多倍化是指在植物進(jìn)化基本過(guò)程中兩個(gè)或多個(gè)基因組合并到同一細(xì)胞核。通過(guò)對(duì)植物不同譜系分析及基因組分析,結(jié)果表明,所有開(kāi)花植物在進(jìn)化歷程中都經(jīng)歷了至少一次多倍體化事件。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),秋水仙素被廣泛用于植物的多倍體誘導(dǎo)。二倍體栽培棉種含有抗生物脅迫和非生物脅迫等特有抗性基因源,且纖維品質(zhì)優(yōu)良,在纖維長(zhǎng)度和強(qiáng)度方面具有很好的利用價(jià)值。目前直接通過(guò)種間遠(yuǎn)緣雜交,將這些優(yōu)良性狀轉(zhuǎn)移到廣泛栽培的四倍體棉花品種比較困難。如果能夠?qū)⒍扼w棉種（草棉Gossypium herbaceum,亞洲棉Gossypium arboreum.或雷蒙德氏棉Gossypium raimondii）的染色體數(shù)目加倍,不僅能夠解決二倍體與四倍體遠(yuǎn)緣雜交困難,同時(shí)也解決了二倍體與四倍體棉種雜交種不育的問(wèn)題。本研究對(duì)三個(gè)二倍體棉種草棉、亞洲棉和雷蒙德氏棉進(jìn)行了種子浸泡、幼苗水培和組織培養(yǎng)條件下3種方法的染色體加倍處理。結(jié)果表明,在種子浸泡和幼苗水培情況下,3個(gè)棉種均表現(xiàn)為秋水仙堿濃度在0.5%時(shí)加倍效果最好。種子浸泡處理時(shí),草棉加倍成功率最高（87.3%）,雷蒙德氏棉加倍效率次之（82%）,亞洲棉加倍效率最�。�69.3%）。在組織... 

【文章來(lái)源】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院北京市

【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：93 頁(yè)

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
ABBREVIATIONS
Dedication
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
    1.1 POLYPLOIDY IN COTTON
    1.2 ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF COTTON
    1.3 TAXONOMY AND GENOMIC EVOLUTION
    1.4 GEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION
    1.5 THE CELL CYCLE
    1.6 COLCHICINE AND CHROMOSOME DOUBLING
    1.7 HAPLOIDS AND DOUBLED HAPLOIDS
    1.8 HAPLOID TECHNIQUES
        1.8.1 In situ induction of maternal haploids
        1.8.2 Pollination with pollen of the same species
        1.8.3 Wide hybridization
    1.9 IN VITRO INDUCTION OF MATERNAL HAPLOIDS - GYNOGENESIS
    1.10 PATERNAL HAPLOIDS - ANDROGENESIS
    1.11 IDENTIFICATION OF (DOUBLED) HAPLOIDS
    1.12 DOUBLED HAPLOID
    1.13 APPLICATIONS OF DOUBLED HAPLOIDS
    1.14 DOUBLED HAPLOID AND MOLECULAR GENETIC
    1.15 STUDY OBJECTIVES
CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
    2.1 PLANT MATERIALS
        2.1.1 Gossypium herbaceum
        2.1.2 Gossypium arboreum
        2.1.3 Gossypium raimondii
    2.2 SEED PREPARATION AND TREATMENT
    2.3 PREPARATION OF COLCHICINE AND DILUTION METHOD
    2.4 SEED TREATMENT TECHNIQUE
    2.5 SEEDLING TREATMENT
        2.5.1 Hydroponic set up
        2.5.2 Hoagland nutrient solution
    2.6 TISSUE CULTURE TREATMENT
    2.7 CHROMOSOME COUNTING
    2.8 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
CHAPTER 3 RESULT
    3.1 SEED TREATMENT
    3.2 TISSUE CULTURE TREATMENT
    3.3 SEEDLING TREATMENT
    3.4 CHROMOSOME COUNTING
CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CURRICULUM VITAE


【參考文獻(xiàn)】：
期刊論文
[1]小麥─天藍(lán)偃麥草二屬雜種花藥培養(yǎng)基的建立和應(yīng)用[J]. 賈旭,莊家駿,胡適全,俞春江,聶道泰.  中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué). 1994(04)



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