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  本文關鍵詞： 強制偵查 法定主義 偵查程序　出處：《山東大學》2007年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 根據偵查行為是否由相對人自愿配合為前提可以將偵查行為分為強制偵查和任意偵查。強制偵查指為了收集或保全犯罪證據、查獲犯罪嫌疑人而通過強制方法對相對人進行的偵查,如強制到案(拘留、逮捕)、搜查、扣押、監(jiān)聽、強制提取體液樣品等等。由于強制偵查制度本身的特點,如果其被濫用,就會成為侵犯公民人身權、財產權以及隱私權等權利的工具。因此,為了防止刑事強制措施的濫用、保護犯罪嫌疑人的各項權利,強制偵查法定主義便應運而生。本文正是通過對強制偵查法定主義原則的全面考察,希望為我國的偵查程序改革提出一些有用的建議。 本文由導言、正文和結語組成,其中正文分為五部分進行論述。 第一部分論述的是強制偵查法定主義的基本內涵。首先,在考查了偵查的概念之后,對強制偵查和任意偵查的概念進行了進一步的分析。其次,在明確了強制偵查的概念之后,引出了強制偵查法定主義的概念,并介紹了不同國家強制偵查法定主義所遵循的幾種原則:任意偵查原則、強制偵查法定原則和相應性原則(又稱必要性原則或比例原則)。 第二部分論述的是強制偵查法定主義的理論基礎。具體說來,強制偵查法定主義的理論基礎主要可以概括為五項:人權保障的理念、程序正義的理論、權力制衡的理論、司法審查原則和遵守國際法的要求。 第三部分論述的是國外強制偵查法定主義的現狀。該部分不拘泥于從兩大法系對比的角度來研究西方國家強制偵查法治主義的問題,而是從侵犯人身權的強制偵查、侵犯財產權的強制偵查和侵犯隱私權的強制偵查三個方面來研究論述該問題.其中,侵犯人身權的強制偵查又可分為強制到案、訊問嫌疑人和審前羈押;侵犯財產權的強制偵查主要體現為搜查和扣押;侵犯隱私權的強制偵查體現為監(jiān)聽。 第四部分論述的是我國強制偵查悖離法定主義的具體表現及原因。首先,該部分簡要論述了我國強制偵查的現狀。其次,該部分論述了我國現實生活中存在的強制偵查悖離法治精神的問題。主要表現為超期羈押嚴重、留置盤問隨意性強、牽涉隱私權的強制偵查缺乏嚴肅性、監(jiān)視居住缺乏規(guī)范性、刑訊逼供屢禁不止、取保候審缺乏嚴肅性。最后,該部分分析了我國強制偵查悖離法定主義的原因,即刑事訴訟價值觀念的錯位和偵查構造模式的不合理。 第五部分論述的是強制偵查法定主義與我國偵查程序改革。該部分從完善法定強制措施體系、偵查權與羈押權分離、強制到案與羈押權分離、建立強制偵查司法審查制度、遏制刑訊逼供、建立保釋制度幾個方面對我國的偵查程序改革提出了相應的建議。
[Abstract]:According to the investigation whether the relative voluntarily match the premise of investigation can be divided into compulsory investigation and arbitrary investigation. Mandatory investigation refers to the collection or preservation of criminal evidence investigation, criminal suspects and seized by compulsory means relative to the custody (such as detention, arrest, search, seizure, monitoring), forced extraction fluid samples and so on. Because of the characteristics of the compulsory investigation system itself, if it is abused, it will become the infringement of citizens' personal rights, property rights and privacy rights tools. Therefore, in order to prevent the abuse of criminal coercive measures, to protect the rights of criminal suspects, the statutory mandatory investigation came into being. This article is through a comprehensive study on the mandatory investigation legal doctrine, hope to put forward some useful suggestions for China's reform of the procedure of investigation.
This article is composed of the introduction, the main body and the conclusion, and the text is divided into five parts.
The first part discusses the basic concept of the statutory mandatory investigation. Firstly, after the examination of the concept of the investigation, the concept of mandatory investigation and arbitrary investigation are further analyzed. Secondly, after defining the concepts of compulsory investigation, concept leads to the statutory mandatory investigation, and introduces several principles in different countries mandatory investigation legal doctrine follows: arbitrary detection principle, the principle of mandatory legal investigation and the corresponding principles (also known as the principle of necessity or proportionality principle).
The second part introduces the theoretical basis of the statutory mandatory investigation. Specifically, the theoretical basis of the statutory mandatory investigation can be summarized as the following five: the idea of human rights protection, procedural justice theory, the balance of power theory, the principle of judicial review and compliance with the requirements of international law.
The third part is to discuss the current situation of foreign compulsory legal doctrine. This part is not used to study western countries from the perspective of the two law schools of compulsory investigation of the rule of law, but the compulsory investigation from the violation of human rights, three aspects of Compulsory Investigative compulsory investigation of violations of property rights and privacy to study the issue. The mandatory investigation of violation of human rights can be divided into custody, detention and interrogation of suspects before trial; mandatory investigation of violations of property rights be divided into search and seizure; mandatory investigation of the violation of privacy is eavesdropping.
The fourth part introduces the specific performance and reasons of China's compulsory investigation deviating from legal doctrine. Firstly, this part briefly discusses the current situation of China's compulsory investigation. Secondly, this part discusses the reality of life in China compulsory investigation deviating from the spirit of the rule of law. Mainly for the serious extended detention, detention at random, the mandatory investigation involving privacy lack of seriousness, residential surveillance is lack of standardization, inquisition by torture repeated bail, the lack of seriousness. Finally, this part analyzes China's compulsory investigation deviating from legal reasons, including misplaced criminal values and unreasonable detect tectonic model.
The fifth part introduces the mandatory investigation legal doctrine and the reform of investigation procedure in our country. This part from perfecting the system of legal coercive measures, the separation of the power of investigation and custody, custody and custody rights, establish the judicial review system, to curb the inquisition by torture, the establishment of bail system and puts forward the corresponding suggestions to China the reform of the procedure of investigation.

【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：D918

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本文編號：1499120