蘋果因其味道可口,營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值高,成為廣泛種植的果樹,蘋果的種植和日常攝取量在世界各地日益增加。只有在采摘后妥善存放蘋果,才能確保蘋果帶來最大收益。冷藏,氣調(diào)貯藏（CA）與化學(xué)處理,比如1-MCP被廣泛用于延長(zhǎng)貯藏期和蘋果質(zhì)量。果實(shí)成熟后最重要的生理變化是后期乙烯破裂。因此,控制乙烯的產(chǎn)生可以減少果實(shí)的緊實(shí)度損失、代謝率和最終的采后衰老和腐爛。然而,其它發(fā)出成熟周期信號(hào)的植物激素仍不清楚。成熟轉(zhuǎn)變的改變主要取決于對(duì)成熟行為的理解,從而將成熟期從材料商業(yè)化階段延長(zhǎng)到生理成熟階段。蘋果進(jìn)行了轉(zhuǎn)錄組分析,闡明了成熟激素而非乙烯對(duì)蘋果成熟的調(diào)控作用。結(jié)果表明,結(jié)果表明,成熟后（HY₂0^o C₅ vs HY₄th）蘋果中有9187個(gè)差異表達(dá)基因（DEGs）,而成熟前（HY₄th vs HY₃rd）果實(shí)中有922個(gè)差異表達(dá)基因（DEGs）,相對(duì)較低。不同表達(dá)基因分析證實(shí)ABA和生長(zhǎng)素信號(hào)基因的關(guān)鍵參與。此外,一些轉(zhuǎn)錄因子也被上調(diào)或下調(diào),這可能對(duì)蘋果果實(shí)的成熟起到積極或消極... 

【文章來源】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院北京市

【文章頁數(shù)】：125 頁

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
附表
摘要
ABSTRACT
LIST OF Abbreviation
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
    1.1 BACKGROUND
        1.1.1 Origin and domestication of apple
        1.1.2 Growing condition and production
        1.1.3 Nutritional value
        1.1.4 Postharvest storage disorder
    1.2 FRUIT RIPENING
        1.2.1 Color changes
        1.2.2 Sugar and organic acids
        1.2.3 Fruit softening
        1.2.4 Aroma compounds
        1.2.5 Physiological changes and hormonal interaction during ripening
            1.2.5.1 Ethylene and ABA are the major contributors
            1.2.5.2 Cell wall dynamics and ripening hormones
            1.2.5.3 Relative roles of plant hormones on accumulation of sugars and acids
            1.2.5.4 Crosstalk between ethylene and other hormones
    1.3 POST-HARVEST TREATMENT TO MAINTAIN FRUIT QUALITY
        1.3.1 Low temperature storage
        1.3.2 Heat treatment
        1.3.3 1-Methylecyclopropane(1-MCP)
        1.3.4 Controlled atmosphere storage
        1.3.5 Salicylic acid treatment
        1.3.6 UV-C irradiation
        1.3.7 Melatonin treatment
            1.3.7.1 Melatonin biosynthesis in plants
            1.3.7.2 Effect of melatonin on Postharvest Produce
            1.3.7.3 Melatonin in abiotic stress responses
            1.3.7.4 Melatonin interacts with plant hormones
            1.3.7.5 Melatonin and ethylene interaction
            1.3.7.6 Salicylic acid pathways regulation by melatonin
            1.3.7.7 Defense response development by melatonin
    1.4 SCOPE AND OUTLINE OF THE THESIS
CHAPTER 2 PRE-AND POST-RIPENING HORMONAL REGULATION AND ANTHOCYANIN BIOSYNTHESIS OF EARLY RIPENING APPLE FRUIT
    2.1 ABSTRACT
    2.2 INTRODUCTION
    2.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS
        2.3.1 Plant material
        2.3.2 Organic acids and sugars measurement
        2.3.3 Total RNA extraction
            2.3.3.1 Quantification of RNA
        2.3.4 Reverse transcription and cDNA synthesis
            2.3.4.1 Purification of cDNA by removing genomic DNA
        2.3.5 Library construction and transcriptome sequencing
        2.3.6 Functional annotation and analysis of differential gene expression
        2.3.7 Quantitative Real-Time PCR(qRT-PCR)
        2.3.8 Statistical analysis
    2.4 RESULTS
        2.4.1 Changes in organic acid and sugar content in pre-and post-ripening Apple
        2.4.2 RNA-seq and differential gene expression analysis
        2.4.3 GO enrichment classification
        2.4.4 KEGG pathway analysis
        2.4.5 Confirmation of RNA-seq results by qRT-PCR
        2.4.6 Identification of DEGs related to ripening hormone
        2.4.7 DEGs involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis
        2.4.8 Transcriptional regulation during fruit ripening
    2.5 DISCUSSION
    2.6 CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 3 EFFECT OF EXOGENOUS MELATONIN TREATMENT ON POST-HARVEST QUALITY OF 'FUJI’APPLE DURING LOW TEMPERATURE STORAGE
    3.1 ABSTRACT
    3.2 INTRODUCTION
    3.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS
        3.3.1 Sample preparation and treatments
        3.3.2 Determination of weight loss percentage
        3.3.3 Respiration and ethylene production rate
        3.3.4 MDA content
        3.3.5 H_2O_2 content
        3.3.6 Antioxidant enzyme assays
        3.3.7 Sample preparation and metabolites extraction
        3.3.8 UPLC-Q-TOF MS based chromatographic detection
        3.3.9 Mass spectrometry condition
        3.3.10 Data processing and multivariate statistical analysis
    3.4 RESULTS
        3.4.1 Weight loss percentage
        3.4.2 Respiration rate and ethylene production rate
        3.4.3 Effect of MT treatment on MDA and H_2O_2 contents
        3.4.4 Effect of MT treatment on antioxidant enzymes activity
        3.4.5 Differential metabolites classification
            3.4.5.1 Sugars
            3.4.5.2 Organic acids
            3.4.5.3 Amino acids
            3.4.5.4 phenol
    3.5 DISCUSSION
    3.6 CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 4 MELATONIN TREATMENT LIMITED ETHYLENE PRODUCTION AND DELAYED POSTHARVEST SENESCENCE IN "FUJI" APPLE
    4.1 ABSTRACT
    4.2 INTRODUCTION
    4.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS
        4.3.1 Fruit materials and treatments
        4.3.2 Determination of sugars and organic acids
        4.3.3 Transcriptomic analysis
            4.3.3.1 Fruit sample and RNA extraction
            4.3.3.2 Library preparation and RNA-seq
            4.3.3.3 Functional classification of transcript sequences and differential gene expression analysis
            4.3.3.4 Expression analysis using quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)
        4.3.4 Statistical analysis
    4.4 RESULTS
        4.4.1 Effect of MT treatment physical disorder incidence
        4.4.2 Changes in sugars and organic acids
        4.4.3 RNA-seq and Differential Gene Expression Analysis
        4.4.4 Functional analysis of differential expressed genes
        4.4.5 Melatonin inhibites ethylene synthesis through down-regulation of biosynthesis genes
        4.4.6 qRT-PCR validation of RNA-Seq results
    4.5 DISCUSSION
    4.6 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
    5.1 CONCLUSIONS
    5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS
全文結(jié)論
REFERENCES
致謝(ACKNOWLEDGEMENT)
作者簡(jiǎn)歷(RESUME)



本文編號(hào)：3508587