【摘要】：1978年至1992年是中國共產(chǎn)黨知識(shí)分子政策史上值得關(guān)注的一個(gè)歷史階段。撥亂反正政策的落實(shí)和新的知識(shí)分子政策的出臺(tái)都在這一關(guān)鍵時(shí)期成功地實(shí)踐。在總結(jié)以往經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)基礎(chǔ)上，中國共產(chǎn)黨正確認(rèn)識(shí)知識(shí)分子和知識(shí)分子問題，從理解和關(guān)懷的角度，主動(dòng)改善與知識(shí)分子的關(guān)系，以解決知識(shí)分子實(shí)際困難入手，通過一系列政策的調(diào)整，不斷創(chuàng)造有利于知識(shí)分子能力和作用發(fā)揮的條件和環(huán)境。這一時(shí)期的知識(shí)分子政策鮮明地體現(xiàn)出中國共產(chǎn)黨正逐漸把知識(shí)分子問題放在“安邦興國”的高度，在“尊重知識(shí)、尊重人才”基本方針指導(dǎo)下，以積極的態(tài)度解決知識(shí)分子問題，充分調(diào)動(dòng)知識(shí)分子的積極性、主動(dòng)性和創(chuàng)造性，實(shí)現(xiàn)國家利益與知識(shí)分子價(jià)值共贏的發(fā)展思路。 中國共產(chǎn)黨和知識(shí)分子的關(guān)系直接影響到知識(shí)分子能動(dòng)作用的發(fā)揮，波及到國家的發(fā)展和社會(huì)的進(jìn)步。這種關(guān)系是通過知識(shí)分子政策不斷進(jìn)行調(diào)整的。這一時(shí)期，按國內(nèi)環(huán)境背景，可以細(xì)分為三個(gè)階段，每個(gè)階段都有不同的歷史任務(wù)需要解決。中國共產(chǎn)黨在這一時(shí)期對(duì)知識(shí)分子問題的思考，，主要?dú)w納如下：如何改善與知識(shí)分子的關(guān)系？如何發(fā)揮知識(shí)分子的作用？如何保障知識(shí)分子的權(quán)益？如何促進(jìn)知識(shí)分子的發(fā)展？在對(duì)這些問題的分析和解決的過程中，新時(shí)期中國共產(chǎn)黨知識(shí)分子政策形成和確立。 本文將從國內(nèi)環(huán)境背景中厘定知識(shí)分子政策出臺(tái)的現(xiàn)實(shí)依據(jù)；對(duì)政策文本主要內(nèi)容進(jìn)行闡述，廓清不同時(shí)期問題集中的領(lǐng)域和政策調(diào)控的重點(diǎn)；通過搜集整理真實(shí)論據(jù)來反映這一時(shí)期中國共產(chǎn)黨知識(shí)分子政策的實(shí)施效果并做簡單評(píng)述。本文綜合運(yùn)用系統(tǒng)研究法、個(gè)案研究法、比較研究法等方法，在對(duì)大量材料進(jìn)行梳理中完成對(duì)整體框架和內(nèi)容的理解與把握。 全文由緒論、正文四章、結(jié)語組成。 緒論部分，首先是闡釋問題的提出、選題的意義。其次是界定相關(guān)概念，明確研究對(duì)象。再次是研究基礎(chǔ)與學(xué)術(shù)史回顧。對(duì)本文理論性、科學(xué)性的必要支撐進(jìn)行說明，并闡述深入研究的必要性。最后是介紹本文的主要內(nèi)容、基本框架與創(chuàng)新之處，揭示本文的思考脈絡(luò)與內(nèi)在邏輯，并論證本文的研究價(jià)值。 第一章首先對(duì)中國共產(chǎn)黨知識(shí)分子政策的歷史沿革進(jìn)行闡述。之后，詳解在撥亂反正背景下的知識(shí)分子政策�；趯�(duì)知識(shí)分子階級(jí)屬性的正確認(rèn)知，中國共產(chǎn)黨從恢復(fù)知識(shí)分子名譽(yù)地位、改善知識(shí)分子待遇、重視知識(shí)分子培養(yǎng)、規(guī)范知識(shí)分子管理和使用幾個(gè)方面出臺(tái)了一系列政策，建立與知識(shí)分子的互信關(guān)系，為知識(shí)分子作用的發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造條件。 第二章闡述在全面調(diào)整和改革開放的歷史階段，圍繞建設(shè)有中國特色的社會(huì)主義的中心任務(wù)和發(fā)展目標(biāo)要求，秉持“尊重知識(shí)、尊重人才”的價(jià)值理念，中國共產(chǎn)黨從解決歷史遺留問題、提高知識(shí)分子的地位和待遇、推進(jìn)科教體制改革、加強(qiáng)知識(shí)分子隊(duì)伍建設(shè)方面，積極做好相關(guān)工作的落實(shí)，為知識(shí)分子施展才華營造更為寬松的環(huán)境。 第三章闡述在國內(nèi)外政治局勢(shì)趨于緊張、改革路遇深層次矛盾的困窘時(shí)期，中國共產(chǎn)黨明確提出知識(shí)分子是先進(jìn)生產(chǎn)力的開拓者，從而保證了政策的平穩(wěn)發(fā)展。