新民主主義時(shí)期革命道德建構(gòu)的歷史考察
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-10 06:58
【摘要】：1840年鴉片戰(zhàn)爭后,中國出現(xiàn)了“數(shù)千年未有之變局”,以儒家“三綱五�！睘楹诵牡闹袊鴤鹘y(tǒng)價(jià)值觀和道德規(guī)范體系在遭遇西方文明的嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)后出現(xiàn)了危機(jī)。這種危機(jī)伴隨著近現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的重大歷史事件,步步加深,最終在五四運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)期出現(xiàn)坍塌。一個(gè)民族的發(fā)展不能出現(xiàn)價(jià)值觀信仰和道德的真空,要使中華民族走出危難,必須進(jìn)行道德建構(gòu)。中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的新民主主義革命,不僅進(jìn)行了制度革命,而且在中華民族找尋意義世界的緊要關(guān)頭,重建了倫理秩序。但是長期以來,共產(chǎn)黨人在新民主主義時(shí)期革命道德建構(gòu)問題并未受到學(xué)術(shù)界足夠的重視,倫理學(xué)界雖有關(guān)于“革命道德”的研究,但針對新民主主義時(shí)期系統(tǒng)而深入的專門研究尚不多見。本文參考學(xué)術(shù)界已有的相關(guān)研究成果,在認(rèn)真研讀原始文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,以革命道德建構(gòu)為重點(diǎn),對傳統(tǒng)道德危機(jī)的形成及其來源、革命道德建構(gòu)的內(nèi)涵與歷程、經(jīng)驗(yàn)與影響等進(jìn)行了較為系統(tǒng)的探析。本文認(rèn)為,道德建構(gòu)的問題與近代社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型一直相伴,只是國人對此的認(rèn)知經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)漫長的過程。其中,農(nóng)民階級(jí)和資產(chǎn)階級(jí)也有一些自覺與不自覺的思考,但最終開啟政治革命需要倫理道德演進(jìn)的覺悟、形成從觀念層面到實(shí)踐層面道德建構(gòu)模式的是中國共產(chǎn)黨。本文進(jìn)一步認(rèn)為,新民主主義時(shí)期是革命道德形成的重要時(shí)期,共產(chǎn)黨人在這一時(shí)期培育了共產(chǎn)主義理想信念,建立了新型倫理關(guān)系,發(fā)展了集體主義道德原則,形成了為人民服務(wù)的道德核心,確立了“四位一體”愛國主義道德要求并成功地進(jìn)行了道德治理的創(chuàng)新。革命道德建構(gòu)的每一界面都緊緊依隨新民主主義革命的斗爭實(shí)踐,形成了與革命任務(wù)相輔相成的歷史演進(jìn)歷程。仔細(xì)而又審慎地梳理這段建構(gòu)歷史,一條主線清晰呈現(xiàn):以道德建構(gòu)服務(wù)武裝斗爭,以武裝斗爭保障道德建構(gòu),革命與建設(shè)交相輝映,既占領(lǐng)革命的制高點(diǎn),又占領(lǐng)道義的制高點(diǎn)。本文還嘗試提煉革命道德建構(gòu)歷程中的一些規(guī)律性認(rèn)知,認(rèn)為新民主主義時(shí)期的革命道德建構(gòu)鮮明地體現(xiàn)了實(shí)踐性、人民性、科學(xué)性、民族性、層次性的價(jià)值取向與理論特征,也因之如此,它一枝獨(dú)秀于眾多在觀念中咀嚼的道德形態(tài)。最后,本文針對今日中國同處社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型期,亦有道德滑坡、利益糾葛的現(xiàn)實(shí),探討了新民主主義時(shí)期革命道德建構(gòu)對于當(dāng)代中國現(xiàn)代化轉(zhuǎn)型的意義和價(jià)值�？傊�,新民主主義時(shí)期革命道德建構(gòu)不僅是新民主主義革命不可分割的重要組成部分,更是中國特色社會(huì)主義道德建設(shè)的前提和基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:After the Opium War in 1840, China experienced "unprecedented changes in thousands of years", and the traditional Chinese values and ethics system with the core of Confucianism as the core appeared crisis after the severe challenge of Western civilization. With the great historical events of modern society, the crisis deepened step by step and finally collapsed during the May 4th Movement. The development of a nation cannot lead to a vacuum of values, beliefs and morality, and moral construction must be carried out in order to make the Chinese nation out of distress. The new democratic revolution led by the Communist Party of China not only carried out the institutional revolution, but also rebuilt the ethical order at the critical moment when the Chinese nation was looking for a meaningful world. However, for a long time, the issue of the construction of revolutionary morality among Communists in the new democratic period has not received enough attention from the academic community. Although the ethical circles have studied the "revolutionary morality", However, the systematic and in-depth research on the new democratic period is still rare. In this paper, referring to the relevant research results in academic circles, on the basis of studying the original literature, focusing on the construction of revolutionary morality, the paper discusses the formation and origin of the traditional moral crisis, the connotation and course of the construction of revolutionary morality. Experience and influence are analyzed systematically. This paper holds that the problem of moral construction has always been accompanied by the transformation of modern society, but the cognition of it has gone through a long process. Among them, the peasant class and the bourgeoisie also have some conscious and unconscious thinking, but it is the Communist Party of China that finally opens the political revolution needs the consciousness of the evolution of ethics and morals, and forms the moral construction model from the concept level to the practical level. This paper further holds that the new democratic period is an important period for the formation of revolutionary morality, in which the Communists cultivated the communist ideal and belief, established a new ethical relationship, and developed the moral principles of collectivism. It has formed the moral core of serving the people, established the "four-in-one" patriotic moral requirements and successfully carried out the innovation of moral governance. Every interface of the construction of revolutionary morality closely follows the struggle practice of the new democratic revolution and forms the historical evolution course which is complementary to the revolutionary task. Carefully and carefully combing the history of this period of construction, a main line clearly presents: serving armed struggle with moral construction, safeguarding moral construction with armed struggle, combining revolution with construction, occupying the commanding point of revolution. And occupy the high ground of morality. This paper also attempts