年犯罪高峰現(xiàn)象的成因。 本研究以上海市未成年犯管教所181名15-21歲的男性青少年犯為有效研究對象。首先通過相關(guān)分析和階層回歸分析,分別考察了童年期和青少年期的違法犯罪行為影響因素。同時,按一定標準從被試中抽取18名具有終生持續(xù)傾向的犯罪人和44名限于青春期傾向的犯罪人,來近似地代替終生持續(xù)型犯罪人和限于青春期型犯罪人。接著,對這兩種犯罪人在各影響因素上進行差異性比較;后又分別通過相關(guān)分析和階層回歸分析來進一步尋找兩種犯罪人違法犯罪行為的主要預測因素。本研究所得結(jié)論如下: 1.青少年違法犯罪行為的發(fā)生率呈大幅增加趨勢。進入青春期之后,參與違法犯罪行為的人數(shù)明顯增多。青少年期的違法犯罪行為遠比童年期違法犯罪行為嚴重得多。 2.童年期的違法犯罪行為和青少年期的違法犯罪行為既有相同的影響因素,又有不同的影響因素。同輩關(guān)系可以顯著預測童年期的違法犯罪行為,尤以變量“叛逆之交”為主。早期因素(自我控制、父母教養(yǎng)方式和學校適應)和青春期因素(同輩關(guān)系和成熟代溝)都可以預測青少年期的違法犯罪行為,主要預測變量包括:“恒毅性”、“父親情感疏離”、“官能需求”、“叛逆之交”、“不良交友方式”、“母親支持防護”。 3.可能是受樣本容量較小的情況所限,終生持續(xù)型犯罪人和限于青春期型犯罪人僅在“刺激尋求”和“叛逆之交”這兩項特質(zhì)上差異顯著。終生持續(xù)型犯罪人比限于青春期型犯罪人更喜歡追求刺激;同時,終生持續(xù)型犯罪人比限于青春期型犯罪人更容易結(jié)交一些有叛逆言行的同輩朋友。 4.對于終生持續(xù)型犯罪人而言,“官能需求”可以顯著正向預測其違法犯罪行為,但是預測力不穩(wěn)定;“母親不管教”可以顯著負向預測其違法犯罪行為,預測力穩(wěn)定。 5.對于限于青春期型犯罪人而言,“官能需求”和“官能限制”可以顯著正向預測其違法犯罪行為。
[Abstract]:Crime statistics at home and abroad have found that the peak is also the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency, juvenile delinquency rate is far higher than other age groups. According to the development of criminology, criminal acts of different age groups have different reasons. Then the influence factors of childhood and adolescent illegal crime is the natural development of criminology that are not the same. These factors from many aspects, including biological factors, psychological factors and social factors (.Moffitt 1993) that contains two juvenile offenders offenders: life-long criminals (life-course-persistent offenders) and adolescent limited criminals (adolescent-limited offenders). The former is mainly composed of some neuropsychological function problems (such as low self control) and prone to crime environment (such as poor family and school factors) interaction caused by the latter; Is the maturity gap (maturity gap) influence, is young people have the demand for adult roles in adolescence physiological maturity, but this demand and social restrictions caused by rebellious behavior.Moffitt think maturity gap is limited to the adolescent crime motive of crime, crime of crime by their peers from the imitation. Individual self-control, parenting style, school adjustment, peer relationships and maturity gap causes five aspects to explore the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency.
The research on Shanghai City juvenile correctional 181 15-21 year old male delinquents for research object. By correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis, we investigate factors of childhood and adolescent crimes. At the same time, according to certain standards from the subjects in the selected 18 has a lifelong tendency the offender and the 44 tendencies of the adolescent Limited offenders, to replace lifelong crime crime and adolescent limited. Then, comparison of these two kinds of criminals were different in the different influencing factors; and then respectively through the main prediction correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis to further search for two kinds of crime the criminal behavior factors. The conclusions of this study are as follows:
1., the incidence of juvenile delinquency increased significantly. After entering adolescence, the number of people involved in illegal activities increased significantly. Juvenile delinquency is far more serious than childhood offenses.
2. childhood and adolescent illegal crime criminal behavior has the same impact factors, and different factors. Peer relationships can significantly predict crimes in childhood, especially in the variable "deviant friends". Early factors (self-control, parenting style and school adaptation) and adolescent factors (peer relationships and maturity gap) can predict juvenile delinquency, the main variables include: "perseverance", "father's emotional alienation", "functional requirements", "Treason", "bad friends", "mother's support".
3. may be limited by the small sample size, lifelong crime and crime of adolescent limited people seek "only" stimulation and "Treason" of the two traits were significantly different. Lifetime criminals more love than the pursuit of stimulation type adolescent limited offenders; at the same time, lifelong type the crime are more likely to make some rebellious words and deeds of the peer than adolescent limited crime.
4., for lifelong persistent criminals, "functional needs" can significantly predict their illegal behaviors, but the prediction is not stable. "Mothers regardless of teaching" can significantly predict their illegal behaviors and predict their stability.
5. for juvenile delinquency, the "functional requirements" and "functional limitations" can significantly predict their criminal offenses.

【學位授予單位】：徐州師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D917.2;C913.5

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本文編號：1742713