本文關(guān)鍵詞： 鑒定 鑒定人(專家證人) 鑒定結(jié)論　出處：《中國政法大學》2006年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著社會的發(fā)展和科技的進步以及專業(yè)分工的細密,鑒定結(jié)論作為證據(jù)的獨立種類對案件事實認定的影響越來越大,訴訟活動越來越多地依賴鑒定人(專家)特有的專門知識、經(jīng)驗技能和判斷能力去發(fā)現(xiàn)真相。然而法律又擔心過分依賴鑒定結(jié)論,則會出現(xiàn)鑒定人(專家)代替事實審理者認定案件事實的危險。因此,構(gòu)建科學、合理的有關(guān)鑒定結(jié)論的程序性規(guī)則,通過一定的程序來擔保或抑制其引入弊端,則成為現(xiàn)代立法、司法亟待解決的問題。 本文共分為八個部分。它以基本概念作為研究的邏輯起點,從鑒定結(jié)論生成的緣由以及歷史發(fā)展的規(guī)跡預(yù)測其未來的走向,以鑒定啟動程序以及鑒定結(jié)論的生成、質(zhì)證、認證、救濟程序的架構(gòu)作為進路,在借鑒和吸收西方成功經(jīng)驗的基礎(chǔ)上,對我國鑒定結(jié)論的程序進行改造和整合,提出了完善鑒定結(jié)論程序規(guī)則的方案,為司法鑒定的立法和訴訟法的修改提供建設(shè)性的意見。 第一章緒論。本章以鑒定、鑒定人和鑒定結(jié)論的范疇作為邏輯聯(lián)線,通過對鑒定立法表述及其“偵查行為說”、“證據(jù)核實說”和“科技活動說”分歧的評價,將鑒定定性為“證據(jù)調(diào)查活動”。從鑒定人作為法官輔助人與證據(jù)方法的角色扮演中,分析出其角色中立與對立的原因,并預(yù)測出鑒定人由輔助人向證據(jù)方法轉(zhuǎn)化的趨勢。針對鑒定結(jié)論概念表述的缺陷,提出了修改為“鑒定人的意見”的立法概念。事實審理者在專門性問題上的無能與法律授權(quán)認定事實有能之間的緊張關(guān)系,以及證明責任規(guī)定與鑒定制度引入之間價值與成本的衡量,推導(dǎo)出鑒定結(jié)論作為獨立證據(jù)種類的緣由,也為證明責任的擺脫與鑒定結(jié)論的尋求提供了理論上的理由,并進一步說明研究此問題對立法、司法以及司法鑒定制度改革的意義。 第二章鑒定結(jié)論的演變歷史。本章追溯了證人證言孕育鑒定結(jié)論并漸漸與其脫離的歷史軌跡,以及鑒定結(jié)論與勘驗、檢查筆錄整合而走向分化的發(fā)展歷程,探討了鑒定結(jié)論作為獨立證據(jù)的歷史演變。鑒定結(jié)論作為獨立的證據(jù)種類被立法固定后,因其派生性引發(fā)了學者對其的爭論,在肯定、否定還是改造的路徑選擇上,論證了固守其獨立證據(jù)種類的必要性,提出了引入專家的必要性,并在鑒定實證分析的基礎(chǔ)上,預(yù)測出鑒定擴張使人證“復(fù)活”的悄然動向以及其未來的基本走勢。 第三章鑒定結(jié)論的證據(jù)屬性。本章對兩大法系鑒定結(jié)論(專家證言)的證據(jù)能力要件進行了分析,特別是對英美法系專家證言從一般接納法則到立法關(guān)聯(lián)性
[Abstract]:With the development of society and the progress of science and technology as well as the detail of professional division of labor, the independent category of appraisal conclusion as evidence has more and more influence on the determination of the facts of the case. Litigation is increasingly dependent on the expertise, experience and judgment of experts to discover the truth. However, the law is concerned about relying too much on expert conclusions. There will be the danger of experts (experts) replacing the fact adjudicators to determine the facts of the case. Therefore, we should construct scientific and reasonable procedural rules on the conclusion of the appraisal. It is an urgent problem for modern legislation and judicature to guarantee or restrain the introduction of malpractice through certain procedures. This paper is divided into eight parts. It takes the basic concept as the logical starting point of the study, and predicts its future trend from the origin of the identification conclusions and the historical development. In order to identify the initiation process and the identification of the formation, cross-examination, certification, relief procedures as a way, on the basis of learning and absorbing the successful experience of the West, the identification of the conclusion of our procedures for transformation and integration. This paper puts forward a scheme to perfect the rules of procedure of appraisal conclusion, and provides constructive suggestions for the legislative and procedural law revision of judicial expertise. The first chapter is introduction. This chapter takes the category of identification, appraiser and expert conclusion as the logical link, through the legislative expression of identification and its "theory of investigation behavior". The appraisal of "evidence verification theory" and "science and technology activity theory" defines the appraisal as "evidence investigation activity" from the role of judge assistant and evidence method. This paper analyzes the reasons of neutrality and antagonism of its role, and predicts the trend of the transformation of appraisers from auxiliaries to evidential methods, aiming at the defects of the conceptual expression of the identification conclusions. This paper puts forward the legislative concept modified as "expert opinion". The tension between the incompetence of the fact adjudicator on the issue of specialization and the ability of the legal authority to determine the fact is put forward. As well as the burden of proof and the introduction of the identification system between the value and cost of measurement, the identification of the conclusion as an independent type of evidence reasons. It also provides a theoretical reason for getting rid of the burden of proof and seeking the conclusion of identification, and further explains the significance of the study on this issue to the reform of legislation, judicature and judicial expertise system. The second chapter of the evolution of the conclusion of the history of identification. This chapter traces the identification of witness testimony and gradually divorced from the historical track, as well as the conclusion of identification and investigation, check the record integration and differentiation of the development process. This paper probes into the historical evolution of the appraisal conclusion as independent evidence. After the conclusion is fixed by legislation as an independent evidence type, it is affirmed by scholars because of its nature. On the path choice of negation or transformation, this paper demonstrates the necessity of sticking to the types of independent evidence, puts forward the necessity of introducing experts, and on the basis of empirical analysis of appraisal. Predict the quietly trend of appraisal expansion and its future basic trend. Chapter three is the evidence attribute of the expert conclusion. This chapter analyzes the evidential ability elements of the expert testimony of the two legal systems, especially the common law system expert testimony from the general rules of admission to the relevance of legislation
【學位授予單位】：中國政法大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：D918.9

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本文編號：1457760