發(fā)布時間：2018-03-24 12:59

  本文選題：法醫(yī)病理學(xué)　切入點：損傷生物力學(xué)　出處：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的應(yīng)用虛擬解剖三維重建方法及有限元法構(gòu)建人體軀干部有限元模型并模擬鈍力性損傷,分析生物力學(xué)指標的變化情況,以圖、表及動畫形式再現(xiàn)損傷過程,從受力-變形-損傷的角度研究人體胸廓、肝鈍力性損傷的主要損傷機制,為人體損傷重建提供新的思路和可靠的技術(shù)手段,為法庭舉證提供可視化的生物力學(xué)依據(jù)。 方法對尸體軀干部進行多層螺旋CT掃描,使用有限元建模軟件根據(jù)CT圖像數(shù)據(jù)對軀干部不同結(jié)構(gòu)進行三維重建并生成有限元模型,模型經(jīng)驗證后模擬胸廓右季肋部遭受速度為4m/s、6m/s與8m/s的鈍性物體正面擊打,分析胸廓受擊打后的應(yīng)力、應(yīng)變分布情況；模擬右下腹部遭受速度為4m/s、5m/s、6m/s、7m/s與8m/s的前側(cè)、右側(cè)與后側(cè)拳擊,分析胸、腹壁軟組織、胸廓及肝受擊打后的生物力學(xué)響應(yīng)情況,結(jié)合實際案例探索鈍力性肝損傷的成傷機制。 結(jié)果基于軀干部的CT掃描數(shù)據(jù)成功構(gòu)建解剖學(xué)高仿真度的人體軀干部有限元模型,包括胸、腹壁軟組織、胸廓、肝及胸、腹腔器官,模型體網(wǎng)格平均質(zhì)量0.7。生物力學(xué)分析結(jié)果顯示胸廓受擊打后發(fā)生局部彎曲及整體變形,應(yīng)力與應(yīng)變產(chǎn)生于初始打擊部位肋骨,后沿肋骨向兩側(cè)傳播,并于肋骨后側(cè)及近胸骨處集中,6m/s與8m/s的打擊速度可造成打擊部位肋骨應(yīng)變值超出相應(yīng)強度極限,發(fā)生骨折；拳擊腹部致肝損傷的主要原因即為肝受到肋骨的直接撞擊。肝的損傷程度與拳擊方向相關(guān),下腹部受到右側(cè)拳擊最易造成肝損傷,普通成年男性受到最低5m/s的右側(cè)拳擊時(動量為2.447kg. m/s)可致肝損傷,后側(cè)拳擊很難導(dǎo)致肝損傷。由于肝與肋骨具有不同的材料特性,拳擊致肝損傷時可不伴有肋骨骨折。 結(jié)論應(yīng)用虛擬解剖和有限元方法能夠建立符合真實情況的高質(zhì)量的人體軀干部三維有限元模型,且模型可用于分析鈍性外力作用下軟組織、胸廓、內(nèi)部器官等結(jié)構(gòu)的生物力學(xué)響應(yīng)情況,為鈍力性軀干部損傷的成傷機制研究提供了新的途徑和方法。
[Abstract]:Objective to construct the finite element model of human trunk and simulate blunt force injury by using virtual anatomy 3D reconstruction method and finite element method, and to analyze the changes of biomechanical indexes, and to reproduce the process of injury in the form of graph, table and animation. From the angle of force-deformation-injury, this paper studies the main injury mechanism of human chest and liver blunt force injury, which provides new ideas and reliable technical means for human body injury reconstruction, and provides visual biomechanical basis for court proof. Methods Multi-slice spiral CT scanning was performed on cadaver cadavers. Three dimensional reconstruction and generation of finite element models for different structures of cadavers were performed using finite element modeling software according to CT image data. The model was verified to simulate the frontal impact of blunt objects with a velocity of 4 m / s / s / 6 m / s and 8m/s, and to analyze the stress and strain distribution in the right lower abdomen at a speed of 4 m / s / s / 6 m / s and 6 m / s / 7 m / s, respectively, and to simulate the right lower abdomen being punched at a velocity of 4 m / s 5 m / s / s 6 m / s / 7 m / s with 8m/s, and right and back sides respectively. The biomechanical responses of chest, abdominal wall soft tissue, chest and liver were analyzed, and the injury mechanism of blunt force liver injury was explored in combination with practical cases. Results based on the CT scan data of trunk, the finite element model of human trunk was successfully constructed, including chest, abdominal wall soft tissue, chest, liver, chest and abdominal organs. The results of biomechanical analysis showed that local bending and global deformation occurred in the chest after hitting, and the stress and strain were produced in the initial impact part of the rib and propagated to both sides of the rib. The impact velocity of 6m / s and 8m/s at the posterior side of rib and near sternum can cause the strain value of the rib to exceed the corresponding strength limit and cause fracture. The main cause of liver injury caused by boxing abdomen is the direct impact of the ribs on the liver. The degree of liver injury is related to the direction of boxing, and the right side of the lower abdomen is the most likely to cause liver damage. Ordinary adult men can cause liver injury when they are punched on the right side of the lowest 5m/s (momentum is 2.447 kg 路m / s / s), but it is very difficult to cause liver injury in the rear side. Because the liver and rib have different material characteristics, the liver injury caused by boxing does not have rib fracture. Conclusion using virtual anatomy and finite element method, a high quality three-dimensional finite element model of human trunk can be established, and the model can be used to analyze soft tissue and chest under blunt external force. The biomechanical response of internal organs and other structures provides a new approach and method for the study of injury mechanism of blunt force trunk injury.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D919

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前4條

1 程黎明,賈連順,黃本才,朱川海,鄭本輝,梅炯,俞光榮,蔡宣松;下頸椎三維有限元模型的建立[J];第二軍醫(yī)大學(xué)學(xué)報;2003年03期

2 劉寧國;鄒冬華;許建榮;趙輝林;鄭劍;陳憶九;;影像學(xué)技術(shù)與尸體解剖在致傷方式鑒定中的應(yīng)用比較[J];法醫(yī)學(xué)雜志;2009年04期

3 謝江波;劉亞青;張鵬飛;;有限元方法概述[J];現(xiàn)代制造技術(shù)與裝備;2007年05期

4 劉安慶,張銀光,王春生,高培國,尚宏喜;人股骨生物力學(xué)特性的三維有限元分析[J];西安醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)報;2001年03期

，

本文編號：1658402