Physio-biochemical Responses,Yield and Quality of Fragrant R
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2024-02-18 17:52
非生物脅迫是一個(gè)多層面領(lǐng)域,包括環(huán)境中不同的非生物因素或脅迫,對(duì)各種各樣物種施加壓力。植物在生命周期中經(jīng)常要面對(duì)多重非生物脅迫,嚴(yán)重影響它們生長發(fā)育。在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)中,作物生產(chǎn)力可能是最易受非生物脅迫,因此在氣候變化背景下,研究作物植株遭受不同非生物脅迫的響應(yīng)的生態(tài)學(xué)意義十分重要。香稻,一個(gè)小但質(zhì)量最佳的水稻組,因其特殊香氣和獨(dú)有味道舉世聞名。香稻多產(chǎn)于亞洲和中東國家,也向全國各地的國際市場出口。香稻品種產(chǎn)量相對(duì)于其他品種的產(chǎn)量較低,要是受到任何非生物脅迫,香稻產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)更是嚴(yán)重下降�？傮w而言,香稻對(duì)重金屬、鹽分和干旱脅迫敏感,專門去應(yīng)對(duì)多個(gè)受到的非生物脅迫的響應(yīng)機(jī)制難以評(píng)估。植物信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)機(jī)制胞間胞內(nèi)的聯(lián)系,一般負(fù)責(zé)一系列植物系統(tǒng)遭受脅迫環(huán)境的響應(yīng)。單分子和(或)脅迫代謝產(chǎn)物將外界刺激轉(zhuǎn)化為生理輸出,最后控制植物的生長發(fā)育和產(chǎn)量活力。γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)是一種四碳結(jié)構(gòu)的非蛋白氨基酸,被認(rèn)為是內(nèi)生的植物信號(hào)分子,調(diào)控植物對(duì)一系列脅迫的響應(yīng)。盡管過量的文獻(xiàn)研究了在非生物脅迫下不同生長調(diào)控或植物激素外源性應(yīng)用的積極影響,使用外源GABA對(duì)不同非生物脅迫下香稻生理生化響應(yīng)、產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)特征的...
【文章頁數(shù)】：272 頁
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【文章目錄】：
摘要
abstract
CHAPTER 1 Introduction and progress on the research
1.1 Climate change, abiotic stresses and rice productivity
1.2 Heavy metal stresses
1.2.1 Lead (Pb)
1.2.2 Cadmium (Cd)
1.3 Salinity
1.4 Drought
1.5 γ-Amino-butyric acid (GABA)
1.6 Rice and Fragrant rice
CHAPTER 2 Alterations in growth, oxidative damage, and metal uptake of five aromatic rice cultivarsunder lead toxicity
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Materials and Methods
2.2.1 Experimental soil and plant material
2.2.2 Pb-treatment application
2.2.3 Data collection and measurements
2.2.4 Experimental design and statistical analysis
2.3. RESULTS
2.3.1 Pb stress reduced the morphological growth and biomass accumulation
2.3.2 Pb induced oxidative stress and accumulation of soluble sugars, protein and proline
2.3.3 Pb stress variably affected the antioxidant metabolism
2.3.4 Pb uptake and its associations with agronomic characters and Pb translocation factor
2.4 Discussion
2.5 Conclusions
CHAPTER 3 Yield and quality responses, plant metabolism and metal distribution pattern in twocontrastive aromatic rice cultivars under lead (Pb) toxicity
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Materials and Methods
3.2.1 Experimental site
3.2.2 Experimentation
3.2.3 Sampling and data collection
3.2.4 Experimental design and statistical analyses
3.3 RESULTS
3.3.1 Pb-induced oxidative damage and osmolyte accumulation
3.3.2 Pb caused disruption in photosynthetic pigments
3.3.3 Pb induced regulation in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants
3.3.4 Pb uptake and distributive pattern in different plant parts
3.3.5 Yield and quality traits and plant biomass accumulation
3.4 Discussion
3.4.1 Pb promoted oxidative damage and regulated osmolyte accumulation
3.4.2 Pb toxicity disrupted photosynthetic pigments
3.4.3 Variations in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants under Pb stress
3.4.4 Pb uptake and distribution in different plant parts of aromatic rice
3.4.5 Pb caused yield losses, quality deterioration and rice biomass reductions
3.5 Conclusions
CHAPTER 4 Lead (Pb) toxicity; physio-biochemical mechanisms, grain yield, quality and Pbdistribution proportions in three different scented rice cultivars
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Materials and Methods
4.2.1 Experimental site, soil and conditions
4.2.2 Treatment application, nursery transplantation and crop husbandry
4.2.3 Sampling and Observations
4.2.4 Experimental design and statistical analyses
4.3 Results
4.3.1 Chlorophyll contents and carotenoids
4.3.2 H2O2, MDA contents, leaf leachates and osmo-regulation
4.3.3 SOD, POD, CAT and APX activities
4.3.4 GSH contents and reduced to oxidized GSH (GSSG), total glutathione (GSH+GSSG) andGSH/GSH ratio
4.3.5 Yield and grain quality related attributes
4.3.6 Correlation analyses among yield and yield contributing factors under Pb toxicity
