本文選題：晉察冀抗日根據(jù)地 + 農(nóng)民　； 參考：《石家莊鐵道大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：1937年七、八月間，盧溝橋事變和“八·一三”事變相繼爆發(fā)，中日民族矛盾成為中國(guó)社會(huì)的主要矛盾，反對(duì)日本帝國(guó)主義的侵略成為整個(gè)中華民族的當(dāng)務(wù)之急，晉察冀抗日根據(jù)地就是在這樣的時(shí)代背景下開(kāi)辟和建立的。在長(zhǎng)達(dá)八年的敵后抗戰(zhàn)環(huán)境中，要有效的建設(shè)和鞏固抗日根據(jù)地、鞏固和擴(kuò)大抗日民族統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線，離不開(kāi)占人口80%以上農(nóng)民的覺(jué)醒和支持。更進(jìn)一步說(shuō)，根據(jù)地廣大農(nóng)民群眾的思想覺(jué)悟程度以及科學(xué)文化道德水平等素質(zhì)如何，是直接關(guān)系到戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)能否取得最終勝利的大問(wèn)題。如何克服農(nóng)民階級(jí)自身局限性，提高農(nóng)民素質(zhì)，發(fā)揮農(nóng)民階級(jí)抗戰(zhàn)熱情，增強(qiáng)敵后持久抗戰(zhàn)力量，是擺在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨面前最重要也是最迫切需要解決的問(wèn)題。 在殘酷的斗爭(zhēng)形勢(shì)下，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨選擇了主要通過(guò)冬學(xué)教育開(kāi)展對(duì)農(nóng)民的思想政治教育工作。具體來(lái)講，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨從國(guó)家、民族利益和農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)生活需要出發(fā)，緊緊圍繞抗戰(zhàn)這一中心任務(wù)，因人因時(shí)因地的對(duì)農(nóng)民進(jìn)行了廣泛的政治動(dòng)員，開(kāi)展了以掃盲為起點(diǎn)，包括抗戰(zhàn)教育、生產(chǎn)教育、民主教育、文化教育、道德教育等在內(nèi)的大規(guī)模的冬學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)。同時(shí)，黨在如何對(duì)農(nóng)民進(jìn)行思想政治教育的方法上，也進(jìn)行了行之有效的探索和實(shí)踐，采取了率先垂范法、物質(zhì)激勵(lì)法、感染教育法等靈活多樣的教育方法，使得思想政治工作具備了強(qiáng)大的戰(zhàn)斗力和生命力，，保證取得了抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期的一個(gè)又一個(gè)勝利。 黨對(duì)農(nóng)民的思想政治教育成效顯著，如廣大農(nóng)民群眾抗戰(zhàn)意識(shí)、民主意識(shí)增強(qiáng)，生產(chǎn)積極性和文化水平顯著提高，一定程度上改善了社會(huì)風(fēng)氣，根據(jù)地和抗日民族統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線也不斷鞏固和擴(kuò)大，并且還為根據(jù)地培養(yǎng)了大批德才兼?zhèn)涞母刹�，使黨的各項(xiàng)方針、政策得到了貫徹落實(shí)�？傊�，黨的農(nóng)民教育工作不僅統(tǒng)一了廣大農(nóng)民群眾的思想和行動(dòng)、增強(qiáng)了他們認(rèn)識(shí)世界和改造世界的能力，也加強(qiáng)了根據(jù)地社會(huì)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事、文化、教育和黨的建設(shè)，使抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)最終走向勝利。同時(shí)，由于種種原因，農(nóng)民教育也難免有其時(shí)代的局限性。 現(xiàn)階段，解決“三農(nóng)”問(wèn)題和促進(jìn)社會(huì)主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)，進(jìn)行農(nóng)民教育，必須加強(qiáng)鄉(xiāng)村基層黨組織建設(shè)，高度重視解決農(nóng)民群眾的實(shí)際問(wèn)題，注重提高農(nóng)民素質(zhì)，采用靈活多樣的農(nóng)民教育方法，寓思想教育于農(nóng)民喜聞樂(lè)見(jiàn)的文化活動(dòng)之中，深化農(nóng)民教育，凝聚黨心、民心。
[Abstract]:In July and August 1937, the Lugou Bridge incident and the "August 13" incident broke out one after another. The ethnic contradictions between China and Japan became the main contradictions in Chinese society, and opposing the aggression of Japanese imperialism became the top priority of the entire Chinese nation. The anti-Japanese base area of Shanxi, Chaji and Hebei was opened up and established under this background of the times. In the eight-year environment of the anti-Japanese war behind the enemy, to effectively build and consolidate the anti-Japanese base areas and to consolidate and expand the anti-Japanese national United front, we cannot leave the awakening and support of the peasants who account for more than 80% of the population. Furthermore, the quality of the broad masses of peasants in the base area, such as the degree of ideological consciousness and the level of science, culture and morality, is directly related to the final victory of the war. How to overcome the limitations of the peasant class, improve the quality of the peasants, give play to the enthusiasm of the peasant class to resist the war, and strengthen the forces behind the enemy, is the most important and the most urgent problem to be solved by the Communist Party of China. Under the situation of cruel struggle, the Communist Party of China has chosen to carry out ideological and political education for peasants mainly through winter education. To be specific, the Communist Party of China, proceeding from the interests of the state, the national interests and the needs of the peasants' production and life, closely revolved around the central task of the War of Resistance against Japan, because of the extensive political mobilization of the peasants by the people because of the time and place, and by taking literacy as the starting point. Large-scale winter education including anti-Japanese education, production education, democracy education, culture education, moral education, etc. At the same time, the Party has also carried out effective exploration and practice on how to carry out ideological and political education for peasants. It has adopted flexible and diverse educational methods, such as setting an example, material encouragement, infection education, and so on. So that ideological and political work has a strong combat effectiveness and vitality, guaranteed to win one victory after another during the War of Resistance. The Party's ideological and political education for the peasants has achieved remarkable results, such as the broad masses of peasants' awareness of the war of resistance, the strengthening of their democratic consciousness, the remarkable increase in their enthusiasm for production and their educational level, and the improvement of social atmosphere to a certain extent. The base areas and the anti-Japanese national United front have also been continuously consolidated and expanded, and a large number of cadres with both moral integrity and ability have been trained for the base areas, so that the Party's various principles and policies have been implemented. In short, the Party's peasant education has not only unified the thinking and actions of the broad masses of peasants, enhanced their ability to understand and transform the world, but also strengthened the social, political, economic, military, cultural, educational and party building in the base areas. The War of Resistance against Japan was finally won. At the same time, because of various reasons, peasant education also inevitably has its time limitation. At the present stage, in order to solve the "three rural" problems and promote the construction of new socialist countryside, we must strengthen the construction of rural grass-roots party organizations, attach great importance to solving the practical problems of the peasants, and pay attention to improving the quality of the peasants. Adopting flexible and diverse methods of peasant education, combining ideological education with the popular cultural activities of farmers, deepening peasant education, rallying the hearts of the Party and the people.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：石家莊鐵道大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D231;D422.62

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