本文選題：Y染色體　切入點(diǎn)：STR　出處：《山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文

【摘要】： 目的:Y染色體多態(tài)性DNA遺傳標(biāo)記可以追溯人類的起源和進(jìn)化。越來(lái)越多的人類學(xué)家,應(yīng)用Y染色體多態(tài)性DNA遺傳標(biāo)記,通過(guò)計(jì)算不同群體間的遺傳距離和進(jìn)行聚類分析,來(lái)揭示不同群體的起源、進(jìn)化、遷移和親緣關(guān)系。同時(shí)在法醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)踐中,Y染色體DNA分析研究結(jié)果,可提高性犯罪案中混合斑跡男性物質(zhì)的分離率,父系親屬間親權(quán)關(guān)系鑒定,增加個(gè)人識(shí)別能力和非父排除能力,具有獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢(shì)。本研究還為保存、豐富中國(guó)南方漢族的基因提供了信息資源。 方法:本研究選擇了DYS19,DYS389Ⅰ,DYS389Ⅱ,DYS390,DYS391,DYS392,DYS393,DYS385a,b,DYS437,DYS438和DYS439共計(jì)11個(gè)Y-STR基因座,應(yīng)用PCR擴(kuò)增和毛細(xì)管電泳分離,得到Y(jié)-STR基因座分型。并從YCC系統(tǒng)樹(shù)中的幾個(gè)主要分支選擇了92R7、M103、M110、M111、M117、M119、M120、M122、M128、M130、M134、M139、M159、M15、M168、M175、M176、M178、M17、M214、M217、M231、M3、M45、M5、M50、M60、M7、M8、M88、M89、M9、M91、M95、M98、RPS4Y、SRYl532等37個(gè)SNP片段,應(yīng)用PCR擴(kuò)增直接測(cè)序方法得到38個(gè)SNP位點(diǎn)。研究了我國(guó)南方漢族50個(gè)樣本的Y-STR和Y-SNP擴(kuò)展單倍型。并應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法與50個(gè)北方漢族樣本的結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較。 結(jié)果:獲得了南方漢族Y-STR和Y-SNP的等位基因及單倍型頻率多態(tài)性分仃資料。50個(gè)男性無(wú)關(guān)個(gè)體,共檢測(cè)到了48種單倍型。11個(gè)Y-STR基因座共檢測(cè)到47種單倍型及2/1個(gè)等位基因,基因頻率分布在0.02-0.68之間,基因多樣性值(GD)分布在0.4772-0.9526之間;38個(gè)SNP位點(diǎn)共檢測(cè)到18種單倍型。 結(jié)論:直接測(cè)序法可以測(cè)定序列中的單個(gè)堿基,十分準(zhǔn)確、清晰的反應(yīng)出變異,大大增強(qiáng)了結(jié)果的分析性和可靠性,為法醫(yī)學(xué)混合斑中男性成分的個(gè)體識(shí)別和父系親緣關(guān)系鑒定提供了新的技術(shù)方法,具有實(shí)用價(jià)值。統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果數(shù)據(jù)表明,北方漢族與南方漢族在Y染色體遺傳基因上的遺傳距離較遠(yuǎn)。這對(duì)于進(jìn)一步開(kāi)發(fā)、利用中國(guó)漢族遺傳信息資源,具有廣泛的意義。
[Abstract]:Objective\\\. In order to reveal the origin, evolution, migration and kinship of different populations. Meanwhile, in forensic practice, the results of Y chromosome DNA analysis can improve the separation rate of mixed spot male substances and paternity identification among paternal relatives in sexual crime cases. This study also provides information resources for preserving and enriching the genes of Han nationality in southern China. Methods: a total of 11 DYS438 and DYS392DYS392DYS392DYS392DYS392DYS392DYS392DYS392DYS392DYS392DYS392DYS437DYS438 and DYS437DYS438 were selected. The Y-STR loci were amplified by PCR and separated by capillary electrophoresis. The Y-STR loci were sequenced from several main branches of the YCC system. 38 SNP loci were obtained by PCR amplification and direct sequencing. The Y-STR and Y-SNP extended haplotypes of 50 Han nationality samples from southern China were studied and compared with 50 samples of northern Han nationality by statistical method. Results: the data of allele and haplotype frequency polymorphism of Y-STR and Y-SNP in Southern Han nationality were obtained. 48 haplotypes were detected in 50 unrelated males and 47 haplotypes and 2 / 1 alleles were detected in 11 Y-STR loci. The gene frequency was between 0.02-0.68 and the gene diversity was between 0.4772-0.9526. 18 haplotypes were detected at 38 SNP loci. Conclusion: the direct sequencing method can be used to determine the single base in the sequence. It is very accurate and clearly reflects the variation, which greatly enhances the analytical and reliability of the results. It provides a new technical method for individual identification of male component and paternal kinship identification in mixed spot of forensic medicine, which is of practical value. The genetic distance between the northern Han and the southern Han on the Y chromosome is relatively long, which is of great significance for the further development and utilization of the genetic information resources of the Han nationality in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：D919

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