本文選題：國家治理現(xiàn)代化　切入點：中國共產(chǎn)黨　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：政黨適應(yīng)性(變革)是連接政黨發(fā)展理論與實踐的“橋梁”,因而受到學(xué)術(shù)界和實務(wù)界的普遍關(guān)注。對于中國共產(chǎn)黨而言,作為一個社會主義大國的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)黨和執(zhí)政黨,適應(yīng)性變革自然是無可回避的問題。事實上,中國共產(chǎn)黨自誕生以來不斷根據(jù)客觀環(huán)境與任務(wù)目標(biāo)的變化,進行自身建設(shè)和治國理政方面的探索與適應(yīng)性變革,在實踐中摸索前進,在反復(fù)試錯中總結(jié)經(jīng)驗并吸取教訓(xùn),在逐步推進中不斷調(diào)整和完善,積累了許多適應(yīng)性變革的經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)。當(dāng)前,面對新形勢與新任務(wù),中國共產(chǎn)黨提出全面深化改革的總目標(biāo),即完善社會主義制度和推進國家治理現(xiàn)代化。這兩個方面是相輔相成、互相促進的,順利推進國家治理現(xiàn)代化,必須從中國特色社會主義制度的本質(zhì)出發(fā),準確把握國家治理現(xiàn)代化的內(nèi)涵,適應(yīng)新形勢下加強黨的建設(shè)以及黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)與執(zhí)政的新要求,在相關(guān)各領(lǐng)域進行必要的適應(yīng)性變革。“治理”和“現(xiàn)代化”的概念都是“舶來品”,全面準確理解中國語境中的國家治理現(xiàn)代化,必須著眼于中國的歷史與現(xiàn)實,以中國發(fā)展中遇到的問題為導(dǎo)向,突出中國特色、中國風(fēng)格和中國氣派,同時吸收國內(nèi)外相關(guān)概念中的合理成分,并在具體的運作手段上借鑒西方有益的經(jīng)驗和做法。具體而言,需要遵循三個方面的基本原則：一是中國性原則。推進國家治理現(xiàn)代化必須堅持黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位,充分發(fā)揮黨的主導(dǎo)作用,這要求我們堅持從嚴治黨、不斷地加強和完善黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。二是時代性特征。全球化和區(qū)域一體化使任何國家都不能獨立于世界體系之外,必須在相互依存中互相學(xué)習(xí)借鑒,這要求我們借鑒西方治理理論中的一些有益成分和實踐中的一些成功經(jīng)驗。三是系統(tǒng)性特征。對于國家治理現(xiàn)代化而言,治理體系的制度機制要完善配套,治理結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)要完備,治理領(lǐng)域要綜合全面,這要求中國共產(chǎn)黨綜合使用法治與德治的手段,完善各項制度機制,處理好黨與國家和社會的關(guān)系。中國共產(chǎn)黨在中國特色社會主義事業(yè)中發(fā)揮著總攬全局、協(xié)調(diào)各方的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心作用,這決定了黨在自身建設(shè)領(lǐng)域的適應(yīng)性變革是順利推進國家治理現(xiàn)代化的根本保障。過去幾十年,中國共產(chǎn)黨根據(jù)世情、國情和黨情的變化,進行了一系列的適應(yīng)性變革,從思想、組織、作風(fēng)、反腐倡廉方面加強了自身建設(shè)。但是,面對全面從嚴治黨和國家治理現(xiàn)代化的新形勢和新要求,中國共產(chǎn)黨還需要繼續(xù)堅持黨要管黨、全面從嚴治黨的方針,進一步加強適應(yīng)性變革。實現(xiàn)路徑體現(xiàn)為三個方面：一是通過黨內(nèi)制度建設(shè)加強對黨員干部的管理；二是自覺地接受黨內(nèi)外群眾和黨組織的監(jiān)督,加強對權(quán)力的制度約束；三是增加黨組織的凝聚力。從政黨與國家關(guān)系的角度看,中國共產(chǎn)黨是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)黨和執(zhí)政黨,它與國家政權(quán)之間存在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和執(zhí)政的關(guān)系。由于黨在國家治理現(xiàn)代化中的“雙重身份”以及黨與國家之間的“雙重關(guān)系”,中國共產(chǎn)黨在政黨與國家關(guān)系領(lǐng)域的適應(yīng)性變革對于推進國家治理現(xiàn)代化具有主導(dǎo)性推動作用。由于革命需要和蘇聯(lián)模式影響,從新中國成立到“文化大革命”結(jié)束,我國長期實行“黨政合一”的一元化領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制。這種體制在國家政權(quán)初創(chuàng)時期顯示了決策快、效率高等優(yōu)點,但隨著經(jīng)濟社會的發(fā)展,高度一元化的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制的弊端日益顯現(xiàn)。因此,中國共產(chǎn)黨自改革開放以來對政黨—國家關(guān)系進行了一系列適應(yīng)性變革,經(jīng)歷了從“以黨代政”到“黨政分開”再到停止“黨政分開”的波折,體現(xiàn)了從人治到法治的思路轉(zhuǎn)換。當(dāng)前,推進國家治理現(xiàn)代化的任務(wù)要求進一步規(guī)范政黨—國家關(guān)系,既要準確把握中國共產(chǎn)黨與國家政權(quán)關(guān)系的獨特性,又要保障國家機構(gòu)的自主性,還要促進國家機關(guān)的高效運轉(zhuǎn)。從政黨與社會關(guān)系的角度看,社會是政黨產(chǎn)生、存在和發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ),中國共產(chǎn)黨和社會的關(guān)系更是如此。從國家治理的角度看,社會是中國特色社會社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的一個重要方面,黨在政黨與國家關(guān)系領(lǐng)域的適應(yīng)性變革是推進國家治理現(xiàn)代化的重要基礎(chǔ)。改革開放以來,中國社會發(fā)生了深刻的變化,這對中國共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和執(zhí)政產(chǎn)生了重大影響。從歷史上看,中國共產(chǎn)黨在處理領(lǐng)導(dǎo)與執(zhí)政的關(guān)系方面有過不成功的教訓(xùn),也進行了適時的變革與調(diào)整,并取得了明顯的效果。當(dāng)前,中國共產(chǎn)黨更需要根據(jù)形勢與任務(wù)的變化,不斷改進在社會領(lǐng)域的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式和治理方式。在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)社會治理方面,不僅要加強黨組織和黨員干部的自身建設(shè),密切黨群關(guān)系,還要引領(lǐng)社會思潮和價值觀念,更要改善領(lǐng)導(dǎo)社會的具體方式方法,不斷提高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)水平,不斷創(chuàng)新社會管理的體制機制。從國家構(gòu)建的角度看,法治是現(xiàn)代國家的重要標(biāo)志,是國家治理現(xiàn)代化的核心內(nèi)容,法治能力建設(shè)是中國共產(chǎn)黨適應(yīng)性變革的關(guān)鍵。在推進國家治理現(xiàn)代化的背景下,中國共產(chǎn)黨要在規(guī)范政黨與國家和社會關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上,在治國理政過程中嚴格依法辦事,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民全面實現(xiàn)依法治國、黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式法治化和黨的執(zhí)政方式法治化。在黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)法治建設(shè)的過程中,始終堅持黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、堅持以人民的根本利益為出發(fā)點、堅持法律面前人人平等、堅持中國特色、堅持從嚴治黨。在積累豐富經(jīng)驗和取得巨大成就的同時,中國共產(chǎn)黨在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)法治建設(shè)方面的適應(yīng)性變革也存在一些不足之處,如法律至上的觀念不夠深入、黨內(nèi)制度執(zhí)行力度不夠、法治與德治的結(jié)合程度不夠、市場經(jīng)濟中的法治失范現(xiàn)象普遍等。今后,中國共產(chǎn)黨在法治建設(shè)領(lǐng)域適應(yīng)性變革的重點是加強黨的法治能力建設(shè)。本文的研究表明,國家治理、改革開放與中國共產(chǎn)黨的適應(yīng)性變革具有密切的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。概言之,中國共產(chǎn)黨適應(yīng)性變革的外部表現(xiàn)是改革開放,并通過改革開放更好地實現(xiàn)國家治理；改革開放不僅有助于提高國家治理的效果,而且為中國共產(chǎn)黨進一步實行黨內(nèi)外適應(yīng)性變革提供動力；國家治理的成效取決于中國共產(chǎn)黨適應(yīng)性變革的方向和程度,也取決于改革開放實施的力度；同時,國家治理現(xiàn)代化的目標(biāo)也進一步要求中國共產(chǎn)黨適時進行適應(yīng)性變革,不斷深化改革開放。通過梳理和總結(jié)中國共產(chǎn)黨進行適應(yīng)性變革的歷史實踐及其經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn),可以得出不少對于中國共產(chǎn)黨治國理政的有益啟示,如不斷解放思想,使黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)水平和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力不斷得到提升。然而,由于篇幅和能力所限,圍繞這一問題的許多討論并未完全展開,今后還有一些研究領(lǐng)域值得重點關(guān)注,如黨內(nèi)制度建設(shè)、全面依法治國、全面深化改革等。
[Abstract]:Party adaptation (change) is connected to the development of political parties in the theory and practice of "bridge", which attracted widespread attention in the academic circles and practical circles. China for the Communist Party, as a socialist country, the leadership of the party and the ruling party, change nature is unavoidable. In fact, the Communist Party of Chinese since the birth of time according to the change of external environment and mission objectives, self construction and the rule of exploration and adaptive changes of governance aspects, fumble in practice, summarize the experience and lessons in the trial and error, constantly adjust and improve step by step in advance, experience accumulated a lot of change. At present, facing the new situation and the new task, Chinese Communist Party put forward the overall goal of deepening reform, improve the socialist system and to promote the modernization of national governance. These two aspects are complementary to each other. To promote the smooth progress of the modernization of national governance, we must start from the essence of the socialist system China characteristics, accurately grasp the connotation of the modernization of national governance, to strengthen the construction of the party and the party's leadership and governing the new requirements under the new situation, the adaptability change necessary in the related fields. The concept of "governance" and "modernization" are "exotic", a comprehensive and accurate understanding of Chinese in the context of the modernization of national governance, we must focus on the history and reality of China, to meet Chinese in the development of problem oriented, highlighting the characteristics of China, China style and Chinese style, while absorbing reasonable components related concepts at home and abroad, and the experience and good practices the West in the concrete operation means. Specifically, the basic principles to follow three aspects: one is the China principle. The promotion of national governance modernization must adhere to Hold the leading position of the party, give full play to the leading role of the party, which requires us to adhere strictly, constantly strengthen and improve the party's leadership. The two is the era characteristic of globalization and regional integration. Any country cannot be independent of the world system, must be in the interdependent mutual learning, which requires us to learn some the successful experience of some useful components and the practice of western governance theory in the system is three. Characteristics. For the modernization