在兩種生態(tài)條件下，氮肥和植物密度對棉花產(chǎn)量及產(chǎn)量行程過程的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2022-01-16 13:43
棉花是種主要的全球纖維和經(jīng)濟(jì)作物,在溫帶和熱帶地區(qū)大約有50個(gè)國家為實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)化的目標(biāo)而種植它。由于纖維品質(zhì)較好,其在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中起著重要作用。對于棉花的高效種植而言,了解其在不同田間管理措施下的棉花生長發(fā)育及產(chǎn)量變化情況十分重要。包括種植密度及氮肥在內(nèi)的眾多因素在棉花生產(chǎn)過程中有著重要作用。氮對于棉花的可持續(xù)生產(chǎn)十分重要,并且可以通過增加單株成鈴數(shù)從而提高光合速率、擴(kuò)大冠層、增加產(chǎn)量。而通過增加密度能夠在不犧牲產(chǎn)量的情況下減少投入。據(jù)報(bào)道,在中國的農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力從1995年的3億5500萬下降至2007年的3億1400萬,從事非農(nóng)業(yè)工作的比例由1986年的33%增加到2008年的63%,從而造成農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)勞動(dòng)力成本增加。然而,在晚播基礎(chǔ)上,適當(dāng)增加種植密度,在植物最需要的時(shí)期一次施肥,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)不減產(chǎn)的目的。本研究的主要目的就是探討這一生產(chǎn)模式下,N肥用量和種植密度合理的搭配組合。大田試驗(yàn)在兩個(gè)地點(diǎn)（中國和巴基斯坦）和兩個(gè)生長季節(jié)（2015-2016）進(jìn)行,采用裂區(qū)試驗(yàn),N施用量為主區(qū),PD為副區(qū)。N施用量兩個(gè)水平:低氮（LN）120 kg ha-1 高氮（HN）18...
【文章來源】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)湖北省 211工程院校 教育部直屬院校
【文章頁數(shù)】：106 頁
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【文章目錄】：
Abstract
摘要
List of Abbreviations
Chapter 1: Review
1.1 Cotton production in C hina and Pakistan
1.1.1 Cotton production in C hina
1.1.2 Cotton production in Pakistan
1.2 Cotton yield formation in relation to nitrogen and plant density
1.2.1 Cotton yield response to nitrogen
1.2.2 Cotton yield response to plant density
1.3 Cotton phenology in relation to nitrogen and plant density
1.3.1 Cotton phenology in relation to nitrogen
1.3.2 Cotton phenology in relation to plant density
1.4 Cotton nutrients assimilation in relation to nitrogen and plant density
1.4.1 Cotton nutrients assimilation in relation to nitrogen
1.4.2 Cotton nutrients assimilation in relation to plant density
1.5 Cotton photosynthesis in relation to nitrogen and plant density
1.5.1 Cotton photosynthesis in relation to nitrogen
1.5.2 Cotton photosynthesis in relation to plant density
1.6 Nitrogen and plant density interaction on cotton yield formation
1.7 Objectives
1.8 Research project grant
Chapter 2: Effect of nitrogen and plant density on cotton yield formation and nitrogen utilization in Hubei C hina
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Materials and Methods
2.2.1 Experimental site
2.2.2 Experimental design and treatments
2.2.3 Crop management
2.3 Data collection
2.3.1 Weather data
2.3.2 Cotton growth and phenology
2.3.3 Crop growth rate
2.3.4 Cotton biomass
2.3.5 Cotton lint, seed cotton yield, harvest index and ratio of seed cotton to stalk
2.3.6 Cotton yield attributes
2.3.7 Total nitrogen contents at different growth stages
2.3.8 Soil sampling and nutrients determination procedure
2.3.9 Statistical analysis
2.4 Results
2.4.1 Cotton growth and phenology
2.4.2 Cotton biomass production
2.4.3 Cotton yield, ratio of seed cotton to stalk and harvest index
2.4.4 Cotton yield attributes
2.4.5 Total nitrogen contents in cotton
2.5 Discussion
2.6 Conclusion
Chapter 3: Effect of nitrogen and planting density on cotton photosynthesis traits in Hubei China
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Materials and Methods
3.2.1 Experimental site description
3.2.2 Experimental design and treatments