4.3.7 Pb uptake and percentage accumulation in different plant parts
4.4 Discussion
4.5 Conclusions
CHAPTER 5Water dynamics affect physio-biochemical responses, yield and quality characters, Pbloadings and final grain Pb contents in fragrant rice
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Materials and Methods
5.2.1 Experimental details
5.2.2 Observations
5.2.3 Experimental design and statistical analyses
5.3 Results
5.4 Discussion
5.5 Conclusions
CHAPTER 6Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) regulates physio-biochemical mechanisms, yield andquality attributes and 2-acetyle1pyrroline contents in fragrant rice
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Materials and Methods
6.2.1 Experimental details
6.2.2 Sampling and data collection
6.2.3 Experimental design and statistical analyses
6.3 Results
6.3.1 Photosynthesis and gas exchange
6.3.2 Production of malanodialdehyde (MDA), H2O2 and electrolyte leakage (EL)
6.3.3 Accumulation of protein, proline and soluble sugars
6.3.4 Activities of antioxidants and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents
6.3.5 Yield and related attributes and above ground dry biomass
6.3.6 Grain quality attributes and grain 2-AP contents
6.4 Discussion
6.5 Conclusions
CHAPTER 7Exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) induced modulations in physio-biochemicalcharacters, photosynthesis and yield of aromatic rice under lead (Pb) toxicity
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Materials and Methods
7.2.1 Experimentation
7.2.2 Treatments
7.2.3 Sampling and data collection
7.2.4 Observations
7.2.5 Experimental design and statistical analyses
7.3 RESULTS
7.3.1 GABA reduced oxidative stress in rice under Pb toxicity
7.3.2 GABA protected chlorophylls and carotenoids in rice under Pb toxicity
7.3.3 GABA improved proline, protein and GABA contents in rice under Pb toxicity
7.3.4 GABA manifested net photosynthesis and gas exchange in rice under Pb toxicity
7.3.5 GABA modulated anti-oxidative activity in rice under Pb toxicity
7.3.6 GABA regulated GS and NR activity in rice under Pb toxicity
7.3.7 GABA improved yield and related components in rice under Pb toxicity
7.3.8 GABA reduced acquisition of Pb contents in upper plant parts
7.4 Discussion
7.5 Conclusions
CHAPTER 8Role of exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in alleviating the interactive effects of Pband Cd in fragrant rice
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Materials and Methods
8.2.1 Experimentation
8.2.2 Treatments
8.2.3 Sampling and data collection
8.2.4 Observations
8.2.5 Experimental design and statistical analyses
8.3 Results
8.3.1 Effect of GABA on MDA, EL and H2O2 under Pb and Cd toxicity
8.3.2 Effect of GABA on Chl a, Chl b and Carotenoids under Pb and Cd toxicity
8.3.3 Effect of GABA on proline, protein and GABA contents under Pb and Cd toxicity
8.3.4 Effect of GABA on SOD, POD, CAT, and APX activities and GSH contents under Pb and Cdtoxicity
8.3.5 Effect of GABA on GS and NR activities under Pb and Cd toxicity
8.3.6 Effect of GABA on photosynthesis and gas exchange under Pb and Cd toxicity
8.3.7 Effect of GABA on grain yield
8.3.8 Effect of GABA on metal uptake under Pb and Cd toxicity
8.4 Discussion
8.5 CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 9Exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) affects physio-biochemical functions, photosynthesis, yield and 2-acetyl1pyrroline contents in aromatic rice under salt stress
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Materials and Methods
9.2.1 Experimentation
9.2.2 Sampling and data collection
9.2.3 Observations
9.2.4 Experimental design and statistical analyses
9.3 Results
9.3.1 GABA protected chlorophyll contents and carotenoids
9.3.2 GABA protected rice against oxidative stress
9.3.3 GABA enhanced proline, protein, GABA and RWC contents
9.3.4 GABA regulated anti-oxidant defense mechanism
9.3.5 GABA modulated GS and NR activity
9.3.6 GABA enhanced photosynthesis and gas exchange
9.3.7 GABA reduced Na+ and enhanced K+ contents
9.3.8 GABA improved yield and related attributes
9.3.9 GABA increased grain 2-AP contents
