建黨初期毛澤東領(lǐng)導(dǎo)湖南工人運(yùn)動(dòng)研究（1921-1923）
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-20 15:12
【摘要】：作為一個(gè)偉大的馬克思主義者和無產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命家、戰(zhàn)略家和理論家,毛澤東的歷史貢獻(xiàn)是多方面的。其中,毛澤東在建黨初期領(lǐng)導(dǎo)湖南工人運(yùn)動(dòng)的杰出表現(xiàn),在中國革命史和工人運(yùn)動(dòng)史上都寫下了極其光輝的一頁。建黨初期毛澤東領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的湖南工人運(yùn)動(dòng)有著十分深刻的歷史背景。其一,就階級(jí)狀況而言,湖南早期工人既具有強(qiáng)烈的反抗精神和光榮的革命傳統(tǒng),又存在隊(duì)伍不穩(wěn)定、產(chǎn)業(yè)工人數(shù)量少、思想和組織混雜并存的歷史局限。因此,在湖南領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和開展工人運(yùn)動(dòng),必須對工人的思想和組織進(jìn)行多方面的教育和改造。其二,就個(gè)人條件而言,到建黨前夕,毛澤東已經(jīng)成長為一個(gè)信仰堅(jiān)定、學(xué)識(shí)淵博、閱歷豐富、比較成熟的職業(yè)革命家,具備了領(lǐng)導(dǎo)湖南工人運(yùn)動(dòng)所需的素質(zhì)、能力和經(jīng)驗(yàn),并在湖南乃至全國都享有一定的社會(huì)聲望。其中,特別是在湖南從事工人運(yùn)動(dòng)的早期活動(dòng),為建黨初期毛澤東領(lǐng)導(dǎo)湖南工人運(yùn)動(dòng)奠定了良好的工作基礎(chǔ)。其三,就政治背景而言,建黨初期,中國共產(chǎn)黨把領(lǐng)導(dǎo)工人運(yùn)動(dòng)作為中心任務(wù),毛澤東擔(dān)任了領(lǐng)導(dǎo)湖南工人運(yùn)動(dòng)的一暗一明的雙重職務(wù)——中共湖南支部書記(1922年5月以后為中共湘區(qū)委員會(huì)書記)和中國勞動(dòng)組合書記部湖南分部主任(1922年11月以后為湖南全省工團(tuán)聯(lián)合會(huì)總干事)。建黨初期毛澤東領(lǐng)導(dǎo)湖南工人運(yùn)動(dòng)的主要活動(dòng),大致可以劃分為以下三個(gè)階段:第一個(gè)階段是組織準(zhǔn)備階段(1921.8-1922.8)。在這一階段,毛澤東先后派出多批黨員、團(tuán)員干部,深入產(chǎn)業(yè)和手工業(yè)工人群眾之中創(chuàng)辦所工人夜校,啟發(fā)工人群眾的階級(jí)覺悟。在此基礎(chǔ)上,建立在產(chǎn)業(yè)工人中建立工人俱樂部,在各行業(yè)手工業(yè)中建立工會(huì)。與此同時(shí),還通過團(tuán)結(jié)和爭取黃愛、龐人銓,改組了湖南勞工會(huì)。第二個(gè)階段是工運(yùn)高潮階段(1922.8-1923.1)。在這一階段,毛澤東根據(jù)中共中央和中國勞動(dòng)組合書記部的統(tǒng)一部署,開展勞動(dòng)立法運(yùn)動(dòng),由此拉開了湖南工人運(yùn)動(dòng)第一次高潮的序幕。先后發(fā)動(dòng)和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了10多次罷工斗爭,掀起了湖南工人罷工的第一次高潮。其中,粵漢鐵路工人大罷工、安源路礦工人大罷工、長沙泥木工人大罷工、水口山鉛鋅礦工人大罷工在全省乃至全國產(chǎn)生了重大影響,特別是安源路礦工人大罷工成為全國第一次工人運(yùn)動(dòng)高潮中的一面旗幟。為了適應(yīng)罷工斗爭日益高漲的形勢,毛澤東于1922年11月主持成立了湖南全省工團(tuán)聯(lián)合會(huì),實(shí)現(xiàn)了全省工人組織的統(tǒng)一。第三個(gè)階段是繼續(xù)發(fā)展階段(1923.2-1923.4)�！岸邞K案”之后,全國工人運(yùn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)入低潮。但是,在毛澤東的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和組織下,湖南工人運(yùn)動(dòng)仍然繼續(xù)發(fā)展。他一面領(lǐng)導(dǎo)湖南各界人民開展聲援京漢鐵路工人的運(yùn)動(dòng),一面及時(shí)為安源工人制定了“彎弓待發(fā)”的斗爭策略。接著,毛澤東又在湖南發(fā)起收回旅大運(yùn)動(dòng),并派遣水口山工人、共產(chǎn)黨員劉東軒、謝懷德回家鄉(xiāng)衡山岳北白果鄉(xiāng)開展農(nóng)民運(yùn)動(dòng),探索新的革命道路。建黨初期毛澤東領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的湖南工人運(yùn)動(dòng)具有十分重大而深遠(yuǎn)的歷史意義。第一,改變了湖南工人的狀況。這主要體現(xiàn)在:階級(jí)覺悟得到了普遍提高;組織狀況實(shí)現(xiàn)了空前大聯(lián)合;工人權(quán)益獲得了基本保障。第二,積累了領(lǐng)導(dǎo)工人運(yùn)動(dòng)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。主要有:建立和發(fā)展黨團(tuán)組織,加強(qiáng)黨對工人運(yùn)動(dòng)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo);利用湖南省憲法,把秘密工作寓于公開工作之中;深入工人群眾,用“接近群眾的方法”開展工作;提出“哀而動(dòng)人”的口號(hào),爭取社會(huì)各界的同情;講究罷工斗爭策略,確保罷工斗爭取得最終勝利。第三,推動(dòng)了中國革命的進(jìn)程。一是培養(yǎng)了一批領(lǐng)袖人物和大量革命骨干;二是播下了革命的火種;三是為毛澤東探索中國特色的革命道路提供了重要的實(shí)踐基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:As a great Marxist and the proletarian revolutionaries, strategists and theorists, Mao Zedong's historical contribution is manifold. Among them, Mao Zedong led the outstanding performance of Hunan worker's movement in the early stage of the founding of the Party, and wrote an extremely glorious page in the history of Chinese revolution and the history of the labor movement. The Hunan Workers' Movement, which was led by Mao Zedong in the early period of the founding of the Party, has a very deep historical background. First, in the case of class, the early workers in Hunan have both the strong resistance spirit and the glorious revolutionary tradition, but also the historical limitation that the team is not stable, the number of industrial workers is small, the thought and the organization are mixed with each other. Therefore, in the leadership and movement of the workers in Hunan, many aspects of education and transformation must be carried out