本文選題：數(shù)字圖書館 + 版權(quán)授權(quán)　； 參考：《河南大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：數(shù)字圖書館總的來說是一種儲(chǔ)存有“海量”信息的數(shù)據(jù)庫，它是利用數(shù)字技術(shù)存儲(chǔ)和處理各種圖形和文字，從而打破傳統(tǒng)圖書館的地域性，把世界各地的信息用數(shù)字化技術(shù)存儲(chǔ)起來，以便于不同地域的使用者享用。通俗地說，數(shù)字圖書館就是一個(gè)無時(shí)間和地域限制的巨大的數(shù)據(jù)庫。 與傳統(tǒng)意義上的圖書館相比，數(shù)字圖書館具有不同的特點(diǎn)和功能，在信息的存儲(chǔ)和服務(wù)讀者的方式上都有了新的突破和發(fā)展。數(shù)字圖書館徹底改變了人們獲得和使用信息的方式，與傳統(tǒng)圖書館相比，其優(yōu)勢(shì)在于，數(shù)字圖書館以網(wǎng)絡(luò)化為背景，向使用者提供了比傳統(tǒng)圖書館更快捷、更現(xiàn)代化和更方便的方式來獲取信息，但是隨著數(shù)字圖書館迅速發(fā)展，其面臨的法律問題也日漸凸顯。眾所周知，數(shù)字圖書館是依靠數(shù)字技術(shù)對(duì)版權(quán)人的作品進(jìn)行存儲(chǔ)的，所以，數(shù)字圖書館首先面臨的就是版權(quán)的授權(quán)問題，加之?dāng)?shù)字技術(shù)的快速和便捷的特點(diǎn)，決定了數(shù)字圖書館可在短時(shí)間內(nèi)存儲(chǔ)大量的作品，這樣一來，如何在短時(shí)間內(nèi)得到“海量”的版權(quán)的授權(quán)許可呢？很多數(shù)字圖書館出于本身的利益，，甚至冒著侵權(quán)的危險(xiǎn)而直接使用版權(quán)人的作品。由此可見，數(shù)字圖書館的版權(quán)授權(quán)問題是亟待解決的問題，否則將會(huì)大大阻礙數(shù)字圖書館的建設(shè)和發(fā)展。 目前，存在于我國(guó)的數(shù)字圖書館的版權(quán)授權(quán)模式大致有以下四種：一是直接授權(quán)模式，即數(shù)字圖書館直接與版權(quán)人取得聯(lián)系，解決授權(quán)問題，顯然，這種方式不僅耗費(fèi)時(shí)間，還消耗了很多人力和財(cái)力；二是出版社或者期刊社代理授權(quán)模式，因?yàn)橐陨隙哒莆樟素S富的版權(quán)人的資源，他們與版權(quán)人有直接的聯(lián)系，基于此，數(shù)字圖書館在尋找版權(quán)人有難度時(shí)會(huì)與出版社或出版社聯(lián)系，而版權(quán)人則將版權(quán)授權(quán)交由他們處理，這種授權(quán)模式使版權(quán)授權(quán)的效率提升了，但是，這種方式也隱含了不少的法律問題，因?yàn)槌霭嫔绾推诳缡欠謩e和數(shù)字圖書館和洽談的，這其中不免會(huì)有不公平和糾紛發(fā)生；三是通過著作權(quán)集體管理機(jī)構(gòu)取得授權(quán)的模式，這種模式也可以大大地提高版權(quán)授權(quán)的數(shù)量和效率，且相對(duì)來講成本較低，但是，由于我國(guó)目前的著作權(quán)集體管理組織的數(shù)量較少，且發(fā)展的并不完善，所以影響范圍并沒有國(guó)外的著作權(quán)集體管理組織那樣大，加之其是以會(huì)員制登記進(jìn)行管理的，在我國(guó)覆蓋面并不是很廣；四是版權(quán)的授權(quán)要約模式，即著作權(quán)人在圖書出版的同時(shí)以要約的方式，聲明著作權(quán)人的權(quán)利和作品使用條件，而使用者并通過代理機(jī)構(gòu)向著作權(quán)人支付報(bào)酬，使用者只需履行授權(quán)要約確定的條款就可直接使用著作的模式。這種模式避免了著作權(quán)人與作品的使用者一對(duì)一商談的麻煩，從而使版權(quán)交易成本降低。版權(quán)授權(quán)要約模式對(duì)解決數(shù)字圖書館“海量”版權(quán)授權(quán)的問題起到了一定的作用，但是在版權(quán)人和出版社對(duì)這一方式認(rèn)識(shí)不夠明晰的情況下,單靠市場(chǎng)的推廣可能還有一定的難度。 不難看出，單靠目前我國(guó)現(xiàn)有的數(shù)字圖書館圖書館授權(quán)模式，很難解決當(dāng)前的“海量”版權(quán)授權(quán)的困境。要想真正解決這一棘手的問題，還應(yīng)該從著作權(quán)的制度上入手，即從著作權(quán)的限制手段即合理使用、法定許可和強(qiáng)制許可尋找合理的解決方案，同時(shí)對(duì)現(xiàn)有的授權(quán)模式進(jìn)行合理的改進(jìn)和完善，從而為數(shù)字圖書館版權(quán)授權(quán)尋找到更快捷、更合理的授權(quán)模式。 本文本著知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的利益平衡的精神，以權(quán)利人的版權(quán)保護(hù)兼顧公共利益和與國(guó)際版權(quán)公約相一致的原則，在不損害版權(quán)人的合法的利益的前提下，提出了對(duì)解決數(shù)字圖書館版權(quán)授權(quán)問題的一點(diǎn)設(shè)想：適當(dāng)擴(kuò)大合理使用和法定許可的范圍，減少著作權(quán)利用的障礙；完善版權(quán)集體管理組織的職能，提高數(shù)字圖書館版權(quán)授權(quán)的效率；引入版權(quán)的默示許可制度，增加數(shù)字圖書館版權(quán)授權(quán)的模式以及將版權(quán)補(bǔ)償金制度運(yùn)用于數(shù)字圖書館，減輕數(shù)字圖書館版權(quán)“海量授權(quán)”的壓力，希望用以上的措施來解決目前數(shù)字圖書館版權(quán)授權(quán)所面臨的困境。
[Abstract]:The digital library is a kind of database that stores "massive" information. It uses digital technology to store and deal with various graphics and characters, thus breaking the regional character of traditional library, storing the information from all over the world with digital technology so as to make it easy for users in different regions to enjoy. The library is a huge database with no time and geographical restrictions.