9.4 Discussion
9.5 Conclusions
CHAPTER 10 Exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) improved the performance of aromatic riceunder drought conditions at different growth stages
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Materials and Methods
10.2.1 Experimental details
10.2.2 Treatments
10.2.3 Sampling and data collection
10.2.4 Observations
10.3 Results
10.4 Discussion
10.5 Conclusions
CHAPTER 11 Conclusion and Recommendations
Acknowledgements
REFERENCES
Paper Published in the Course of Ph.D
本文編號(hào)：3902291
【文章頁數(shù)】：272 頁
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【文章目錄】：
摘要
abstract
CHAPTER 1 Introduction and progress on the research
1.1 Climate change, abiotic stresses and rice productivity
1.2 Heavy metal stresses
1.2.1 Lead (Pb)
1.2.2 Cadmium (Cd)
1.3 Salinity
1.4 Drought
1.5 γ-Amino-butyric acid (GABA)
1.6 Rice and Fragrant rice
CHAPTER 2 Alterations in growth, oxidative damage, and metal uptake of five aromatic rice cultivarsunder lead toxicity
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Materials and Methods
2.2.1 Experimental soil and plant material
2.2.2 Pb-treatment application
2.2.3 Data collection and measurements
2.2.4 Experimental design and statistical analysis
2.3. RESULTS
2.3.1 Pb stress reduced the morphological growth and biomass accumulation
2.3.2 Pb induced oxidative stress and accumulation of soluble sugars, protein and proline
2.3.3 Pb stress variably affected the antioxidant metabolism
2.3.4 Pb uptake and its associations with agronomic characters and Pb translocation factor
2.4 Discussion
2.5 Conclusions
CHAPTER 3 Yield and quality responses, plant metabolism and metal distribution pattern in twocontrastive aromatic rice cultivars under lead (Pb) toxicity
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Materials and Methods
3.2.1 Experimental site
3.2.2 Experimentation
3.2.3 Sampling and data collection
3.2.4 Experimental design and statistical analyses
3.3 RESULTS
3.3.1 Pb-induced oxidative damage and osmolyte accumulation
3.3.2 Pb caused disruption in photosynthetic pigments
3.3.3 Pb induced regulation in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants
3.3.4 Pb uptake and distributive pattern in different plant parts
3.3.5 Yield and quality traits and plant biomass accumulation
3.4 Discussion
3.4.1 Pb promoted oxidative damage and regulated osmolyte accumulation
3.4.2 Pb toxicity disrupted photosynthetic pigments
3.4.3 Variations in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants under Pb stress
3.4.4 Pb uptake and distribution in different plant parts of aromatic rice
3.4.5 Pb caused yield losses, quality deterioration and rice biomass reductions
3.5 Conclusions
CHAPTER 4 Lead (Pb) toxicity; physio-biochemical mechanisms, grain yield, quality and Pbdistribution proportions in three different scented rice cultivars
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Materials and Methods
4.2.1 Experimental site, soil and conditions
4.2.2 Treatment application, nursery transplantation and crop husbandry
4.2.3 Sampling and Observations
4.2.4 Experimental design and statistical analyses
4.3 Results
4.3.1 Chlorophyll contents and carotenoids
4.3.2 H2O2, MDA contents, leaf leachates and osmo-regulation
4.3.3 SOD, POD, CAT and APX activities
4.3.4 GSH contents and reduced to oxidized GSH (GSSG), total glutathione (GSH+GSSG) andGSH/GSH ratio
4.3.5 Yield and grain quality related attributes
4.3.6 Correlation analyses among yield and yield contributing factors under Pb toxicity
4.3.7 Pb uptake and percentage accumulation in different plant parts
4.4 Discussion
4.5 Conclusions
CHAPTER 5Water dynamics affect physio-biochemical responses, yield and quality characters, Pbloadings and final grain Pb contents in fragrant rice
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Materials and Methods
5.2.1 Experimental details
5.2.2 Observations
5.2.3 Experimental design and statistical analyses
5.3 Results
5.4 Discussion
5.5 Conclusions
CHAPTER 6Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) regulates physio-biochemical mechanisms, yield andquality attributes and 2-acetyle1pyrroline contents in fragrant rice
