【摘要】：類書是中國古代的一種工具書,在編纂時(shí)通常是將原有典籍的篇章順序打亂,再依照新的分類方式對材料重新進(jìn)行編排。由于秉承述而不作的傳統(tǒng),編纂人員極少在其中表達(dá)思想觀點(diǎn),所以類書并非學(xué)術(shù)性很強(qiáng)的著作,只是資料匯編。它反映了人類對世界的認(rèn)識(shí),并保留了大量詞章和史料,為使用者提供了查檢之便利。 本文主要研究類書的編纂,將對類書成書概況、編纂背景及起因、編纂人員、編纂體例、分類思想等方面加以探討,總結(jié)中國古代歷史上著名類書的編纂沿革過程及其變易創(chuàng)新情況。試圖說明類書編纂與經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化有著千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系,隨著時(shí)代推移,它的編纂規(guī)模有擴(kuò)大之勢,而創(chuàng)新則逐漸困難。 本文包括九個(gè)部分。第一部分為類書簡介,對類書的性質(zhì)、分類方式做簡要交代。第二、三部分介紹魏晉類書編纂的開創(chuàng)性,如《皇覽》始創(chuàng)以類相從之法,它的編纂過程中出現(xiàn)了下令修書、確定范圍、搜集資料、分門別類、分頭撰寫、修畢進(jìn)呈、接受升賞等諸多步驟,為后世修書所借鑒；《修文殿御覽》使得編纂過程空前復(fù)雜,人員也大幅增加,為后世所仿效。第四、五部分論述隋唐類書編纂的改進(jìn),如《北堂書鈔》以標(biāo)題類事之法帶來新意；《藝文類聚》確定事前文后的體例,影響千年。第六、七部分論述宋代類書編纂的突破,如《太平御覽》與政治形勢難脫干系,千卷之巨亦是類書大型化之較早開端；《冊府元龜》采擇君臣之間嘉言懿行以垂范后世,運(yùn)用總序小序之法使得編纂人員的觀點(diǎn)明晰。第八部分論述明代類書編纂的變易,《永樂大典》將類書的篇幅、人員數(shù)量推向頂峰,在編纂體例方式難以取得突破之際,改用豐富資料遺惠后世。第九部分論述清代類書編纂的革新,《古今圖書集成》編纂人員中并無權(quán)貴或?qū)W術(shù)權(quán)威,實(shí)為罕見,它結(jié)構(gòu)完善,知識(shí)分類合理,采用三級(jí)類目的先進(jìn)方式也成為中國古代類書最后的巔峰。 類書編纂欲尋求創(chuàng)新漸漸困難,直至只能以擴(kuò)大規(guī)模取得突破。隨著近現(xiàn)代新的分類思想成熟,類書的黃金時(shí)代也最終過去。
[Abstract]:Class book is a kind of reference book in ancient China. When compiling, it usually disassembles the original texts and rearranges the material according to the new classification. Because of the tradition of not doing it, compilers seldom express their ideas in it, so the books are not academic works, but a compilation of materials. It reflects the human understanding of the world, and retains a large number of lexical and historical materials, providing users with the convenience of inspection. This paper mainly studies the compilation of class books, and probes into the general situation, the background and cause of the compilation, the compilers, the style of compilation, the ideas of classification, and so on. This paper summarizes the compilation and evolution of famous books in ancient Chinese history and their changes and innovations. This paper tries to explain that the compilation of books is closely related to economy, politics and culture. With the passage of time, its compilation scale has the tendency to expand, but the innovation is gradually difficult. This paper includes nine parts. The first part is a brief introduction of the class book, the nature of the class book, the classification of the way to do a brief account. The second and third parts introduce the originality of the compilation of the books of the Wei and Jin dynasties, such as the "Emperor's Book" was first created by the method of following the categories. In the process of compiling the book, an order was made to amend the book, to determine the scope, to collect the information, to classify the books, to write separately, and to revise the book from one side to the next. Many steps, such as accepting a reward, were used for reference by later generations, and the compilation process was unprecedented complicated and personnel was greatly increased, which was imitated by later generations. The fourth and fifth parts discuss the improvement of the compilation of Sui and Tang Dynasty books, such as "Beitang Book banknote" brings new meaning by the method of title, and "Art text clustering" determines the style after the advance text, which affects the thousand years. The sixth and seventh parts discuss the break-through of the compilation of the Song Dynasty books, such as "Taiping Imperial Survey" and the political situation are hard to get rid of, and the giant of thousands of volumes is also the early beginning of the large-scale of the books. The use of the law of the total order makes the views of the compilers clear. The eighth part discusses the variety of the compilation of the books in the Ming Dynasty. The Yongle Dadao pushes the length and the number of the books to the peak. When it is difficult to make a breakthrough in the style of compilation, the author uses the rich materials to benefit the later generations. The ninth part discusses the innovation of the compilation of books in the Qing Dynasty. There is no power or academic authority among the compilers, it is rare, its structure is perfect, and the classification of knowledge is reasonable. The use of three-level categories of advanced methods also became the last peak of ancient Chinese books. The compilation of books to seek innovation gradually difficult, until only to expand the scale of breakthrough. With the maturity of the new classification thought in modern times, the golden age of class books has finally passed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：G239.29

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 潘倩;《冊府元龜》類序研究[D];華中師范大學(xué);2013年

，

本文編號(hào)：2231206