本文選題：中國共產(chǎn)黨 + 黨員意愿　； 參考：《山西大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：在一定的邊界內(nèi)表達(dá)自己的思想觀點(diǎn)是當(dāng)代民主政治國家公民的一項(xiàng)基本權(quán)利；允許、支持民眾把自己的思想、意見表達(dá)出來,是民主政治的重要內(nèi)容；而民意表達(dá)也有其特定的傳播方式和社會(huì)影響,也會(huì)產(chǎn)生特定的社會(huì)后果。因此之故,關(guān)于民意表達(dá)的研究長期以來是政治學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)、傳播學(xué)、法學(xué)等學(xué)科的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)研究領(lǐng)域。尤其是在民意噴涌的當(dāng)代中國,研究民意表達(dá)儼然已經(jīng)成為一門“顯學(xué)”,針對(duì)不同群體意愿表達(dá)的方式、現(xiàn)狀、社會(huì)影響等形成大量的研究成果。政黨作為社會(huì)的一個(gè)亞組織形態(tài),雖然在不同的國情黨情條件下有不完全相同的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)形式,對(duì)黨內(nèi)民主、黨員表達(dá)意見和建議權(quán)利的認(rèn)識(shí)也不盡相同,但絕大多數(shù)政黨都承認(rèn)黨內(nèi)民主、都主張保障黨員民主權(quán)利,都認(rèn)為黨員可以在黨組織內(nèi)表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)和看法。中國共產(chǎn)黨是馬克思主義政黨,發(fā)展黨內(nèi)民主、保障黨員民主權(quán)利是一貫的主張,黨員表達(dá)自己意見和建議的權(quán)利也被黨內(nèi)法規(guī)所明確和肯定。毫無疑問,保障黨員表達(dá)意見和建議的權(quán)利,既是黨內(nèi)民主的重要標(biāo)志,也是黨員的基本權(quán)利,對(duì)于提高中國共產(chǎn)黨組織權(quán)威的合法性,增強(qiáng)凝聚力、戰(zhàn)斗力等都具有非常重要的意義。但是問題在于,這樣一個(gè)看似基本而重要的權(quán)利,無論是在歷史還是現(xiàn)實(shí)中,都沒有達(dá)到一種理想的狀態(tài),也即中國共產(chǎn)黨的黨員并不總是能行使表達(dá)意見和建議的權(quán)利,該權(quán)利并沒有得到充分的保障,因此,有進(jìn)一步深入研究的必要。本論文選取這一問題作為研究對(duì)象,運(yùn)用歷史和邏輯相結(jié)合,分析與綜合相結(jié)合,具體與抽象相結(jié)合,以我為主與比較借鑒相結(jié)合,規(guī)范分析與實(shí)證研究相結(jié)合,圍繞中國共產(chǎn)黨這一特定組織中的黨員意愿表達(dá)問題,研究其基本理論內(nèi)涵,揭示其功能價(jià)值與權(quán)利邊界,梳理其歷史發(fā)展沿革,總結(jié)國外政黨的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn),提出相關(guān)的對(duì)策建議。全文共分為導(dǎo)論和七章內(nèi)容。導(dǎo)論重點(diǎn)闡述選題的緣起和選題的意義,總結(jié)黨員意愿表達(dá)國內(nèi)外的研究現(xiàn)狀并進(jìn)行了簡要評(píng)述,明確了課題研究的理論基礎(chǔ),介紹了課題研究的基本思路和主要方法。第一章,內(nèi)涵特質(zhì)——黨員意愿表達(dá)的概念解析。由于目前并沒有明確的黨員意愿表達(dá)的概念,所以論文先從民意表達(dá)的概念出發(fā),結(jié)合馬克思主義經(jīng)典作家以及中國共產(chǎn)黨歷屆領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的相關(guān)表述提煉出了黨員意愿表達(dá)的概念。以此為基礎(chǔ),結(jié)合民意表達(dá)的研究成果,對(duì)黨員意愿表達(dá)的類型從性質(zhì)、形式途徑等方面進(jìn)行了劃分,分析了黨員意愿表達(dá)的構(gòu)成要件,進(jìn)而對(duì)黨員意愿表達(dá)與群眾意愿表達(dá)的聯(lián)系與區(qū)別進(jìn)行了闡述。第二章,價(jià)值功能——發(fā)展黨員意愿表達(dá)的功用分析。保障黨員意愿表達(dá)權(quán)利的價(jià)值和功能是多重的。論文以列舉的形式指出黨員意愿表達(dá)體現(xiàn)了對(duì)自由、發(fā)展和民主等的價(jià)值追求,認(rèn)為黨員在黨內(nèi)表達(dá)自己的意見和建議主要有增強(qiáng)黨員意識(shí)的功能、暢通黨內(nèi)信息溝通的功能、穩(wěn)固執(zhí)政地位的功能、防止思想僵化的功能、消減黨內(nèi)矛盾的功能、提高黨的建設(shè)科學(xué)化水平的功能、預(yù)防和懲治黨內(nèi)腐敗的功能等。第三章權(quán)利與限定——黨員意愿表達(dá)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與邊界。權(quán)利的行使總要伴隨著一定的后果或影響。本章從風(fēng)險(xiǎn)理論的視角首先闡述了表達(dá)行為與社會(huì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的辯證關(guān)聯(lián),指出表達(dá)一方面有助于緩釋社會(huì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),當(dāng)另一方面也可能引發(fā)社會(huì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。以此為基礎(chǔ),論述了黨員意愿表達(dá)行為可能對(duì)政黨組織造成一定的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),主要是主體意識(shí)喪失的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、思想混亂的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、治理失效的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等。并進(jìn)而提出了黨員意愿表達(dá)的邊界問題,綜合分析了世界區(qū)域性人權(quán)公約關(guān)于表達(dá)的邊界,梳理了馬克思主義經(jīng)典作家以及中國共產(chǎn)黨和其他政黨的相關(guān)認(rèn)識(shí),并指明了中國共產(chǎn)黨黨員的表達(dá)應(yīng)該遵守憲法和法律、倫理道德、黨紀(jì)黨規(guī)以及特定時(shí)段的邊界。第四章他山之石——國外政黨黨員意愿表達(dá)的實(shí)踐與啟示。本章主要介紹分析了包括原蘇共在內(nèi)的馬克思主義政黨、社會(huì)民主黨以及其他一些政黨在黨員意愿表達(dá)方面的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)。這些經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)除了讓我們在具體的微觀機(jī)制上有所借鑒之外,在宏觀的理論認(rèn)識(shí)方面主要有三點(diǎn)啟示,也即必須尊重黨員表達(dá)意愿的權(quán)利、必須防止黨員意愿表達(dá)陷入無序失控狀態(tài)、必須不斷創(chuàng)新有助于黨員表達(dá)意愿的體制機(jī)制。第五章回顧與總結(jié)——中國共產(chǎn)黨黨員意愿表達(dá)發(fā)展的歷史。結(jié)合國內(nèi)關(guān)于黨內(nèi)民主發(fā)展史的研究成果,對(duì)黨員意愿表達(dá)的發(fā)展歷史進(jìn)行了回顧和總結(jié)。論文認(rèn)為,在遵義會(huì)議之前黨員意愿表達(dá)總體上屬于萌芽搖擺時(shí)期,在遵義會(huì)議之后逐步正�；�,黨員意愿得到有序的表達(dá)。新中國成立之初的黨員意愿表達(dá)的狀況總體上比較好,但也暴露出一些苗頭性、傾向性問題。八大之后,伴隨著左的思想的日益嚴(yán)重,黨員意愿表達(dá)陷入了無序混亂狀態(tài)。