3.3 Data collection
3.3.1 Leaf area
3.3.2 Leaf area index
3.3.3 Relative water contents
3.3.4 Chlorophyll contents
3.3.5 Cotton leaf gas exchange and photosynthetic rate
3.3.6 Photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO_2, and water use efficiency at different growth stages
3.3.7 Statistical analysis
3.4 Results
3.4.1 Leaf gas exchange, photosynthetic rate and leaf area of 4t h leaf
3.4.2 Leaf gas exchange, photosynthetic rate, leaf area and leaf area index at whole plant
3.4.3 Regression analysis of leaf gas exchange, photosynthetic rate and seed cotton yield
3.4.4 Relative water contents (%) and chlorophyll contents
3.4.5 Photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO_2, and water use efficiency at different growth stages
3.5 Discussion
3.6 Conclusion
Chapter 4: Effect of nitrogen rate and planting density on cotton yield performance in Punjab Pakistan
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Materials and Methods
4.2.1 Description of experimental site
4.2.2 Experimental design
4.3 Sampling and measurement
4.3.1 Cotton growth
4.3.2 Cotton biomass
4.3.3 Cotton yield and yield attribute
4.3.4 Cotton fiber quality
4.3.5 Cotton plant total nitrogen determination
4.3.6 Chlorophyll contents
4.3.7 Statistical analysis
4.4 Results
4.4.1 Cotton phenolo gy
4.4.2 Cotton growth characteristics
4.4.3 Cotton yield and related traits
4.4.4 Cotton fiber quality and related traits
4.4.5 Cotton total nitrogen contents
4.4.6 Cotton chlorophyll contents
4.5 Discussion
4.6 Conclusion
Chapter 5: Discussion and conclusion
5.1 Discussion
5.1.1 Cotton yield and its formation
5.1.2 Cotton yield and its phenology
5.1.3 Cotton yield and nutrients assimilation
5.1.4 Cotton yield, photosynthesis and leaf gas exchanges
5.1.5 Cotton planting in comparison between China and Pakistan
5.2 Conclusion
5.2.1 Cotton yield and its formation
5.2.2 Cotton nutrients utilization
5.2.3 Cotton photosynthesis
5.2.4 Comparison between China and Pakistan
5.3 Future perspectives
References
Publications
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
【參考文獻(xiàn)】：
期刊論文
[1]Effect of N fertilization rate on soil alkalihydrolyzable N, subtending leaf N concentration,fiber yield, and quality of cotton[J]. Binglin Chen,Hongkun Yang,Weichao Song,Chunyu Liu,Jiao Xu,Wenqing Zhao,Zhiguo Zhou. The Crop Journal. 2016(04)
[2]對國家棉花產(chǎn)業(yè)政策調(diào)整的認(rèn)識(shí)和建議[J]. 陳雪梅,張宏寶,董合忠. 中國棉花. 2015(02)
[3]種植密度對轉(zhuǎn)基因棉氮、磷、鉀吸收和利用的影響[J]. 徐嬌,孟亞利,睢寧,宋為超,周治國. 植物營養(yǎng)與肥料學(xué)報(bào). 2013(01)
[4]種植密度對棉花干物質(zhì)、氮素累積與分配的影響[J]. 劉瑞顯,史偉,徐立華,楊長琴,郭文琦,張培通. 江蘇農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報(bào). 2011(02)
[5]氮肥施用策略對棉花干物質(zhì)積累及產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成的影響[J]. 汪玲,朱靖蓉,楊濤,王斌,陳寶燕,劉驊,許詠梅,馬興旺,趙德臣. 新疆農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué). 2010(10)
[6]氮肥追施策略對棉花蕾鈴脫落的影響[J]. 郭勇,馬興旺,楊濤,牛新湘,王斌,許詠梅,劉驊. 新疆農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué). 2010(01)
[7]不同播期密度對超早熟短季抗蟲棉群體性狀的影響[J]. 唐光雷,李存東,孫傳范,劉連濤,李東曉. 河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào). 2010(01)
[8]膜下滴灌水氮對棉花根系構(gòu)型的影響[J]. 謝志良,田長彥,卞衛(wèi)國. 棉花學(xué)報(bào). 2009(06)