on the workers' thought and organization. Second, on the eve of the party's condition, on the eve of the founding of the Party, Mao Zedong has grown into a strong, well-informed and rich and mature professional revolutionary, and has the quality, capability and experience required to lead the movement of Hunan workers. And has a certain social prestige in Hunan and even the whole country. Among them, in particular, the early activities of the workers in Hunan laid a good foundation for Mao Zedong to lead the movement of Hunan workers in the early stage of the Party's construction. Third, as far as the political background is concerned, the Communist Party of China (CPC), as a central task in the early period of the Party building, Mao Zedong held a double position to lead the movement of Hunan workers. The Secretary of Hunan Branch of the Communist Party of China (May,1922, the Secretary of the Hunan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China) and the Director of Hunan Branch of the Ministry of Labor of China (after November,1922, the Director-General of Hunan Provincial Federation of Industry and Technology). The main activity of Mao Zedong's leadership in Hunan Workers' Movement in the early period of the Party building is divided into the following three stages: the first stage is the preparation stage of the organization (1921.8-1922.8). During this stage, Mao Zedong sent a number of party members, members of the League members, in-depth industrial and handicraft workers to set up the night school of the workers, and inspired the class consciousness of the workers. On the basis of this, the establishment of a worker's club in industrial workers and the establishment of trade unions in the various trades and crafts. At the same time, the Hunan Labor Association was reorganized through solidarity and the struggle for Huang-ai and Ponzi. The second stage is the high-tide stage of the work and transportation (1922.8-1923.1). In this stage, Mao Zedong carried out the labor legislation movement according to the unified deployment of the CPC Central Committee and the Secretary of the Chinese Labor Union, thus opening the prelude to the first high tide of the Hunan worker movement. The first high tide of the strike of the workers in Hunan was launched and led by more than 10 strikes. Among them, the large strike of the Chinese railway workers, the strike of the People's Congress of the Anyuan Road, the strike of the Changsha-mud woodworker's National People's Congress, the strike of the large-scale strike of the water-mouth and lead-zinc workers in the whole province and even the whole country have had a major impact, In particular, that strike of the people's congress of the Anyuan road has become a flag in the first high-tide of the nation's first-time labor movement. In order to adapt to the rising situation of the strike, Mao Zedong, in November 1922, presided over the establishment of the Hunan Provincial Federation of Workers and Workers, and realized the unity of the workers' organization in the whole province. The third stage was the continuation of the development phase (1923.2-1923.4). After the "the two-seventh tragedy", the national labour movement was transferred to a low tide. However, under the leadership and organization of Mao Zedong, the Hunan Workers' Movement has continued to develop. On the one hand, he led the people of all walks of life in Hunan to carry out the campaign of solidarity with the workers of the Beijing-Han railway, and made the "bow" 's struggle strategy for the safety workers in time. On the other hand, Mao Zedong launched a large-scale movement in Hunan, and sent water-port mountain workers, Communist Party members Liu Dongxuan, and Xie Weide to go home to the village of Hengshan, in Hengshan, to carry out the peasant movement and explore the new revolutionary