本文選題：司法鑒定　切入點(diǎn)：制度　出處：《中國政法大學(xué)》2004年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 在訴訟活動(dòng)中，司法鑒定在認(rèn)定案件事實(shí)和提供證據(jù)方面發(fā)揮著重要作用，但隨著社會(huì)的進(jìn)步和法制的不斷完善，現(xiàn)行的司法鑒定工作已不能適應(yīng)法制建設(shè)和司法實(shí)踐的需要，司法鑒定的很多弊端阻礙了司法鑒定的的科學(xué)發(fā)展和社會(huì)主義法制民主化、科學(xué)化的進(jìn)程。因此，改革完善我國現(xiàn)行的司法鑒定制度勢在必行。本文試從司法鑒定的性質(zhì)、弊端入手，論述我國司法鑒定中存在的主要問題及改革的構(gòu)想。 本文共分八個(gè)部分。 第一部分 司法鑒定的概念、性質(zhì)和功能。從目前對(duì)司法鑒定概念的不同學(xué)說中，概括出司法鑒定的概念；論述了司法鑒定的性質(zhì)是科技實(shí)證活動(dòng)；司法鑒定的功能是為案件的偵破提供線索，為定案提供證據(jù)，為案件核實(shí)其他證據(jù)提供依據(jù) 。 第二部分 兩大法系主要國家司法鑒定制度的比較。從鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)置和管理體制、鑒定機(jī)制、鑒定人資格、鑒定程序等幾個(gè)方面，論述了兩大法系主要國家司法鑒定制度的不同規(guī)定。 第三部分 我國司法鑒定制度的現(xiàn)狀、改革完善的必要性以及改革的原則和目標(biāo)。從司法鑒定立法嚴(yán)重滯后、機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置重復(fù)、無統(tǒng)一管理機(jī)構(gòu)、對(duì)鑒定人缺乏明確嚴(yán)格的管理體制、鑒定程序不完善、缺乏統(tǒng)一科學(xué)的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和操作規(guī)程方面，論述了我國司法鑒定制度的現(xiàn)狀；從實(shí)現(xiàn)公正與效率的世紀(jì)主題入手論述了司法鑒定改革完善的必要性；從立足現(xiàn)實(shí)、堅(jiān)持科學(xué)性、確保中立性的視角出發(fā) ，論述鑒定改革的原則及確保司法公正的終極目標(biāo)。 第四部分 司法鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置與管理體制的改革與完善。在分析集中型模式和分散性模式利弊的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合我國實(shí)踐，提出了“一元管理”、“多元并存”的鑒定體制。 第五部分 鑒定人制度的思考與完善。在歸納中外學(xué)者關(guān)于鑒定人含義的基礎(chǔ)上，論述了鑒定人的性質(zhì)應(yīng)定位于“訴訟參與人”。從完善鑒定人資格，選任制度、權(quán)利義務(wù)、法律責(zé)任等方面，論述了對(duì)鑒定人制度的改革完善。 第六部分 規(guī)范司法鑒定技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。從司法鑒定技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的概念、重要性和我國目前現(xiàn)狀方面，論述了規(guī)范司法鑒定技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的必要性，以及如何使司法鑒定技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)達(dá)到從技術(shù)上到程序上的科學(xué)性和統(tǒng)一性。 WP=5 第七部分 改革完善司法鑒定程序。從我國司法鑒定的啟動(dòng)程序、實(shí)施程序和落實(shí)鑒定人回避制度、初次鑒定和重新鑒定、司法鑒定期限等方面，論述了司法鑒定程序的改革與完善。 第八部分 完善鑒定結(jié)論的質(zhì)證、認(rèn)證程序。從建立司法鑒定結(jié)論審前展示程序和完善落實(shí)鑒定人出庭作證方面，論述了完善司法鑒定結(jié)論的質(zhì)證程序；從對(duì)鑒定結(jié)論的證據(jù)能力進(jìn)行認(rèn)證和對(duì)鑒定結(jié)論證據(jù)力的認(rèn)證的角度，，論述了完善司法鑒定結(jié)論的認(rèn)證程序。
[Abstract]:In the proceedings, judicial identification plays an important role in the facts and evidence, but with the social progress and improvement of legal system, the judicial authentication work current cannot meet the needs of the construction of legal system and judicial practice, many disadvantages of judicial identification in the end hindered the judicial identification of the scientific development and the socialist legal system democratic and scientific process. Therefore, the reform and consummation of China's current judicial identification system is imperative. This paper from the nature of judicial appraisal of malpractice, discusses the conception of main problems existing in China's judicial identification and reform.
This article is divided into eight parts.
The first part of the concept of judicial identification, nature and function. From the different theories on the concept of judicial identification, summarizes the concept of judicial identification; discusses the nature of judicial appraisal is an empirical science and technology activities; the function of judicial identification is detected for the case to provide clues, provide evidence for the case, provide the basis for the verification of other cases the evidence.
The second part is the comparison of the forensic identification system in the two main legal systems. From the establishment and management system of the accreditation body, the appraisal mechanism, the qualification of the appraiser and the identification procedure, this paper discusses the different provisions of the forensic identification system in the two main legal systems.
The third part of the status quo of China's judicial system, reform and perfect the necessity and principles of reform and goals. From the legislation of judicial expertise institutions is seriously lagging behind, repeat, no unified management mechanism, the lack of clear and strict management system identification, identification procedure is not perfect, the lack of unified technical standards and scientific operation rules. Discusses the status quo of China's judicial identification system; from the realization of justice and efficiency of the century theme discusses the necessity of reforming and perfecting the judicial identification; based on the reality, adhere to the scientific, to ensure the neutrality of the visual angle, discusses the identification principle of reform and ensure the ultimate goal of justice.
The fourth part is the reform and improvement of the establishment and management system of forensic expertise. Based on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the centralized mode and the decentralized mode, combined with the practice of our country, we put forward the identification system of "one yuan management" and "multiple coexistence".
With the perfection of the system of identification of the fifth part. The scholars both home and abroad based on the identification of the meaning, discusses the nature of appraiser should be defined in the "participants in the proceedings". From the improvement of the selection system, qualification, rights and obligations, legal responsibilities and other aspects, discusses the reform of the identification system.
The sixth part of the judicial authentication standard. From the concept of judicial identification of technical standards, the importance and the present situation of our country, discusses the necessity of regulating the judicial identification of technical standards, and how to reach the standard of judicial identification technology to the application of science and technology from unity.
WP=5
The seventh part is to reform and improve the judicial expertise procedure. From the start procedure, implementation procedure and implementation of appraiser challenge system, initial identification and re identification, and the period of judicial appraisal, we discuss the reform and improvement of judicial expertise procedure.
The eighth part is to improve cross examination, identification of the conclusions of the certification program. From the establishment of judicial appraisal conclusion of pretrial display procedures and improve the implementation of expert testimony, discusses how to perfect the judicial appraisal conclusion evidence procedure; authentication and the appraisal conclusion evidence certification from the appraisal conclusion evidence ability angle, discusses the perfection of the conclusion of judicial identification certification program.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類號(hào)】：D918.9

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 張玉鑲;司法鑒定學(xué)基本概念研究[J];中國司法鑒定;2001年01期

2 何家弘,劉昊陽;完善司法鑒定制度是科學(xué)證據(jù)時(shí)代的呼喚[J];中國司法鑒定;2001年01期

本文編號(hào)：1631033