[9]Nitrate Leaching in an Irrigated Wheat-Maize Rotation Field in the North China Plain[J]. ZHANG Yu-Ming, HU Chun-Sheng, ZHANG Jia-Bao, CHEN De-Li and LI Xiao-Xin Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021 (China) Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008 (China) Department of Resource Management and Horticulture, Institute of Land and Food Resource, the University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria (Australia). Pedosphere. 2005(02)
[10]種植密度對新疆高產(chǎn)棉花群體光合作用、冠層結(jié)構(gòu)及產(chǎn)量形成的影響[J]. 張旺鋒,王振林,余松烈,李少昆,房建,童文崧. 植物生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào). 2004(02)
本文編號(hào)：3592775
【文章來源】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)湖北省 211工程院校 教育部直屬院校
【文章頁數(shù)】：106 頁
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【文章目錄】：
Abstract
摘要
List of Abbreviations
Chapter 1: Review
1.1 Cotton production in C hina and Pakistan
1.1.1 Cotton production in C hina
1.1.2 Cotton production in Pakistan
1.2 Cotton yield formation in relation to nitrogen and plant density
1.2.1 Cotton yield response to nitrogen
1.2.2 Cotton yield response to plant density
1.3 Cotton phenology in relation to nitrogen and plant density
1.3.1 Cotton phenology in relation to nitrogen
1.3.2 Cotton phenology in relation to plant density
1.4 Cotton nutrients assimilation in relation to nitrogen and plant density
1.4.1 Cotton nutrients assimilation in relation to nitrogen
1.4.2 Cotton nutrients assimilation in relation to plant density
1.5 Cotton photosynthesis in relation to nitrogen and plant density
1.5.1 Cotton photosynthesis in relation to nitrogen
1.5.2 Cotton photosynthesis in relation to plant density
1.6 Nitrogen and plant density interaction on cotton yield formation
1.7 Objectives
1.8 Research project grant
Chapter 2: Effect of nitrogen and plant density on cotton yield formation and nitrogen utilization in Hubei C hina
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Materials and Methods
2.2.1 Experimental site
2.2.2 Experimental design and treatments
2.2.3 Crop management
2.3 Data collection
2.3.1 Weather data
2.3.2 Cotton growth and phenology
2.3.3 Crop growth rate
2.3.4 Cotton biomass
2.3.5 Cotton lint, seed cotton yield, harvest index and ratio of seed cotton to stalk
2.3.6 Cotton yield attributes
2.3.7 Total nitrogen contents at different growth stages
2.3.8 Soil sampling and nutrients determination procedure
2.3.9 Statistical analysis
2.4 Results
2.4.1 Cotton growth and phenology
2.4.2 Cotton biomass production
2.4.3 Cotton yield, ratio of seed cotton to stalk and harvest index
2.4.4 Cotton yield attributes
2.4.5 Total nitrogen contents in cotton
2.5 Discussion
2.6 Conclusion
Chapter 3: Effect of nitrogen and planting density on cotton photosynthesis traits in Hubei China
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Materials and Methods
3.2.1 Experimental site description
3.2.2 Experimental design and treatments
3.3 Data collection
3.3.1 Leaf area
3.3.2 Leaf area index
3.3.3 Relative water contents
3.3.4 Chlorophyll contents
3.3.5 Cotton leaf gas exchange and photosynthetic rate
3.3.6 Photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO_2, and water use efficiency at different growth stages
3.3.7 Statistical analysis
3.4 Results
3.4.1 Leaf gas exchange, photosynthetic rate and leaf area of 4t h leaf
3.4.2 Leaf gas exchange, photosynthetic rate, leaf area and leaf area index at whole plant
3.4.3 Regression analysis of leaf gas exchange, photosynthetic rate and seed cotton yield