of national governance system, governance system to perfect governance structure, system to complete, comprehensive governance areas, which requires Chinese Communist Party comprehensive use of law and rule of virtue means, improve the system mechanism that deal with the relationship between the party and the state and society. Chinese Communist Party plays the overall situation in the cause of socialist China characteristics, the core of the leadership for the coordination of the parties Use, which determines the adaptability change party in its own construction field is the fundamental guarantee to the smooth progress of the modernization of national governance. Over the past few decades, the Communist Party of China according to the world situation, national conditions and changes in the party situation, the adaptability of change, from a series of thought, organization, style, anti-corruption to strengthen self construction but. Facing the new situation and new requirements, comprehensive strictly and the modernization of national governance, the Communist Party of China also need to continue to adhere to the party to manage the party strictly, fully, further strengthen the adaptability change. The realization path is three aspects: one is to strengthen the management of Party members and cadres by the party system construction; two consciously. Accept the supervision of the masses inside and outside the party and party organization, strengthen the institutional constraints of power; three is to increase the cohesion of the party. From the relationship between the party and the state's point of view, the Communist Party of China is The leadership of the party and the ruling party, the relationship between it and the national political leadership and the ruling party. Because in the modernization of national governance in the "dual identity" and the party and the state between "dual relationship", Chinese Communist Party in the adaptive changes of the party and the state relations to promote the modernization of national governance plays a leading role in promoting the. The revolution needs and the Soviet model, from new Chinese inception to the end of the "Cultural Revolution" in China "a" unified leadership system of the party state. This kind of system in the period of state power start-up shows high efficiency, quick decision-making, but with the development of social economy, the malpractice of the highly centralized leading system increasingly apparent therefore, since the reform and opening up to the China Communist Party state relationship conducted a series of adaptive changes, from the experience of "one" "The separation" to stop "the separation" twists and turns, embodies the thought of transformation from the rule of man to the rule of law. At present, promote the modernization of national governance tasks to further standardize the party state relationship, not only to accurately grasp the unique relationship between the China Communist Party and state power, but also protect the autonomy of national institutions, but also to promote the efficient operation of the state. The relationship between political parties and the perspective of society, society is the formation of the party, the foundation of the existence and development, the relationship between the Communist Party and the Chinese society is even more so. From the perspective of national governance, the society is an important aspect of social construction of socialist modernization Chinese characteristics, the party is an important foundation for promoting national governance the modernization of the party and the state in the adaptability change relations. Since the reform and opening up, profound changes have taken place in the Chinese China society, the leadership of the Communist Party And the ruling had a