梳理、總結(jié)中共黨員意愿表達(dá)的發(fā)展史可以看出,黨員意愿表達(dá)的正常與不正常狀況的狀況交錯(cuò)而存、此消彼長,并沒有形成一種相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的態(tài)勢,而且可以看出黨內(nèi)民主的狀況與黨的事業(yè)發(fā)展的狀況呈現(xiàn)正相關(guān)關(guān)系,當(dāng)黨內(nèi)民主生活比較正常,黨員意愿能夠通常表達(dá)時(shí),黨的事業(yè)多半來說都處于上升時(shí)期；而當(dāng)黨內(nèi)民主生活出現(xiàn)不正常,黨員意愿表達(dá)受到壓制時(shí),黨的事業(yè)也就處于低潮或遭遇到了挫折。第六章,成效與不足——黨員意愿表達(dá)的現(xiàn)狀分析。本章主要研究了改革開放以后中國共產(chǎn)黨在黨員意愿表達(dá)方面取得的長足進(jìn)步,也指出了當(dāng)前的不足之處。成就在于,認(rèn)識(shí)不斷深化、 制度規(guī)范不斷完善、 渠道不斷拓寬。但是現(xiàn)狀依然不盡如人意,主要體現(xiàn)在：表達(dá)要求比較強(qiáng)烈但發(fā)展?fàn)顩r欠佳,發(fā)展黨員意愿表達(dá)仍然面臨多種制約因素,失真性表達(dá)與體制外以及違法違紀(jì)性表達(dá)突出。從原因來看,主要有觀念性制約和體制機(jī)制性制約。第七章,前瞻與對(duì)策——推進(jìn)黨員意愿表達(dá)健康發(fā)展的思考。本章主要探討了推進(jìn)黨員意愿表達(dá)健康的思路和對(duì)策,主要包括應(yīng)培育有助于黨員意愿表達(dá)健康發(fā)展的思想觀念,為此要培育黨內(nèi)民主文化,塑造黨員意識(shí),營造有助于黨員意愿表達(dá)的思想觀念環(huán)境；要加強(qiáng)黨員意愿表達(dá)健康發(fā)展的制度建設(shè),使黨員意愿表達(dá)走上制度化的路子,應(yīng)完善黨內(nèi)權(quán)力配置為黨員意愿表達(dá)奠定科學(xué)的黨內(nèi)權(quán)力架構(gòu),推行黨務(wù)公開為黨員意愿表達(dá)提供知情基礎(chǔ)；要發(fā)展技術(shù)性條件拓寬黨員意愿表達(dá)的渠道,要建設(shè)快速回應(yīng)型政黨。
[Abstract]:It is a basic right of the citizens of a contemporary democratic political state to express their ideas in a certain border. It is an important part of democratic politics to allow people to express their ideas and opinions, and the expression of public opinion also has its specific mode of communication and social influence, and it will also produce certain social consequences. Therefore, the research on the expression of public opinion has long been a key research field in the fields of political science, sociology, communication, law and other disciplines. Especially in the contemporary China, the expression of public opinion has become a "study", and a lot of research has been made on the way, status and social influence of different groups of wishes. As a suborganizational form of the society, political parties, although there are not exactly the same forms of operation under the conditions of different national conditions, are different in understanding democracy in the party and the right to express opinions and suggestions for Party members, but the overwhelming majority of political parties recognize that the Democratic Party in the party advocates the protection of the democratic rights of the party members. The party organizations express their views and views. The Communist Party of China is a Marx political party. It is a consistent proposition for the development of Inner Party democracy and the protection of Party members' democratic rights. The rights of Party members to express their opinions and suggestions are clearly defined and affirmed by the Party regulations. There is no doubt that the rights of the party members to express their opinions and suggestions are both inner-party democracy. The important sign and the basic rights of the party members are of great importance to the improvement of the legitimacy of the authority of the Communist Party of China, the strengthening of cohesion and the fighting capacity. But the question is that such a seemingly basic and important right, whether in history or in reality, has not reached an ideal state, that is, the middle of the party. Party members of the Communist Party are not always able to exercise their right to express opinions and suggestions. This right has not been fully guaranteed. Therefore, it is necessary to further study. This paper selects this issue as a research object, combines history and logic, combines analysis and synthesis, and combines specific and abstract. Combining with the reference, combining the normative analysis and the empirical study, we study the party members' intention in the specific organization of the Communist Party of China, study its basic theoretical connotation, reveal its functional value and the right boundary, comb its historical development evolution, sum up the lessons