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Materials and Methods
6.2.1 Experimental details
6.2.2 Sampling and data collection
6.2.3 Experimental design and statistical analyses
6.3 Results
6.3.1 Photosynthesis and gas exchange
6.3.2 Production of malanodialdehyde (MDA), H2O2 and electrolyte leakage (EL)
6.3.3 Accumulation of protein, proline and soluble sugars
6.3.4 Activities of antioxidants and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents
6.3.5 Yield and related attributes and above ground dry biomass
6.3.6 Grain quality attributes and grain 2-AP contents
6.4 Discussion
6.5 Conclusions
CHAPTER 7Exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) induced modulations in physio-biochemicalcharacters, photosynthesis and yield of aromatic rice under lead (Pb) toxicity
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Materials and Methods
7.2.1 Experimentation
7.2.2 Treatments
7.2.3 Sampling and data collection
7.2.4 Observations
7.2.5 Experimental design and statistical analyses
7.3 RESULTS
7.3.1 GABA reduced oxidative stress in rice under Pb toxicity
7.3.2 GABA protected chlorophylls and carotenoids in rice under Pb toxicity
7.3.3 GABA improved proline, protein and GABA contents in rice under Pb toxicity
7.3.4 GABA manifested net photosynthesis and gas exchange in rice under Pb toxicity
7.3.5 GABA modulated anti-oxidative activity in rice under Pb toxicity
7.3.6 GABA regulated GS and NR activity in rice under Pb toxicity
7.3.7 GABA improved yield and related components in rice under Pb toxicity
7.3.8 GABA reduced acquisition of Pb contents in upper plant parts
7.4 Discussion
7.5 Conclusions
CHAPTER 8Role of exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in alleviating the interactive effects of Pband Cd in fragrant rice
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Materials and Methods
8.2.1 Experimentation
8.2.2 Treatments
8.2.3 Sampling and data collection
8.2.4 Observations
8.2.5 Experimental design and statistical analyses
8.3 Results
8.3.1 Effect of GABA on MDA, EL and H2O2 under Pb and Cd toxicity
8.3.2 Effect of GABA on Chl a, Chl b and Carotenoids under Pb and Cd toxicity
8.3.3 Effect of GABA on proline, protein and GABA contents under Pb and Cd toxicity
8.3.4 Effect of GABA on SOD, POD, CAT, and APX activities and GSH contents under Pb and Cdtoxicity
8.3.5 Effect of GABA on GS and NR activities under Pb and Cd toxicity
8.3.6 Effect of GABA on photosynthesis and gas exchange under Pb and Cd toxicity
8.3.7 Effect of GABA on grain yield
8.3.8 Effect of GABA on metal uptake under Pb and Cd toxicity
8.4 Discussion
8.5 CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 9Exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) affects physio-biochemical functions, photosynthesis, yield and 2-acetyl1pyrroline contents in aromatic rice under salt stress
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Materials and Methods
9.2.1 Experimentation
9.2.2 Sampling and data collection
9.2.3 Observations
9.2.4 Experimental design and statistical analyses
9.3 Results
9.3.1 GABA protected chlorophyll contents and carotenoids
9.3.2 GABA protected rice against oxidative stress
9.3.3 GABA enhanced proline, protein, GABA and RWC contents
9.3.4 GABA regulated anti-oxidant defense mechanism
9.3.5 GABA modulated GS and NR activity
9.3.6 GABA enhanced photosynthesis and gas exchange
9.3.7 GABA reduced Na+ and enhanced K+ contents
9.3.8 GABA improved yield and related attributes
9.3.9 GABA increased grain 2-AP contents
9.4 Discussion
9.5 Conclusions
CHAPTER 10 Exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) improved the performance of aromatic riceunder drought conditions at different growth stages
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Materials and Methods
10.2.1 Experimental details
10.2.2 Treatments
10.2.3 Sampling and data collection
10.2.4 Observations
10.3 Results
10.4 Discussion
10.5 Conclusions
CHAPTER 11 Conclusion and Recommendations
Acknowledgements
REFERENCES
Paper Published in the Course of Ph.D
本文編號(hào)：3902291
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