road. The Hunan Workers' Movement, which was led by Mao Zedong in the early period of the founding of the Party, has a great and far-reaching historical significance. First, the situation of the workers in Hunan is changed. This is mainly reflected in the general improvement of class consciousness, the unprecedented combination of the organizational situation and the basic guarantee of the workers' rights and interests. Secondly, the experience of leading the workers' movement is accumulated. It mainly includes: the establishment and development of the party organization, the strengthening of the party's leadership on the movement of the workers; the use of the constitution of Hunan Province to put the secret work in the public work; to go into the work of the masses of the workers and to use the methods of approaching the masses; to put forward the slogan of "mourning and touching", and to strive for sympathy from all walks of life; The strike-fighting strategy to ensure a final victory in the fight against the strike. Third, the process of the Chinese revolution is promoted. The first is to train a group of leaders and a large number of revolutionary backbones; the second is to sow the fire of the revolution; and the third is to provide an important practical basis for Mao Zedong to explore the revolutionary road with Chinese characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D231
本文編號(hào)：2503318
[Abstract]:As a great Marxist and the proletarian revolutionaries, strategists and theorists, Mao Zedong's historical contribution is manifold. Among them, Mao Zedong led the outstanding performance of Hunan worker's movement in the early stage of the founding of the Party, and wrote an extremely glorious page in the history of Chinese revolution and the history of the labor movement. The Hunan Workers' Movement, which was led by Mao Zedong in the early period of the founding of the Party, has a very deep historical background. First, in the case of class, the early workers in Hunan have both the strong resistance spirit and the glorious revolutionary tradition, but also the historical limitation that the team is not stable, the number of industrial workers is small, the thought and the organization are mixed with each other. Therefore, in the leadership and movement of the workers in Hunan, many aspects of education and transformation must be carried out on the workers' thought and organization. Second, on the eve of the party's condition, on the eve of the founding of the Party, Mao Zedong has grown into a strong, well-informed and rich and mature professional revolutionary, and has the quality, capability and experience required to lead the movement of Hunan workers. And has a certain social prestige in Hunan and even the whole country. Among them, in particular, the early activities of the workers in Hunan laid a good foundation for Mao Zedong to lead the movement of Hunan workers in the early stage of the Party's construction. Third, as far as the political background is concerned, the Communist Party of China (CPC), as a central task in the early period of the Party building, Mao Zedong held a double position to lead the movement of Hunan workers. The Secretary of Hunan Branch of the Communist Party of China (May,1922, the Secretary of the Hunan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China) and the Director of Hunan Branch of the Ministry of Labor of China (after November,1922, the Director-General of Hunan Provincial Federation of Industry and Technology). The main activity of Mao Zedong's leadership in Hunan Workers' Movement in the early period of the Party building is divided into the following three stages: the first stage is the preparation stage of the organization (1921.8-1922.8). During this stage, Mao Zedong sent a number of party members, members of the League