發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-02 13:52

  本文選題：著作權(quán) + 刑事　； 參考：《安徽大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)1994年公布實(shí)施的《全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)關(guān)于懲治侵犯著作權(quán)的犯罪的決定》,第一次以法律的模式規(guī)定了對(duì)侵犯著作權(quán)犯罪應(yīng)承擔(dān)的刑事責(zé)任,自此,我國(guó)對(duì)著作權(quán)的刑事保護(hù)立法正式起步。隨后,1997年《中華人民共和國(guó)刑法》中新增了“侵犯著作權(quán)罪”和“銷售侵權(quán)復(fù)制品罪”2個(gè)罪名,規(guī)定了5種嚴(yán)重侵犯著作權(quán)行為構(gòu)成犯罪。2001年我國(guó)加入世界貿(mào)易組織之后,為履行對(duì)《與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)議》的承諾,對(duì)《中華人民共和國(guó)著作權(quán)法》進(jìn)行了修正,在其第47條中規(guī)定了8種可以追究刑事責(zé)任的侵權(quán)行為,至此,我國(guó)著作權(quán)刑事立法保護(hù)框架基本形成。雖然我國(guó)對(duì)著作權(quán)的刑事保護(hù)起步比較晚,和英美法系、大陸法系的發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相比,在犯罪構(gòu)成、刑罰設(shè)置、被害人救濟(jì)等方面存在較大差距,并且與《與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)議》等國(guó)際條約要求的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也不盡相符。但作為發(fā)展中國(guó)家而言,我國(guó)對(duì)著作權(quán)刑事保護(hù)的發(fā)展速度大體符合我國(guó)國(guó)情,取得的實(shí)效也是十分值得肯定的。但從世界經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)來看,知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)成為各國(guó)發(fā)展的核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。因此,我國(guó)對(duì)著作權(quán)的刑事保護(hù)立法,如何做到高效促進(jìn)國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)文化發(fā)展、如何穩(wěn)妥的應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際環(huán)境壓力、如何適應(yīng)歷史的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),都是十分迫切地需要我們進(jìn)行研究和探索的。本文分為引言、正文、結(jié)語三個(gè)部分,其中正文包含以下四部分內(nèi)容： 第一部分是對(duì)著作權(quán)刑事保護(hù)理論基礎(chǔ)的簡(jiǎn)述。這一部分內(nèi)容介紹了著作權(quán)刑事保護(hù)的必要性、侵犯著作權(quán)犯罪的特征、著作權(quán)刑事保護(hù)的程度。首先,著作權(quán)刑事保護(hù)歷史發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)和當(dāng)今國(guó)內(nèi)外形勢(shì)注定了著作權(quán)刑事保護(hù)的必要性。侵犯著作權(quán)犯罪行為地域限制逐漸消失,犯罪手段越來越科技化,對(duì)象從集中在圖書、音像制品轉(zhuǎn)變成各種形式的作品,導(dǎo)致這種犯罪行為不僅擾亂了公共經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序,同時(shí)更是對(duì)個(gè)人利益的嚴(yán)重侵犯,社會(huì)危害性越來越大。最后簡(jiǎn)述了在著作權(quán)刑事保護(hù)中公共利益和個(gè)人利益、本國(guó)國(guó)情和國(guó)際義務(wù)、“強(qiáng)保護(hù)”和“弱保護(hù)“之間的關(guān)系及保護(hù)程度。 第二部分是對(duì)境外著作權(quán)刑事保護(hù)立法的考察�？疾旒�(xì)分為三個(gè)部分：第一部分是英美法系的主要代表國(guó)家英國(guó)和美國(guó),第二部分是大陸法系的主要代表國(guó)家德國(guó)、法國(guó)和日本,第三部分是我國(guó)港、澳、臺(tái)地區(qū)。通過對(duì)各個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)層次、不同大陸地域的多個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)關(guān)于著作權(quán)刑事保護(hù)立法的考察,熟悉世界大多數(shù)國(guó)家和地區(qū)對(duì)著作權(quán)刑事保護(hù)立法的條款,研究這些國(guó)家和地區(qū)保護(hù)著作權(quán)刑事條款背后的立法目的和宗旨。這樣,我國(guó)在著作權(quán)刑事保護(hù)立法中便能更好地結(jié)合我國(guó)國(guó)情實(shí)際,借鑒其精華,對(duì)我國(guó)的著作權(quán)刑事保護(hù)立法具有十分重要的意義。 第三部分對(duì)我國(guó)著作權(quán)刑事保護(hù)立法的不足之處進(jìn)行了深入分析。本部分從保護(hù)范圍、.定罪標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、刑罰結(jié)構(gòu)幾個(gè)方面,分析了目前我國(guó)著作權(quán)刑事保護(hù)立法的不足之處。例如因保護(hù)范圍狹窄導(dǎo)致制作、出售冒用他人署名權(quán)的文學(xué)作品追究不到刑事責(zé)任。“以營(yíng)利為目的”的犯罪目的要求使得許多嚴(yán)重侵犯著作權(quán)犯罪逃避了刑罰制裁。刑法規(guī)定侵犯著作權(quán)犯罪以違法所得數(shù)額為定罪標(biāo)準(zhǔn),而犯罪行為給權(quán)利人帶來的實(shí)際損失不是定罪標(biāo)準(zhǔn),很難保護(hù)權(quán)利人權(quán)利。我國(guó)仍以自由刑為主、罰金刑為輔,資格刑和沒收財(cái)產(chǎn)刑都未得到適用。在侵犯著作權(quán)犯罪過程中,權(quán)利人主要遭受到的是經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的損失,而刑事保護(hù)立法沒有給予其優(yōu)先保護(hù)。 第四部分在借鑒吸收部分境外著作權(quán)刑事保護(hù)立法經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合我國(guó)具體國(guó)情,提出完善我國(guó)著作權(quán)刑事保護(hù)立法的見解。相比現(xiàn)行規(guī)定而言,我國(guó)可以適當(dāng)擴(kuò)大著作權(quán)的刑事立法的保護(hù)范圍,將廣播節(jié)目等納入《刑法》第217條規(guī)定,同時(shí)擴(kuò)大贗品的刑罰懲治范圍。將侵犯著作權(quán)罪的定罪情節(jié)“以營(yíng)利為目的”修改為“在商業(yè)過程中”。修改罰金刑,增強(qiáng)其操作性,同時(shí)降低自由刑和增加資格刑。切實(shí)提高被害人的訴訟地位,完善被害人的訴訟權(quán)利,保障被害人的自身利益。
[Abstract]:In 1994, China promulgated and implemented the decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on punishing the crime of infringement of copyright. For the first time, the criminal responsibility for copyright infringement should be stipulated in the legal model. Since then, our country's criminal protection legislation on copyright is in a positive way. Then, 1997 < People's Republic of China punishment. In the law, there are 2 charges of "crime of copyright infringement" and "crime of selling infringement replicas", which stipulate 5 kinds of serious infringement of copyright acts, which constitute a crime.2001 years after China joined the world trade organization, and amended the copyright law of the People's Republic of China for the implementation of the commitment to the agreement on intellectual property rights related to trade. In the forty-seventh article, there are 8 kinds of infringement acts that can be investigated for criminal responsibility. At this point, the legal protection framework of copyright criminal legislation is basically formed in our country. Although the criminal protection of copyright is relatively late in our country, there is a great difference in criminal construction, penalty setting and victim relief, compared with the developed countries of the Anglo American law system and the continental law system. But as a developing country, the speed of the development of copyright criminal protection in our country is in line with our national conditions, and the actual effect of it is well worth affirming. It has become the core competitiveness of the development of various countries. Therefore, our country's criminal protection legislation on copyright, how to achieve high efficiency in promoting the domestic economic and cultural development, how to cope with the international environmental pressure and how to adapt to the historical development trend, is very urgent for us to study and explore. This article is divided into the introduction and the text. There are three parts in the epilogue. The body contains the following four parts.