中國共產(chǎn)黨從深化科技、教育、文化體制改革，高層次人才的優(yōu)待、管理和使用，引導(dǎo)知識(shí)分子合理流動(dòng)、保障知識(shí)分子權(quán)益幾個(gè)方面，適應(yīng)市場經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展要求全面優(yōu)化環(huán)境，通過健全法制保障知識(shí)分子權(quán)益，為促進(jìn)知識(shí)分子的全面發(fā)展開辟新路徑。 在第四章，筆者通過獲取和整理能夠反映當(dāng)時(shí)知識(shí)分子政策實(shí)施情況的政策文本、國家財(cái)政投入、教科文衛(wèi)事業(yè)發(fā)展、知識(shí)分子生存狀態(tài)的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)樣本，在實(shí)證研究視閾下進(jìn)行分析與闡釋，全面總結(jié)這一時(shí)期知識(shí)分子政策的績效。 最后，筆者結(jié)合實(shí)際，闡釋“尊重”應(yīng)有的涵義。 本文得出如下結(jié)論：理解和尊重知識(shí)分子自由而全面發(fā)展的重要性和規(guī)律性，是知識(shí)分子政策制定的合理性和政策執(zhí)行的實(shí)效性的前提�！白鹬亍钡牧⒁馐紫纫獜闹R(shí)分子主體性要求出發(fā)，準(zhǔn)確把握知識(shí)分子問題的實(shí)質(zhì)，強(qiáng)化知識(shí)分子參與政策制定的作用，以此構(gòu)建中國共產(chǎn)黨和知識(shí)分子互利共贏的和諧關(guān)系。其次，“尊重”的內(nèi)容要具體，尊重的層面要擴(kuò)大。在實(shí)踐中要善于發(fā)現(xiàn)問題并立足于解決問題的需要，使政策內(nèi)容具體化。要恰當(dāng)?shù)刂贫ㄏ嚓P(guān)配套措施，使政策的執(zhí)行具有可操作性。要針對(duì)不同群體、分類細(xì)化知識(shí)分子政策，使知識(shí)分子政策真正惠及到更多的領(lǐng)域和群體。再次，“尊重知識(shí)、尊重人才”的環(huán)境與氛圍的營造，要圍繞知識(shí)分子問題的解決，以求真務(wù)實(shí)的精神，不斷排解矛盾與阻障，積極創(chuàng)造知識(shí)分子作用發(fā)揮的條件。知識(shí)分子政策的落實(shí)需要有健全的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制、社會(huì)機(jī)制等方面的保障。要建立良好的運(yùn)行、監(jiān)督、反饋機(jī)制，保證政策效力的發(fā)揮和政策目標(biāo)的達(dá)成。最后，要適應(yīng)發(fā)展的需要，統(tǒng)籌現(xiàn)實(shí)需求，全面優(yōu)化環(huán)境。要不斷完善知識(shí)分子政策，保障知識(shí)分子權(quán)益，體現(xiàn)知識(shí)分子主體地位，創(chuàng)造人盡其才，各盡其能的良好局面。
[Abstract]:From 1978 to 1992 is a historic stage in the history of the intellectual policy of the Communist Party of China. The implementation of the policy of removing chaos from chaos and the introduction of the new policy of intellectuals have been successfully carried out in this critical period. From the angle of understanding and caring, the relationship between intellectuals and intellectuals should be improved actively to solve the practical difficulties of intellectuals. Through a series of policy adjustments, the conditions and environment conducive to the exertion of intellectuals'abilities and functions should be constantly created. The policy of intellectuals in this period clearly reflects that the Communist Party of China is gradually questioning intellectuals. Under the guidance of the basic principle of "respecting knowledge and talents", we should solve the problem of intellectuals with a positive attitude, fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of intellectuals, and realize the win-win development of national interests and intellectual values.