Compared with the traditional library, digital library has different characteristics and functions. It has new breakthroughs and development in the way of storing information and serving readers. Digital library has completely changed the way people get and use information. It is compared with traditional library. The advantage of digital library is that digital library is networked as a network. Background, it provides users with faster, more modern and more convenient ways to obtain information than traditional libraries. However, with the rapid development of digital libraries, the legal problems they face are becoming increasingly prominent. As we all know, digital libraries are relying on digital technology to store copyrighted works, so the digital library is the first one. The issue of copyright authorization, coupled with the rapid and convenient characteristics of digital technology, determines that a digital library can store a large number of works in a short period of time. In this way, how to license the "massive" copyright in a short time? Many digital libraries are in the interest of their own and even risk the danger of infringement. It can be seen that the copyright authorization of the digital library is a problem to be solved urgently. Otherwise, the construction and development of the digital library will be greatly hindered.
At present, there are four modes of copyright authorization in Digital Libraries in China: one is direct authorization model, that is, the digital library directly contacts with the copyright holders and solves the authorization problem. Obviously, this way not only takes time, but also consumes a lot of manpower and financial resources; two is the agency authorization model of the publishing house or the periodical agency. Since the above two have a wealth of copyright owners, they have a direct connection with the copyright owners. Based on this, the digital library will contact the publishers or publishers when it is difficult to find the copyright owners, and the copyright owners will handle the copyright authorization to them. This kind of authorizing mode improves the efficiency of copyright authorization, however, this kind of authorization is improved. The way also has many legal problems, because the publishing house and the periodical press are separately and digital libraries and negotiated, which can not avoid unfair and dispute. Three is the mode of authorization by the copyright collective management organization, this model can also greatly raise the number and efficiency of the copyright authorization, and relatively speaking. The cost is low, however, because the number of our current copyright collective management organizations is less, and the development is not perfect, so the scope of influence is not as large as the foreign copyright collective management organization, and its membership system is managed by the membership system, the coverage in China is not very wide; four is the mode of authorization of copyright. At the same time, the copyright owner declares the rights of the copyright owner and the conditions for the use of the work at the same time in the form of an offer, and the user pays the remuneration to the copyright owner through the agency. The user can use the mode of the book directly by the terms of the authorized offer. This mode avoids the copyright owners and the works. The problem of one to one negotiation makes the cost of copyright transaction lower. The model of copyright authorization plays a certain role in solving the problem of "massive" copyright authorization in the digital library, but it may be difficult to promote the market only when the copyright owners and publishing houses are not clear enough on this way.
It is not difficult to see that it is difficult to solve the plight of the current "massive" copyright authorization alone by the current digital library library authorization mode in our country. To really solve this difficult problem, we should start with the system of copyright, that is, from the means of copyright restriction, that is, reasonable use, legal license and compulsory license to find reasonable. At the same time, the existing authorization mode is improved and perfected reasonably, so as to find a faster and more reasonable authorization model for the copyright authorization of the digital library.
This text, with the spirit of balancing the interests of intellectual property, takes the copyright protection of the right holder into consideration of the public interests and the principle that is consistent with the international copyright convention. On the premise of not damaging the legitimate interests of the copyright owners, this text puts forward a tentative idea to solve the copyright authorization problem of the Digital Library: appropriate expansion of reasonable use and statutory license. To reduce the barriers to the use of copyright, improve the functions of the copyright collective management organization, improve the efficiency of the copyright authorization of the digital library, introduce the implied license system of copyright, increase the mode of copyright authorization in the digital library, and apply the copyright compensation system to the digital library, so as to lighten the "mass teaching" of the copyright of the digital library. The pressure of "power" wants to solve the difficulties faced by the current digital library copyright authorization by using the above measures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：G250.76;D923.41

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