本文選題：利益集團(tuán) + 版權(quán)制度��； 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：版權(quán)的發(fā)展史,就是一部擴(kuò)張史。版權(quán)法的歷史軌跡表現(xiàn)為版權(quán)人利益的持續(xù)擴(kuò)張和專有控制權(quán)的不斷擴(kuò)大,公共領(lǐng)域范圍逐漸減少。版權(quán)擴(kuò)張不是偶然的,而是多種因素共同作用的結(jié)果：技術(shù)發(fā)展是版權(quán)擴(kuò)張的原始誘因,文化繁榮是版權(quán)擴(kuò)張的現(xiàn)實(shí)基礎(chǔ),利益集團(tuán)間的爭(zhēng)斗與妥協(xié)則是版權(quán)擴(kuò)張的直接動(dòng)力,版權(quán)制度也從最初鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)作和促進(jìn)知識(shí)交流傳播的手段逐漸演變成控制作品接觸和利用的工具。 利益集團(tuán)的逐利行為對(duì)版權(quán)制度的發(fā)展變遷起到重要的推動(dòng)作用。然而,對(duì)于利益集團(tuán)作用于版權(quán)制度的方式、結(jié)果、影響,以及在立法上如何予以規(guī)制,國內(nèi)外還鮮見專門論述及系統(tǒng)研究。而對(duì)版權(quán)制度的發(fā)展而言,這恰恰是重要的理論及實(shí)踐問題。研究這一問題對(duì)于把握版權(quán)理論內(nèi)在機(jī)理、認(rèn)清版權(quán)制度發(fā)展規(guī)律、指導(dǎo)我國的版權(quán)立法,乃至對(duì)進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)我國社會(huì)主義文化事業(yè)與文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的大發(fā)展大繁榮,都將有著不容忽視的意義。 基于此,本文以中西版權(quán)制度的發(fā)展歷史為研究起點(diǎn),分四個(gè)層面逐步展開論述,以期明晰利益集團(tuán)影響版權(quán)制度發(fā)展的運(yùn)作方式,分析利益集團(tuán)左右版權(quán)立法的利弊影響,并探討如何在立法層面予以規(guī)制,以期維系版權(quán)的利益平衡格局,并為我國版權(quán)規(guī)則的完善帶來些許啟示。具體研究進(jìn)路如下： 第一部分：利益集團(tuán)影響版權(quán)制度變遷的歷程。這一部分主要通過梳理中西版權(quán)制度變遷的歷史,在宏觀視野中審視版權(quán)觀念的起源與發(fā)展,探析利益博弈在其間的作用,對(duì)版權(quán)的發(fā)展規(guī)律進(jìn)行深入研究。 第二部分：利益集團(tuán)影響版權(quán)制度變遷的方式。這一部分歸納總結(jié)了現(xiàn)行國內(nèi)外利益集團(tuán)影響版權(quán)立法的運(yùn)作方式,通過具體事例論證多元主體在版權(quán)系統(tǒng)中進(jìn)行利益表達(dá)的渠道與方法。利益集團(tuán)主要通過公開競(jìng)選、對(duì)立法人員進(jìn)行籠絡(luò)或求助于精英人物、利用輿論或與智囊團(tuán)合作、通過法院訴訟形成判例、結(jié)成國內(nèi)國際聯(lián)盟等方式,影響版權(quán)制度,謀求版權(quán)利益。 第三部分：利益集團(tuán)影響版權(quán)制度變遷的利弊。這一部分著重分析利益集團(tuán)對(duì)版權(quán)制度變遷的積極影響和消極影響,積極影響主要表現(xiàn)在促使現(xiàn)代版權(quán)觀念產(chǎn)生、推動(dòng)版權(quán)理論的構(gòu)建與完善,強(qiáng)化版權(quán)保護(hù)力度。消極影響則表現(xiàn)為版權(quán)體系的雜亂與理論的矛盾、過分注重投資而造成的文化創(chuàng)作力減弱、引發(fā)知識(shí)壟斷和公共利益的減少、淪為國際貿(mào)易工具的同時(shí)造成文化殖民等。 第四部分：利益集團(tuán)影響版權(quán)制度變遷的立法規(guī)制。這一部分主要從立法理念、立法政策和具體的制度設(shè)計(jì)三方面予以論述,結(jié)合我國文化事業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,對(duì)利益集團(tuán)的行為進(jìn)行立法規(guī)制,以維系版權(quán)利益平衡格局,激發(fā)文化創(chuàng)作與傳播的活力。在具體制度設(shè)計(jì)上,筆者以為可采取版權(quán)法定原則,強(qiáng)化傳播權(quán)的范圍及強(qiáng)度,突破傳統(tǒng)版權(quán)以“許可權(quán)+禁止權(quán)”的基本構(gòu)造,引入版權(quán)默示許可制度、并適當(dāng)擴(kuò)大合理使用和法定許可的范圍等措施,實(shí)現(xiàn)版權(quán)的合理保護(hù),限制版權(quán)濫用,減少版權(quán)利用障礙。
[Abstract]:The development history of copyright is a history of expansion . The historical track of copyright law appears as the continuous expansion of the interests of the copyright person and the expansion of the proprietary right of control . The scope of the public domain is gradually reduced . The copyright extension is not accidental , but it is the direct power of copyright extension . The copyright system also gradually becomes the tool for controlling the contact and utilization of the work from the means of encouraging the creation and promoting the communication of the knowledge .

The interest group ' s profit - by - profit act plays an important role in the development of copyright system . However , it is very important theory and practice to regulate the way , result and influence of copyright system and how to regulate the copyright system .

Based on this , this paper focuses on the development history of copyright system in China and West , and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of copyright legislation in the interest group , and discusses how to regulate the copyright in the legislative level , so as to provide some enlightenment for the perfection of copyright rules in our country . The concrete research approach is as follows :

The first part : The interest group influences the course of the change of the copyright system . This part mainly analyzes the history of the change of the copyright system of the Chinese and Western countries , examines the origin and development of the copyright concept in the macroscopic view , explores the role of the benefit game , and makes a further study on the development law of copyright .

The second part : The way of the interest group ' s influence on the changes of the copyright system . This part sums up the ways and means of influencing the copyright legislation by the current domestic and foreign interest groups . Through the specific examples , the channels and methods of interest expression in the copyright system are discussed .

The third part : Interest groups influence the pros and cons of the change of copyright system . This part focuses on analyzing the positive influence and negative influence of interest group on the change of copyright system . The positive influence is to promote the construction and perfection of copyright theory and to strengthen copyright protection . The negative influence is manifested as the contradiction between the chaos and theory of copyright system , the decrease of cultural creativity caused by excessive focus on investment , the reduction of knowledge monopoly and public interest , and cultural colonization at the same time .

The fourth part : This part mainly discusses the legislative idea , the legislative policy and the specific system design . This part mainly discusses the legislation idea , the legislative policy and the specific system design . In the light of the present situation of our country ' s cultural undertakings , the author thinks that the copyright legal principle should be adopted , the scope and the strength of the right of communication should be strengthened , the copyright implied license system should be introduced , and the reasonable use and the scope of the legal license should be expanded properly , so as to protect the copyright , limit the abuse of copyright and reduce the use of copyright .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D923.41

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