to refine some regular cognition in the course of the construction of revolutionary morality, and holds that the construction of revolutionary morality in the new democratic period clearly embodies the value orientation and theoretical characteristics of practicality, people, science, nationality and hierarchy. As a result, it stands alone in many moral forms chewed in ideas. Finally, this paper discusses the significance and value of the construction of revolutionary morality in the new democratic period for the modern China's modernization transformation in view of the fact that there is also a decline in morality and conflicts of interests in the same period of social transformation in today's China. In short, the construction of revolutionary morality in the new democratic period is not only an integral part of the new democratic revolution, but also the premise and foundation of the moral construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D231;D64
，
本文編號(hào)：2321709
[Abstract]:After the Opium War in 1840, China experienced "unprecedented changes in thousands of years", and the traditional Chinese values and ethics system with the core of Confucianism as the core appeared crisis after the severe challenge of Western civilization. With the great historical events of modern society, the crisis deepened step by step and finally collapsed during the May 4th Movement. The development of a nation cannot lead to a vacuum of values, beliefs and morality, and moral construction must be carried out in order to make the Chinese nation out of distress. The new democratic revolution led by the Communist Party of China not only carried out the institutional revolution, but also rebuilt the ethical order at the critical moment when the Chinese nation was looking for a meaningful world. However, for a long time, the issue of the construction of revolutionary morality among Communists in the new democratic period has not received enough attention from the academic community. Although the ethical circles have studied the "revolutionary morality", However, the systematic and in-depth research on the new democratic period is still rare. In this paper, referring to the relevant research results in academic circles, on the basis of studying the original literature, focusing on the construction of revolutionary morality, the paper discusses the formation and origin of the traditional moral crisis, the connotation and course of the construction of revolutionary morality. Experience and influence are analyzed systematically. This paper holds that the problem of moral construction has always been accompanied by the transformation of modern society, but the cognition of it has gone through a long process. Among them, the peasant class and the bourgeoisie also have some conscious and unconscious thinking, but it is the Communist Party of China that finally opens the political revolution needs the consciousness of the evolution of ethics and morals, and forms the moral construction model from the concept level to the practical level. This paper further holds that the new democratic period is an important period for the formation of revolutionary morality, in which the Communists cultivated the communist ideal and belief, established a new ethical relationship, and developed the moral principles of collectivism. It has formed the moral core of serving the people, established the "four-in-one" patriotic moral requirements and successfully carried out the innovation of moral governance. Every interface of the construction of revolutionary morality closely follows the struggle practice of the new democratic revolution and forms the historical evolution course which is complementary to the revolutionary task. Carefully and carefully combing the history of this period of construction, a main line clearly presents: serving armed struggle with moral construction, safeguarding moral construction with armed struggle, combining revolution with construction, occupying the commanding point of revolution. And occupy the high ground of morality. This paper also attempts to refine some regular cognition in the course of the construction of revolutionary morality, and holds that the construction of revolutionary morality in the new democratic period clearly embodies the value orientation and theoretical characteristics of practicality, people, science, nationality and hierarchy. As a result, it stands alone in many moral forms chewed in ideas. Finally, this paper discusses the significance and value of the construction of revolutionary morality in the new democratic period for the modern China's modernization transformation in view of the fact that there is also a decline in morality and conflicts of interests in the same period of social transformation in today's China. In short, the construction of revolutionary morality in the new democratic period is not only an integral part of the new democratic revolution, but also the premise and foundation of the moral construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D231;D64
，
本文編號(hào)：2321709
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