本文關(guān)鍵詞： 《匯報(bào)》(1899-08—1911-08) 李gU(1840—1911) 科學(xué)傳播史 期刊傳播史 新聞事業(yè)史　出處：《西北大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文基于對(duì)晚清傳教士期刊《匯報(bào)》初期(第100號(hào)—第211號(hào))共112期原始文獻(xiàn)的考證分析,運(yùn)用內(nèi)容分析法和比較法,從傳教士期刊史、科學(xué)傳播史、中國(guó)新聞事業(yè)史、新聞傳播學(xué)角度切入,以分析辦刊環(huán)境著眼,著重探討了《匯報(bào)》編輯出版詳況、主編者的辦刊實(shí)踐活動(dòng)、傳播特色、傳播策略及其初期自然科學(xué)知識(shí)的傳播,特別是該刊對(duì)生物進(jìn)化論輸華后發(fā)起的第一輪猛烈攻擊這一科學(xué)傳播事件進(jìn)行分析,以期更加全面、客觀地評(píng)價(jià)《匯報(bào)》的學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值,為晚清期刊演化提供實(shí)證依據(jù)。 《匯報(bào)》是由“天主教第一報(bào)人”李扶所主編的一份以傳播西學(xué)、報(bào)道時(shí)事為主的綜合性教會(huì)期刊。依托法國(guó)天主教耶穌會(huì),《匯報(bào)》充分貫徹“學(xué)術(shù)傳教”策略,大力傳播西學(xué),其初期所傳自然科學(xué)知識(shí),大致梳理各學(xué)科17-19世紀(jì)以來的主要理論成果,但囿于當(dāng)時(shí)民眾科學(xué)素養(yǎng)大多低淺,故彼時(shí)所輸入的自然科學(xué),多為基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),僅處于啟蒙階段；社會(huì)科學(xué)上,較之前的《益聞錄》《格致益聞匯報(bào)》,不僅篇幅比重加大,而且明顯偏重對(duì)西國(guó)新思想、新體制等社會(huì)改革方面的介紹,盡管傳教士傳播西學(xué)之根本在于宣傳教義,擴(kuò)大教會(huì)影響力,但在客觀上卻促成西學(xué)東漸之風(fēng)盛行,對(duì)長(zhǎng)期處于封建思想禁錮下的中國(guó)人,具有深刻的啟蒙作用。同時(shí),《匯報(bào)》還衍生出諸多二次傳播產(chǎn)品,經(jīng)李杖所譯的《西學(xué)關(guān)鍵》《輿學(xué)續(xù)編》等科普書籍,均是先在《匯報(bào)》上刊載而后集結(jié)成書的,這些書籍涉及物理學(xué)、天文學(xué)、地理學(xué)、地質(zhì)學(xué)等基礎(chǔ)學(xué)科,為使國(guó)人了解當(dāng)時(shí)世界自然科學(xué)知識(shí)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r提供便利條件,進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大了西學(xué)傳播的影響�！皢柎稹币粰诘脑O(shè)立,延續(xù)了《格致匯編》以來傳教士期刊的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng),解答讀者之困惑,注重傳播效果的反饋,形成讀者與編者間互動(dòng)的傳播模式,有利于西學(xué)傳播的二次延伸拓展。 主編李gU先后創(chuàng)辦《益聞錄》《格致益聞匯報(bào)》《匯報(bào)》等系列傳教士期刊,首次實(shí)現(xiàn)了中國(guó)知識(shí)分子在西學(xué)傳播中逐漸由被動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)為主動(dòng)的身份,為天主教的文字出版事業(yè)傾盡畢生心力。他竭力維護(hù)天主教利益,只要遇到與天主教利益相沖突的言論,必奮起駁斥,以生物進(jìn)化論的批判為例,他憑借深厚的中西學(xué)修養(yǎng),寫成《天演論駁議》系統(tǒng)全面地對(duì)生物進(jìn)化論進(jìn)行批判,并直指其理論缺陷,堅(jiān)決捍衛(wèi)天主教的尊嚴(yán)。李gU也時(shí)常編發(fā)宣傳西方先進(jìn)體制和思想的評(píng)論文章,以頻繁的言論刺激廣大有識(shí)之士的覺醒。 《匯報(bào)》所載《物類生克說》對(duì)生物進(jìn)化論的“自然選擇”之說提出批判,成為第一份對(duì)生物進(jìn)化論提出批判的傳教士期刊,為主編李gU后期所發(fā)表的傳教士批判生物進(jìn)化論的力作——《天演論駁議》的誕生奠定思想鋪墊,客觀上促使國(guó)人開始了解生物進(jìn)化論,進(jìn)而影響其在中國(guó)的傳播深入化。 然而,囿于世界觀、認(rèn)識(shí)論的狹隘,《匯報(bào)》在西學(xué)傳播上始終存在矛盾性,對(duì)一般科學(xué)知識(shí)樂于介紹與宣傳；但對(duì)與教義相抵觸的科學(xué)知識(shí),則堅(jiān)定維護(hù)宗教立場(chǎng)堅(jiān)決批判。其大量刊載有關(guān)天體物理學(xué)與動(dòng)物學(xué)的科普文章,卻也固執(zhí)地堅(jiān)持“神創(chuàng)論”的至高無上,反對(duì)一切有違教義的科學(xué)知識(shí),充分暴露出傳教士期刊科學(xué)視野的狹窄。
[Abstract]:This article is based on the journal report < > early missionaries in the late Qing Dynasty (100th - 211st) of a total of 112 original literature research, using the content analysis method and comparative method, from the journal history, history of science communication, Chinese journalism history, the angle of journalism, to analyze the environment are discussed < > report details of editing and publishing, the editor of editorial practice activities, dissemination characteristics, communication strategy and the initial spread knowledge of natural science, especially the issue of China launched after the first round of attack the science communication events are analyzed on the theory of biological evolution, in order to get more comprehensive and objective evaluation of < >. The academic value, and to provide evidence for the evolution of journals in the late Qing Dynasty.
