重瓣花表型具有花大而多的形態(tài)特征,極具觀賞價(jià)值。但蘋果重瓣花發(fā)育的分子調(diào)控機(jī)制尚不十分清晰。揭示相關(guān)機(jī)制,為選育更多的重瓣花品種奠定研究基礎(chǔ)。本研究對(duì)蘋果重瓣花與單瓣花發(fā)育形態(tài),采用石蠟切片和光學(xué)顯微鏡對(duì)其進(jìn)行了不同發(fā)育時(shí)期的觀察和比較,找到了蘋果重瓣花形成和發(fā)育的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期,發(fā)現(xiàn)了在重瓣花中,雄蕊轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榛ò昊蚧ò隊(duì)罱Y(jié)構(gòu)。這些數(shù)據(jù)觀察提示了單花和重瓣花發(fā)育存在形態(tài)學(xué)差異。本研究以海棠【Kelsey海棠、西府海棠、王族海棠（兼具單雙花）】以及單花‘Dolgo’為材料,進(jìn)行了轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序。轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序結(jié)果表明,在蘋果單花品種和重瓣花品種的所有樣本比較中,顯著差異基因?yàn)?854個(gè)。在Go和Kegg注釋的基礎(chǔ)上,還發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量的發(fā)育和激素相關(guān)的差異基因,且大多數(shù)顯著差異基因在重瓣花中下調(diào)。基于加權(quán)基因共表達(dá)網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析法（WGCNA）和Cytoscape analysis相結(jié)合的方法,找出了重瓣花發(fā)育的關(guān)鍵基因,特別推測(cè)1個(gè)AGL24 MADS盒基因（MD08G1196900）和1個(gè)生長(zhǎng)素應(yīng)答基因（MD13G1137000）是重瓣花發(fā)育的關(guān)鍵候選基因。這些研究為理解蘋果重瓣花發(fā)育的復(fù)雜分子機(jī)制提供了線索,... 

【文章來(lái)源】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院北京市

【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：130 頁(yè)

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
abstract
Abbreviations
CHAPTER1 INTRODUCTION
    1.1 Double Flower Mechanism
    1.2 History/Origin of Double Flower
    1.3 Genetic Characteristics of Double Flower
    1.4 Floral Morphology and Responsible Genes in Plants
        1.4.1 The evodevotics of flowers
        1.4.2 Origin and major subdivisions of the MADS-box gene family
        1.4.3 MADS-box genes in Flowering Plants
    1.5 MADS-Box Transcription Factors
        1.5.1 Genes Responsible for Double Flowering
        1.5.2 Floral Development Models
        1.5.3 Isolation of MADS-Box Genes of Different Species
    1.6 MADS-Box Genes in Apple
    1.7 Epigenetic Factors Controlling the Floral Genes
    1.8 Regulation of Flowering by Environmental Factors and Epigenetic Factors
        1.8.1 The Effects of Leaf Removal Treatments
        1.8.2 Photoperiodic and Temperature Regulation
        1.8.3 Hormones Involved in Flowering
    1.9 Significance of the Study
    1.10 Objectives of the Study
CHAPTER2 Morphological Analysis of Apple Double Flowers and Homeosis
    2.1 Introduction
    2.2 Materials and Methods
        2.2.1 Plant Materials
        2.2.2 Scanning electron and light microscopy
    2.3 Results
        2.3.1 Physical Attributes
        2.3.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis
        2.3.3 Light Microscopy Analysis
    2.4 Discussion
CHAPTER3 Transcriptome Analysis and Weighted Gene Co-Expression Analysis(WGCNA)of Apple Double Flowers
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Materials and Methods
        3.2.1 Plant Materials and Growth Conditions
        3.2.2 RNA Extraction and Library Preparation for Illumina Sequencing
        3.2.3 Construction of Library
        3.2.4 Sequencing Quality Control and Reads Mapping to the Reference Genome
        3.2.5 Differentially Expressed Gene Detection
        3.2.6 Gene Enrichment Analysis
        3.2.7 Co-expression gene models
        3.2.8 Validation of RNA-Seq Data
    3.3 Results
        3.3.1 RNA Sequencing of Different Samples
        3.3.2 Transcriptome dynamics of double flowering
        3.3.3 Gene Ontology and KEGG analysis
        3.3.4 Recognizing TF-encoding genes associated with floral organ development
        3.3.5 Recognizing DEGs related to hormone
        3.3.6 Weighted gene co-expression analysis(WGCNA)
        3.3.7 Validation of RNA-Seq Data
    3.4 Discussion
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CURRICULUM VITAE


【參考文獻(xiàn)】：
期刊論文
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