significant impact. Historically, the Communist Party of China in dealing with the relationship between leadership and the ruling had unsuccessful lessons, also carried out the reform and adjustment timely, and achieved obvious effect. At present, the Communist Party of China need according to the change of situation and tasks, continuous improvement in the social field the style of leadership and governance. In the leadership of social governance, not only to strengthen the party organizations and Party members and cadres of the self construction, close ties between the party to lead the social thoughts and values, the more society to improve leadership method, continuously improve the leadership and leadership level, system and mechanism of social management innovation. The national construction perspective, the rule of law is an important symbol of the modern country, is the core content of the modernization of national governance, the rule of ability construction is the key China adaptability change. In the Communist Party To promote the modernization of national governance under the background of the Communist Party of China should based on the code of parties and the relation between state and society, in the governance process in strict accordance with the law, leading the people to the full realization of the rule of law, rule of law ruling style of the party's style of leadership and the rule of law of the party. In the process of building the rule of law in the leadership of the party, always adhere to the party's leadership, adhere to the fundamental interests of the people as the starting point, adhere to equality before the law, adhere to the Chinese characteristics, adhere strictly. In the accumulation of rich experience and great achievements in leading the construction of the rule of law at the same time, the adaptability of change Chinese party also has some shortcomings, such as the concept of the supremacy of law is not enough, the system of enforcement is not enough, the combination of law and rule of virtue is not enough, in a market economy under the rule of law anomie phenomenon. In the future, the Communist Party Chinese in the rule of law A key field of adaptive innovation is to strengthen the party's legal ability construction. This study shows that the adaptive changes of national governance, reform and opening up and China Communist Party has close relationship. In general, the Communist Party of Chinese external performance adaptability change of the reform and opening up, and through the reform and opening up better governance; reform and opening up not only help to improve the governance effect, and provide the impetus for further implementation of Chinese party inside and outside the party change; depends on the effectiveness of the country governance in the Communist Party of Chinese adaptability change of direction and degree, but also depends on the implementation of reform and opening-up efforts; at the same time, the modernization of national governance objectives and further requests the Communist Party China adaptability change timely, deepening the reform and opening up. Historical practice adaptability change by combing and summarizing of the Communist Party of China And experience, can draw a lot of inspiration for the Communist Party of Chinese governance, such as emancipating the mind constantly, make the party's leadership and leadership ability has been continuously improved. However, due to limited space and ability, a lot of discussions around this issue has not been fully launched, there are some research fields such as worthy of attention. The party system construction, comprehensive law, comprehensive deepening of reform.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D25

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本文編號：1666492