< > is a report by the editor of "the first Catholic newspaper" Li Fusuo to spread, comprehensive reports on current affairs of the church journal. Relying on the French Catholic Jesus, < report > to fully implement the "academic mission" strategy, vigorously spread, the preaching of the knowledge of natural science, hackle the main theoretical results of the discipline of 17-19 century, but was confined to the public scientific literacy are low, so that the input of natural science, many basic knowledge, only in the initial stage; the Social Sciences, compared to the previous "Yi Wen Lu Yi Wen > > Gezhi report, not only to increase the proportion of space, and was focused on the new ideas of western in China, social reform new system were introduced, even though there is transmission of Western missionaries spread Christianity, to expand the power of the church, but in fact has led to the prevailing winds, Feng Jiansi in the long term To imprison the Chinese, has profound enlightenment. At the same time, < > report also spawned many two spread products, and the key New Testament translated by Li rod < western science of Science > books, which is published in < report > and then assembled into a book, these books are about physics astronomy, geology, geography, and other basic disciplines to make people understand the development status of world knowledge of natural science to provide convenient conditions, to further expand the influence of the spread of Western learning. "Q" column of the establishment, the continuation of the tradition of the missionary journal < > Gezhi assembly, the puzzle of readers, focusing on communication effect feedback the form of interaction between readers and editors of the mode of transmission, is conducive to the spread of Western learning of the two extension.
The editor in chief Li gU has founded "Yi Wen Lu > > > < report on Yi Wen Gezhi series missionary Journal for the first time, China intellectuals in the western learning spreading gradually from passive to active status, for the Catholic text publishing the best life of heart. He tried to maintain the interests of the Catholic Church, when the conflict with the Catholic church the interests of speech, will rise to refute criticism to the theory of biological evolution as an example, by virtue of his profound accomplishment in Chinese and Western learning," tianyanlun refutation > system carries on the critique to the theory of biological evolution comprehensively, and points its theoretical defects, and resolutely safeguard the dignity of the Catholic. Li gU often has the western advanced system and ideological propaganda the commentary, with frequent speech stimulate the majority of a person with breadth of vision awakening.
< < > report contained substances that G > on the evolution of "natural selection" said it is criticized as the first put forward critical missionary Journal of biological evolution, critical biological evolution to missionary masterpiece editor Lee gU later published on the birth of "tianyanlun" laid the ideological refutation pave the way, objectively urges the people to begin to understand the biological evolution, thereby affecting its spread in the China deeply.
However, due to the narrow world view, epistemology, < > report always exist contradictions in the spread of Western learning, to introduce and promote the general scientific knowledge; but the conflict with the doctrine of scientific knowledge, is determined to maintain its position. A large number of religious criticism firmly devoted to astrophysics and animal science articles also, but stubbornly adhere to the "supreme God" theory, contrary to the teachings of the opposition to all scientific knowledge, fully exposed the missionary journal Science narrow field of vision.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：G239.29

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