由于人口的激增帶來了增加糧食產(chǎn)量這一挑戰(zhàn),而糧食生產(chǎn)的增加則導(dǎo)致了土壤退化和大氣溫室氣體濃度增加。土地退化則具體表現(xiàn)為:農(nóng)業(yè)和城市土壤的重金屬污染、有機(jī)質(zhì)損失而引起的土壤結(jié)構(gòu)變差、土壤緊實(shí)度增加、土壤肥力流失而導(dǎo)致農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力下降。由于生物質(zhì)炭具有固碳減排和提高土壤肥力的作用,因而作為一種改良土壤的方法被越來越提倡。同時(shí),由于其能修復(fù)土壤重金屬污染、增加土壤微生物量和微生物群落,因而也被大力提倡。但是,在全球范圍內(nèi)施用生物質(zhì)炭對土壤物理的作用沒有一個(gè)綜合性的評價(jià),來建議改善土壤質(zhì)量。同時(shí),也缺少研究來量化生物質(zhì)炭在大尺度下的土壤試驗(yàn)和其性質(zhì)對溫室氣體減排的影響,并得出生物質(zhì)炭在全球農(nóng)業(yè)上實(shí)施的強(qiáng)有力結(jié)論。實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?1、定量研究生物質(zhì)炭對土壤溫室氣體排放、重金屬和選定的土壤物理性質(zhì)的影響;2、明確生物質(zhì)炭對土壤物理性質(zhì)、溫室氣體排放和重金屬影響的主要因素。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的目的,我們采用整合分析通過比較研究結(jié)果來掲示共同的反應(yīng)趨勢。這項(xiàng)研究分為四個(gè)部分:1、我們將在2015年10月之前發(fā)布的文章其中可用的數(shù)據(jù)用以整合分析,并量化生物質(zhì)炭對選定的土壤物理性質(zhì)的影響。文獻(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的范圍包括:原來、裂解...

【文章頁數(shù)】：125 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
ABSTRACT
摘要
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
    1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION
        1.1.1 Biochar effects on soil physical properties
        1.1.2 Biochar effects on greenhouse gasses emissions from soils
        1.1.3 Biochar effects on extractable heavy metals in soils
    1.2 META-ANALYSIS
    1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
    1.4 OBJECTIVES
    1.5 HYPOTHESES
    1.6 RESEARCH FRAMEWORK
CHAPTER 2 QUANTIFICATION OF BIOCHAR EFFECTS ON SOIL PHYSICALPROPERTIES
    2.1 INTRODUCTION
    2.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
        2.2.1 Data collection
        2.2.2 Data categorization and treatment
        2.2.3 Meta-analysis
        2.2.4 Data treatment and statistics
    2.3 RESULTS
        2.3.1 Change in soil bulk density with biochar
        2.3.2 Change in soil aggregate stability (MWD) with biochar
        2.3.3 Change in soil porosity with biochar
        2.3.4 Change in available water capacity (AWC) with biochar
        2.3.5 Change in saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)
    2.4 DISCUSSION
        2.4.1 Biochar effects on soil hydrological properties
        2.4.2 Effects changes with the biochar conditions
        2.4.3 Effects changes with soil conditions
    2.5 CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 3 BIOCHAR EFFECTS ON GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION FROMSOIL
    3.1 INTRODUCTION
    3.2 METHODS
        3.2.1 Data sources and compilation
        3.2.2 Data categorization and treatment
        3.2.3 Statistical analysis
    3.3 RESULTS
        3.3.1 CO₂ Emission
        3.3.2 CH₄ Emission
        3.3.3 N₂O Emission
        3.3.4 Greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI)
    3.4 DISCUSSION
        3.4.1 Biochar effect on greenhouse emission: Biochar conditions versus soilconditions
        3.4.2 Biochar effects on greenhouse emission: Experimental conditions
        3.4.3 Biochar effect on greenhouse gas emission: Soil conditions
        3.4.4 Biochar effects on GHGI
    3.5 CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 4 BIOCHAR EFFECTS ON EXTRACTABLE HEAVY METALS INSOIL
    4.1 INTRODUCTION
    4.2 METHODS
    4.3 RESULTS
        4.3.1 Extractable heavy metals
        4.3.2 Cationic toxic heavy metals
        4.3.3 Cationic micronutrients
        4.3.4 Anionic toxic metals
    4.4 DISCUSSION
        4.4.1 Biochar effect on extractable heavy metal:cationic versus anionic
        4.4.2 Biochar effect on extractable heavy metal:application rates versus soilcondition
        4.4.3 Biochar effect on extractable heavy metal:Feedstock and pyrolysiscondition
    4.5 CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 5 OVERALL SYNTHESIS AND PERSPECTIVES
    5.1 INTRODUCTION
    5.2 COMPARATIVE QUANTIFICATION OF BIOCHAR EFFECTS BASED ON CHANGES INSOIL HYDROLOGICAL FUNCTIONS AND SOIL ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATIONFUNCTIONS
    5.3 COMPARATIVE QUANTIFICATION OF BIOCHAR EFFECTS BETWEEN THE DIFFERENTBIOCHAR PROPERTIES
    5.4 INNOVATIONS
    5.5 LIMITATIONS AND RESEARCH GAPS
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
PUBLICATIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT



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