members, in-depth industrial and handicraft workers to set up the night school of the workers, and inspired the class consciousness of the workers. On the basis of this, the establishment of a worker's club in industrial workers and the establishment of trade unions in the various trades and crafts. At the same time, the Hunan Labor Association was reorganized through solidarity and the struggle for Huang-ai and Ponzi. The second stage is the high-tide stage of the work and transportation (1922.8-1923.1). In this stage, Mao Zedong carried out the labor legislation movement according to the unified deployment of the CPC Central Committee and the Secretary of the Chinese Labor Union, thus opening the prelude to the first high tide of the Hunan worker movement. The first high tide of the strike of the workers in Hunan was launched and led by more than 10 strikes. Among them, the large strike of the Chinese railway workers, the strike of the People's Congress of the Anyuan Road, the strike of the Changsha-mud woodworker's National People's Congress, the strike of the large-scale strike of the water-mouth and lead-zinc workers in the whole province and even the whole country have had a major impact, In particular, that strike of the people's congress of the Anyuan road has become a flag in the first high-tide of the nation's first-time labor movement. In order to adapt to the rising situation of the strike, Mao Zedong, in November 1922, presided over the establishment of the Hunan Provincial Federation of Workers and Workers, and realized the unity of the workers' organization in the whole province. The third stage was the continuation of the development phase (1923.2-1923.4). After the "the two-seventh tragedy", the national labour movement was transferred to a low tide. However, under the leadership and organization of Mao Zedong, the Hunan Workers' Movement has continued to develop. On the one hand, he led the people of all walks of life in Hunan to carry out the campaign of solidarity with the workers of the Beijing-Han railway, and made the "bow" 's struggle strategy for the safety workers in time. On the other hand, Mao Zedong launched a large-scale movement in Hunan, and sent water-port mountain workers, Communist Party members Liu Dongxuan, and Xie Weide to go home to the village of Hengshan, in Hengshan, to carry out the peasant movement and explore the new revolutionary road. The Hunan Workers' Movement, which was led by Mao Zedong in the early period of the founding of the Party, has a great and far-reaching historical significance. First, the situation of the workers in Hunan is changed. This is mainly reflected in the general improvement of class consciousness, the unprecedented combination of the organizational situation and the basic guarantee of the workers' rights and interests. Secondly, the experience of leading the workers' movement is accumulated. It mainly includes: the establishment and development of the party organization, the strengthening of the party's leadership on the movement of the workers; the use of the constitution of Hunan Province to put the secret work in the public work; to go into the work of the masses of the workers and to use the methods of approaching the masses; to put forward the slogan of "mourning and touching", and to strive for sympathy from all walks of life; The strike-fighting strategy to ensure a final victory in the fight against the strike. Third, the process of the Chinese revolution is promoted. The first is to train a group of leaders and a large number of revolutionary backbones; the second is to sow the fire of the revolution; and the third is to provide an important practical basis for Mao Zedong to explore the revolutionary road with Chinese characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D231
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