3.4.4 Relative water contents (%) and chlorophyll contents
3.4.5 Photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO_2, and water use efficiency at different growth stages
3.5 Discussion
3.6 Conclusion
Chapter 4: Effect of nitrogen rate and planting density on cotton yield performance in Punjab Pakistan
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Materials and Methods
4.2.1 Description of experimental site
4.2.2 Experimental design
4.3 Sampling and measurement
4.3.1 Cotton growth
4.3.2 Cotton biomass
4.3.3 Cotton yield and yield attribute
4.3.4 Cotton fiber quality
4.3.5 Cotton plant total nitrogen determination
4.3.6 Chlorophyll contents
4.3.7 Statistical analysis
4.4 Results
4.4.1 Cotton phenolo gy
4.4.2 Cotton growth characteristics
4.4.3 Cotton yield and related traits
4.4.4 Cotton fiber quality and related traits
4.4.5 Cotton total nitrogen contents
4.4.6 Cotton chlorophyll contents
4.5 Discussion
4.6 Conclusion
Chapter 5: Discussion and conclusion
5.1 Discussion
5.1.1 Cotton yield and its formation
5.1.2 Cotton yield and its phenology
5.1.3 Cotton yield and nutrients assimilation
5.1.4 Cotton yield, photosynthesis and leaf gas exchanges
5.1.5 Cotton planting in comparison between China and Pakistan
5.2 Conclusion
5.2.1 Cotton yield and its formation
5.2.2 Cotton nutrients utilization
5.2.3 Cotton photosynthesis
5.2.4 Comparison between China and Pakistan
5.3 Future perspectives
References
Publications
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
【參考文獻(xiàn)】：
期刊論文
[1]Effect of N fertilization rate on soil alkalihydrolyzable N, subtending leaf N concentration,fiber yield, and quality of cotton[J]. Binglin Chen,Hongkun Yang,Weichao Song,Chunyu Liu,Jiao Xu,Wenqing Zhao,Zhiguo Zhou. The Crop Journal. 2016(04)
[2]對國家棉花產(chǎn)業(yè)政策調(diào)整的認(rèn)識(shí)和建議[J]. 陳雪梅,張宏寶,董合忠. 中國棉花. 2015(02)
[3]種植密度對轉(zhuǎn)基因棉氮、磷、鉀吸收和利用的影響[J]. 徐嬌,孟亞利,睢寧,宋為超,周治國. 植物營養(yǎng)與肥料學(xué)報(bào). 2013(01)
[4]種植密度對棉花干物質(zhì)、氮素累積與分配的影響[J]. 劉瑞顯,史偉,徐立華,楊長琴,郭文琦,張培通. 江蘇農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報(bào). 2011(02)
[5]氮肥施用策略對棉花干物質(zhì)積累及產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成的影響[J]. 汪玲,朱靖蓉,楊濤,王斌,陳寶燕,劉驊,許詠梅,馬興旺,趙德臣. 新疆農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué). 2010(10)
[6]氮肥追施策略對棉花蕾鈴脫落的影響[J]. 郭勇,馬興旺,楊濤,牛新湘,王斌,許詠梅,劉驊. 新疆農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué). 2010(01)
[7]不同播期密度對超早熟短季抗蟲棉群體性狀的影響[J]. 唐光雷,李存東,孫傳范,劉連濤,李東曉. 河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào). 2010(01)
[8]膜下滴灌水氮對棉花根系構(gòu)型的影響[J]. 謝志良,田長彥,卞衛(wèi)國. 棉花學(xué)報(bào). 2009(06)
[9]Nitrate Leaching in an Irrigated Wheat-Maize Rotation Field in the North China Plain[J]. ZHANG Yu-Ming, HU Chun-Sheng, ZHANG Jia-Bao, CHEN De-Li and LI Xiao-Xin Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021 (China) Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008 (China) Department of Resource Management and Horticulture, Institute of Land and Food Resource, the University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria (Australia). Pedosphere. 2005(02)
[10]種植密度對新疆高產(chǎn)棉花群體光合作用、冠層結(jié)構(gòu)及產(chǎn)量形成的影響[J]. 張旺鋒,王振林,余松烈,李少昆,房建,童文崧. 植物生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào). 2004(02)
本文編號(hào)：3592775
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