發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-25 06:03

【摘要】：當(dāng)代中國文字改革,既是對(duì)近代以來在中國面臨被世界列強(qiáng)瓜分的嚴(yán)重危機(jī)下興起的文字改革思潮與實(shí)踐的繼承和發(fā)展,又是對(duì)對(duì)近代以來文字改革思潮與實(shí)踐的揚(yáng)棄。中國共產(chǎn)黨繼承、發(fā)展其中的合理部分,揚(yáng)棄、摒棄其中的激進(jìn)、錯(cuò)誤主張,使當(dāng)代中國文字改革取得前所未有的成功,成為中國百年文字改革上最輝煌的一章。論文以1949-1986年間中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)開展新中國文字改革的三大任務(wù)(即整理和簡化漢字、推廣普通話、制定和推行《漢語拼音方案》)為主要研究對(duì)象,系統(tǒng)考察當(dāng)代中國文字改革理論與實(shí)踐的來龍去脈和改革發(fā)展的曲折歷程,客觀評(píng)價(jià)當(dāng)代中國文字改革所取得的巨大成就和所發(fā)揮的重要影響,并深刻分析當(dāng)代中國文字改革工作中的缺陷不足,從中總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn),以期對(duì)當(dāng)代語言文字工作有所啟示。 論文共分為八個(gè)部分。緒論部分主要闡述選題的緣由和研究的意義,本選題的海內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀述評(píng),論文的研究思路、方法和基本框架,并對(duì)論文的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)和創(chuàng)新之處作了說明。 第一章主要回顧近代以來至新中國成立前夕文字改革的歷史。先是梳理清朝末年、民國初年、五四時(shí)期至上個(gè)世紀(jì)二三十年代的文字改革思潮和文字改革運(yùn)動(dòng)中的理論主張和實(shí)踐情況,然后追溯民主革命時(shí)期中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)進(jìn)行文字改革的主要?dú)v程,指出中國共產(chǎn)黨的文字改革思想和理論是對(duì)近代以來文字改革探索的繼承、揚(yáng)棄和發(fā)展,而中國共產(chǎn)黨在根據(jù)地所推行的文字改革實(shí)踐為當(dāng)代中國文字改革積累了寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)。 第二章論述當(dāng)代中國開展文字改革的歷史背景和中國共產(chǎn)黨對(duì)文字改革的戰(zhàn)略認(rèn)識(shí)。一是分析新中國成立初期文字改革的理論準(zhǔn)備,包括對(duì)馬克思主義語言文字理論、近代以來文字改革理論以及對(duì)文字發(fā)展規(guī)律的認(rèn)識(shí)等；二是闡述文字改革的時(shí)代需求,主要分析當(dāng)時(shí)中共將文字改革提上日程所面臨的國內(nèi)外形勢(shì)——新中國建設(shè)的需要和當(dāng)時(shí)世界范圍內(nèi)拼音化文字改革的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。 第三章記述1949-1978年社會(huì)主義革命和建設(shè)時(shí)期文字改革工作的全面展開,重點(diǎn)梳理中共在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)文字改革過程中如何確定文字改革的目標(biāo)和文字改革三大任務(wù),文字改革工作如何掀起高潮、在調(diào)整鞏固中穩(wěn)步前進(jìn),并在“文化大革命”時(shí)期和兩年徘徊時(shí)期在低潮中蹣跚前行,展現(xiàn)新中國文字改革所取得的偉大成就和所走過的曲折歷程。 第四章考察1979-1986年黨對(duì)建國以來文字改革工作進(jìn)行的反思和新時(shí)期文字改革工作方針的調(diào)整。主要分析改革開放新形勢(shì)下黨和政府對(duì)文字改革“拼音化”方向、是否要繼續(xù)推進(jìn)文字改革工作等問題的反思,以及根據(jù)新形勢(shì)需要對(duì)新時(shí)期語言文字工作方針?biāo)龀龅恼{(diào)整,包括廢除“文化大革命”時(shí)期制訂的《第二次漢字簡化方案(草案)》,完成文字改革工作的撥亂反正；召開1986年全國語言文字工作會(huì)議,確立新時(shí)期語言文字工作方針,將新時(shí)期語言文字工作重點(diǎn)由文字改革轉(zhuǎn)向加強(qiáng)語言文字的規(guī)范化和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。 第五章按專題概述1986年以后的新時(shí)期語言文字工作的主要內(nèi)容和成就。由于這一時(shí)期的語言文字工作的重點(diǎn)已經(jīng)不是文字改革,因此對(duì)這一時(shí)期的工作不作全面深入研究,而是從中共中央對(duì)新時(shí)期語言文字工作的重視和支持、大力推廣積極普及普通話、努力推進(jìn)漢字規(guī)范化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化建設(shè)、繼續(xù)推行并完善《漢語拼音方案》、積極開辟中文信息處理工作新局面這五個(gè)方面來概述這一時(shí)期的語言文字工作情況。 第六章對(duì)當(dāng)代中國文字改革作出總體評(píng)價(jià)。論文采取辯證唯物主義和歷史唯物主義的原則,對(duì)當(dāng)代中國文字改革的性質(zhì)和特點(diǎn)、成就和影響予以客觀評(píng)價(jià),分析當(dāng)代文字改革工作存在的不足和缺點(diǎn),在此基礎(chǔ)上總結(jié)對(duì)當(dāng)前語言文字工作的若干啟示。 結(jié)束語部分主要對(duì)目前學(xué)術(shù)界關(guān)于文字改革等問題的繼續(xù)探索,即“中國語文現(xiàn)代化”研究進(jìn)行評(píng)述,并對(duì)如何大力推進(jìn)語文現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的探索提出了三點(diǎn)建議。
[Abstract]:The reform of contemporary Chinese characters is not only the inheritance and development of the ideological trend of thought and practice, but also the development of the thought and practice of the text reform, which is in the face of the serious crisis that China has been divided in the world since modern times. It is also an abandonment to the trend of thought and practice of the modern word reform. The Chinese Communist Party inherits and develops its reasonable part, sublate and discard the radical and wrong of the Chinese Communist Party. By mistake, we have made unprecedented success in the reform of contemporary Chinese characters and become the most brilliant chapter in the reform of Chinese writing. The paper mainly studies the three major tasks of the reform of new Chinese characters led by the Communist Party of China in the past 1949-1986 years, namely, to organize and simplify Chinese characters, to popularize Putonghua, to formulate and carry out the Chinese phonetic scheme. This paper systematically investigates the tortuous course of the theory and practice of the contemporary Chinese character reform and its reform and development, objectively appraise the great achievements and important influences in the reform of contemporary Chinese characters, and deeply analyze the shortcomings in the reform work of contemporary Chinese characters, and summarize the experiences and lessons from it, with a view to the contemporary language. The work of words is enlightening.
The thesis is divided into eight parts. The introduction part mainly expounds the origin and significance of the topic, the review of the present research status at home and abroad, the research ideas, methods and the basic framework of the thesis, and explains the key, difficult and innovative points of the paper.