The relationship between the Communist Party of China and intellectuals has a direct impact on the active role of intellectuals, which affects the development of the country and the progress of society. This relationship is constantly adjusted through the policy of intellectuals. To solve this problem, the Communist Party of China's thinking on intellectuals in this period can be summarized as follows: how to improve the relationship with intellectuals? How to play the role of intellectuals? How to protect the rights and interests of intellectuals? How to promote the development of intellectuals? In the process of analyzing and solving these problems, the Communist Party of China in the new period The formation and establishment of the policy of Party intellectuals.
This paper will clarify the realistic basis of the policy of intellectuals from the domestic environment background; elaborate the main content of the policy text, clarify the areas of problem concentration and the key points of policy regulation and control in different periods; reflect the effect of the implementation of the policy of intellectuals of the Communist Party of China in this period by collecting and sorting out the real arguments and make it simple This paper comprehensively uses the methods of system research, case study and comparative study to complete the understanding and grasp of the overall framework and content in combing a large number of materials.
The full text is composed of the introduction, the four chapters and the epilogue.
In the introduction part, firstly, it explains the proposition of the problem and the significance of the topic selection. Secondly, it defines the relevant concepts and clarifies the object of study. Thirdly, it reviews the research foundation and academic history. It reveals the thinking context and internal logic of this article, and demonstrates the value of this study.
In the first chapter, the historical evolution of the intellectuals policy of the Communist Party of China is expounded firstly, and then the intellectuals policy under the background of rectifying the chaos is explained in detail.Based on the correct knowledge of the class attributes of intellectuals, the Communist Party of China restores the status of intellectuals, improves the treatment of intellectuals, attaches importance to the cultivation of intellectuals and standardizes A series of policies have been issued on the management and use of intellectuals to establish mutual trust with them and create conditions for them to play their roles.
Chapter Two expounds that in the historical stage of comprehensive adjustment and reform and opening up, the Communist Party of China resolves the problems left over by history, improves the status and treatment of intellectuals, and advances the reform of science and education system in accordance with the central task of building socialism with Chinese characteristics and the requirements of development objectives and the values of "respecting knowledge and respecting talents". Strengthen the construction of intellectuals, actively do a good job in the implementation of relevant work, to create a more relaxed environment for intellectuals to display their talents.
Chapter Three expounds the dilemma in which the political situation at home and abroad tends to be tense and the road to reform encounters deep-seated contradictions. The Communist Party of China clearly puts forward that intellectuals are the pioneers of advanced productive forces, thus ensuring the smooth development of policies. To guide the rational flow of intellectuals, protect the rights and interests of intellectuals, to meet the requirements of the development of the market economy, to optimize the environment in an all-round way, to protect the rights and interests of intellectuals by improving the legal system, and to open up a new path for promoting the all-round development of intellectuals.
In the fourth chapter, the author summarizes the performance of the intellectual policy in this period by acquiring and sorting out the relevant data samples which can reflect the implementation of the intellectual policy, the state financial input, the development of the educational, cultural and health undertakings, and the survival status of the intellectuals.
Finally, the author explains the meaning of "respect" according to reality.
This paper draws the following conclusions: Understanding and respecting the importance and regularity of intellectual freedom and all-round development is the premise of the rationality of intellectual policy making and the effectiveness of policy implementation. Secondly, the content of "respect" should be specific, and the level of respect should be expanded. In practice, we should be good at finding problems and basing on the need to solve problems, so that the policy content can be concretized. The implementation of the policy is operable. We should classify and refine the policies of intellectuals according to different groups, so that the policies of intellectuals can really benefit more fields and groups. Thirdly, the construction of the environment and atmosphere of "respecting knowledge and talents" should focus on the solution of the problems of intellectuals, in order to seek truth and pragmatism, and constantly resolve contradictions and obstacles. The implementation of intellectuals'policies requires sound economic systems and social mechanisms. A sound operation, supervision and feedback mechanism should be established to ensure the effectiveness of the policies and the achievement of policy objectives. Finally, it is necessary to meet the needs of development, balance the actual needs and optimize them in an all-round way. Environment. We should constantly improve the policy of intellectuals, safeguard their rights and interests, embody the status of intellectuals as the main body, and create a good situation in which people do their best and do their best.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D232;D663.5

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