of the foreign political parties, and put forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions. The full text is divided into the guide. The introduction and seven chapters. The introduction focuses on the origin of the topic and the significance of the topic, summarizes the present status of the research at home and abroad and commented briefly, clarifies the theoretical basis of the research, and introduces the basic ideas and main methods of the research. The first chapter is the concept of the expression of Party members' intention. At present, there is no clear concept of expression of the wishes of the party members, so this paper, starting with the concept of public opinion expression, abstracts the concept of the expression of the wishes of Party members by combining the related statements of the classic Marx writers and the successive leaders of the Communist Party of China. Type from the nature, form and other aspects of the division, analysis of the elements of the expression of Party members' will, and then the expression of Party members will express and the expression of the masses will explain the difference between the second chapter, the value function - the function of the development of Party members' willingness to express the function of the party's will to express the value and function of the right to express the wishes of Party members In the form of enumerating, the paper points out that the expression of Party member's will embodies the value pursuit of freedom, development and democracy. It is believed that party members express their opinions and suggestions in the party mainly to enhance the function of Party members' consciousness, to smooth the function of information communication within the party, to stabilize the function of the ruling position, to prevent the function of rigid thought and to reduce the party's function and to reduce the party's function. The function of internal contradictions, to improve the function of the scientific level of the party construction and to prevent and punish the function of corruption in the party. The third chapter rights and limits - the risks and boundaries expressed by the party's will. The exercise of rights is always accompanied by certain consequences or effects. This chapter first expounds the expression and social risks from the angle of the theory of risk. The dialectical association points out that expression on one hand can help the sustained release of social risk, and on the other hand it may lead to social risk. On the basis of this, it is discussed that party members' willingness to express behavior may cause certain risks to Party organization, mainly the risk of loss of subjective consciousness, the risk of ideological confusion, and the risk of governance failure. The boundary question expressed by the party's wishes is a comprehensive analysis of the boundary of the World Regional Human Rights Convention on the expression, combing the relevant understanding of the classical Marx writers and the Communist Party of China and other parties, and pointing out that the expression of the party members of the Communist Party of China should abide by the Constitution and the law, the ethics, the party discipline and the party rules and the specific period of time. The fourth chapter is the practice and Enlightenment of the expression of the wishes of the party members abroad. This chapter mainly introduces and analyzes the experience and lessons of the Marx party, the Social Democratic Party and some other parties in the expression of Party members' wishes, including the original Soviet Communist Party. On the basis of the mechanism, there are three inspirations in the macro theoretical understanding, that is, to respect the right to express the wishes of the party members. It is necessary to prevent the expression of Party