The first part is a brief introduction to the theoretical basis of copyright criminal protection. This part introduces the necessity of copyright criminal protection, the characteristics of copyright infringement and the degree of copyright criminal protection. First, the trend of the historical development of copyright criminal protection and the current situation at home and abroad are doomed to the necessity of copyright criminal protection. The regional restrictions on copyright infringement are gradually disappearing, and the means of crime are becoming more and more scientific and technological. The objects are focused on books and audio and video products into various forms of work, which not only disrupts the public economic order but also violates the interests of the individual, and the social harm is becoming more and more serious. Finally, it is briefly described in this paper. The relationship between the "strong protection" and "weak protection" and the degree of protection of public interests and personal interests, national conditions and international obligations in the criminal protection of copyright.
The second part is the investigation of the criminal protection legislation of overseas copyright. The investigation is divided into three parts: the first part is the main representative of the United Kingdom and the United States in the Anglo American law system, the second part is the main representative of the continental law system Germany, France and Japan, the third part is our port, Australia, and the Taiwan area. The investigation of the copyright criminal protection legislation in many countries and regions of the continental region is familiar with the provisions of the legislation of copyright criminal protection in most countries and regions of the world and the study of the legislative purpose and purpose behind the protection of the criminal provisions of copyright in these countries and regions. It is of great significance for China's copyright protection legislation to draw lessons from its essence in light of China's actual conditions.
The third part makes an in-depth analysis of the shortcomings of the copyright criminal protection legislation in China. From the scope of protection, the standard of conviction and the structure of the penalty, this part analyses the shortcomings of the current legislation on the criminal protection of copyright in our country. For example, the literary works of selling the right of signature for others are sold because of the narrowing of the scope of protection. The criminal responsibility of "making profit for the purpose" requires that many serious infringement of copyright crime evade punishment sanctions. The criminal law stipulates that the infringement of copyright crime takes the amount of the illegal income as the standard of conviction, and the actual loss caused by the crime to the right person is not the standard of conviction, it is difficult to protect the rights of the right holder. In the process of infringement of copyright, the rights holders are mainly suffered from the loss of economic interests in the process of infringement of copyright, and the criminal protection legislation does not give priority to the protection of the criminal protection legislation.
The fourth part, on the basis of drawing on the experience of absorbing part of the criminal protection legislation of copyright abroad and combining with the specific national conditions of our country, puts forward the views of perfecting the legislation of criminal protection of copyright in our country. Compared with the current regulations, our country can appropriately expand the scope of the protection of the criminal legislation of copyright, and bring the radio programs into the 217th rules of the criminal law. At the same time, the scope of punishment and punishment of the counterfeit is expanded. The crime of copyright infringement is modified to "in the business process" to "in the business process". To amend the penalty, to enhance its operability, to reduce the free punishment and to increase the qualification penalty, to improve the status of the victim's litigation, to improve the rights of the victims, and to guarantee the victims. Self interest.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D924;D923.41

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