The first chapter reviews the history of the text reform on the eve of the founding of the new China, the first is to comb the end of the Qing Dynasty, the first year of the Republic of China, the 54 period in the first century in the 20s and 30s, the theory of theory and practice in the movement of text reform, and then to trace the Chinese Communist Party leadership in the period of the democratic revolution. The main course of the reform points out that the thought and theory of the Chinese Communist Party's text reform is the inheritance, abandonment and development of the exploration of the literary reform since modern times, and the practice of the Chinese Communist Party in the base areas has accumulated valuable experience teaching for the reform of the contemporary Chinese characters.
The second chapter discusses the historical background of the contemporary Chinese language reform and the strategic understanding of the Chinese Communist Party on the reform of the text. One is to analyze the theoretical preparation of the text reform in the early days of the founding of new China, including the Marx theory of language and characters, the theory of the reform of words and the understanding of the law of the development of characters in modern times, and the two is to elaborate. The demand of the time of the reform of the text mainly analyzes the domestic and foreign situation facing the agenda of the Chinese Communist Party at that time - the need for the construction of new China and the trend of the reform of the phonetic alphabetic writing in the world.
The third chapter describes the overall expansion of the text reform in the period of 1949-1978 years of socialist revolution and construction, focusing on how to determine the three tasks of the Chinese Communist Party in the process of leading character reform, how to set up the three tasks of the reform of the text, how to set off a climax in the work of the text reform, and make a steady progress in the adjustment and consolidation, and in the "Cultural Revolution" The period and the two-year wandering period stumble forward in the low tide, showing the great achievements and tortuous course of the literary reform in New China.
The fourth chapter examines the party's reflection on the reform of the text since the founding of the people's Republic of China in the past 1979-1986 years and the readjustment of the policy on the reform of the text in the new period. It mainly analyzes the reflection of the party and the government on the direction of the "Pinyin" in the reform of the text, whether it should continue to promote the work of the text reform, and the needs of the new situation, and the need for the new situation. The adjustment of the policy of language and writing in the new period, including the abolition of the second simplified Chinese characters (Draft) and the completion of the work of the text reform, has been completed in the period of the abolition of the "Cultural Revolution", and a national conference on language and writing in 1986 has been held to establish the policy of language and language work in the new period, and to work the language and characters in the new period. The point is to strengthen the standardization and standardization of language and characters instead of reforming them.
The fifth chapter outlines the main contents and achievements of the work of language and writing in the new period after the 1986. As the focus of the work of language and character in this period is not a text reform, the work of this period is not thoroughly studied, but the emphasis and support of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of China on the work of the language and characters of the new time period. We should actively popularize Putonghua, strive to promote standardized standardization of Chinese characters, continue to carry out and improve the Chinese phonetic scheme, and actively open up a new situation in the Chinese information processing work, which are the five aspects to summarize the language and language work of this period.
The sixth chapter makes a general evaluation on the reform of contemporary Chinese characters. The thesis adopts the principles of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, objectively appraise the nature and characteristics of the reform of contemporary Chinese characters, achievements and influences, and analyze the shortcomings and shortages of the reform work in Contemporary Chinese characters, and sum up the current work of language and writing on this basis. A number of revelations.
The concluding part is mainly about the continuing exploration of the current academic circles on the reform of words, that is, the study of "the modernization of Chinese language", and puts forward three suggestions on how to vigorously promote the exploration of the modernization of Chinese language.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：H125;D232
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本文編號(hào)：2142833