members' willingness to fall into a state of uncontrollable out of control and to innovate the institutional mechanism that will help the party members to express their wishes. The fifth chapter reviews and summarizes the wishes of the party members of the Communist Party of China. The history of the development of the party's democratic development in China is reviewed and summed up in the light of the research achievements on the history of the democratic development of the party in China. The paper holds that, before the Zunyi conference, the expression of Party members' will is generally in the period of sprout swing. After the Zunyi conference, the wishes of the party members are normally expressed. The expression of Party members' intention at the beginning of the founding of China is generally better, but it also exposes some tendencies and tendencies. After the Eighth Congress, with the increasing severity of the left thought, the expression of Party members' willingness is in a disordered state. There is a staggered situation with the situation of the abnormal situation, and the growth and growth of the party has not formed a relatively stable situation, and it can be seen that the state of democracy within the party is positively related to the state of the development of the party. When the democratic life within the party is normal and the party's will is usually expressed, the party's cause is mostly in the rise. When the democratic life of the party appears to be abnormal and the expression of the party's will is suppressed, the party's cause is also at a low tide or encountered setbacks. The sixth chapter is the analysis of the present situation of the expression of Party members' wishes. This chapter mainly studies the great progress made by the Communist Party in the party's wishes expression after the reform and opening up. The achievement lies in the deepening of the understanding, the continuous improvement of the system norms and the widening of the channels. However, the current situation is still unsatisfactory, mainly in the following aspects: the strong expression demands but the poor development situation, the expression of the will of the party members still faces a variety of constraints, the distortion expression and the system, as well as the system, In the seventh chapter, the thinking of promoting the healthy development of Party members' willingness to express the healthy development of Party members' will is discussed in this chapter. This chapter mainly discusses the ideas and Countermeasures to promote the expression of the wishes of the party members. The main package includes the cultivation of the wishes of the Party members to express the healthy hair. The idea of the exhibition is to cultivate the democratic culture within the party, to shape the consciousness of the party members, to create the ideological and ideological environment that is helpful to the expression of the wishes of the party members, to strengthen the system construction of the wishes of the party members to express the healthy development, to make the party members' wishes express the way of institutionalization, and to perfect the party's power to lay a scientific party for the expression of the wishes of the party members. The structure of power and the implementation of the party's public affairs provide an informed basis for the expression of the wishes of the party members; to develop the technical conditions to broaden the channels for the expression of the wishes of the party members, a rapid response party should be built.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D263

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1 本報(bào)駐外記者 本報(bào)記者 張慧中 孫天仁 張衛(wèi)中 張杰 廖政軍 馬菲 莽九晨 溫憲 呂鵬飛 劉軍國 李景衛(wèi) 李志偉;[N];人民日?qǐng)?bào);2012年

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