不同氮源下鉬對冬小麥根系形態(tài)、光合作用及氮代謝的影響
發(fā)布時間：2021-12-02 12:38
小麥是世界第二大種植作物,它一直被認為是喜硝態(tài)作物且銨態(tài)氮對其具有毒害效應(yīng)。鉬是植物必需的微量元素,它通過含鉬酶影響植物體內(nèi)的諸多生理生化過程,尤其是在氮代謝中具有重要作用。本論文以鉬高效小麥品種 97003 和鉬低效小麥品種 97014 為供試品種。利用營養(yǎng)液培養(yǎng)試驗系統(tǒng)研究了不同氮源下（NO3--N、NH4NO3 和 NH4+-N）鉬對冬小麥根系形態(tài)、光合參數(shù)、氮代謝相關(guān)酶活及礦質(zhì)元素含量、銨毒誘導(dǎo)的抗氧化特性的影響。獲得的主要結(jié)果如下:（1）研究了不同氮源條件下施鉬對小麥根系結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。結(jié)果表明,不同氮源下施鉬均能促進根系生長,然而根系干重、根系形態(tài)指標、硝酸還原酶活性、NO 含量、NO3-含量、全氮含量、硝酸還原酶和硝酸鹽轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白等指標的增加幅度呈現(xiàn)以下順序:NH4NO3> NO3- > NH4<...
【文章來源】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學湖北省 211工程院校 教育部直屬院校
【文章頁數(shù)】：165 頁
【學位級別】：博士
【文章目錄】：
Abstract
摘要
List of Abbreviations
Chapter1:Research background and objectives
1.1 Research background:
1.2 Synthesis of molybdenum cofactor and role of Mo containing enzymes in plants
1.2.1 Synthesis of molybdenum cofactor in plants
1.2.2 Physiological functions of molybdenum containing enzymes in plants
1.3 The importance of molybdenum in agricultural production
1.3.1 Importance of molybdenum in agricultural crop plants
1.3.2 Importance of molybdenum in wheat plants
1.3.3 Importance of molybdenum in photosynthesis
1.3.4 Importance of molybdenum fertilizer in nitrogen metabolism
1.4 Plant molybdenum nutrition and the production of signaling molecules
1.4.1 ABA production
1.4.2 NO production
1.5 Role of molybdenum in plant antioxidative defense system
1.5.1 Molybdenum as a stress resistant element
1.5.2 Role of molybdenum in ammonium toxicity alleviation
1.6 Nitrogen fertilization
1.6.1 Effects of nitrogen fertilizer in wheat production and quality
1.6.2 Nitrogen sources
1.6.3 Importance of matching N source with plant species
1.6.4 Ammonium sources and risks for ecological systems
1.6.5 Ammonium toxicity in higher plants
1.6.6 Ammonium toxicity triggers ROS production and inhibits photosynthesis
1.6.7 Ammonium toxicity can be counterbalanced:the tolerance response
1.7 Importance of root system architecture in plant productivity
1.7.1 Cereals productivity through roots
1.7.2 Root system development and nitrogen use efficiency
1.7.3 Root system development under ammonium source
1.7.4 Root system development under nitrate source
1.8 Research objectives
Chapter2:Molybdenum improves the root system architecture of winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)under different nitrogen sources
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Materials and Methods
2.2.1 Plant materials and growth conditions
2.2.2 Determination of root morphology
2.2.3 Analysis of NR activities
2.2.4 Measurement of NO contents
2.2.5 Determination of total N concentration
2.2.6 Nitrate and ammonium estimation
2.2.7 Molybdenum estimation
2.3 RNA extraction and quantitative real-time PCR
2.3.1 Total RNA extraction
2.3.2 Synthesis of cDNA and genomic DNA removal
2.3.3 Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)
2.3.4 Statistical analysis
2.4 Results
2.4.1 Molybdenum supply increased root growth and root Mo accumulation of winter wheat under different N sources
2.4.2 Mo application enhanced the NR activities and NO contents in winter wheat cultivars under different N sources
2.4.3 Effects of Mo application on total N accumulation and nitrate and ammonium contents in wheat roots under different N sources
2.4.4 Mo supply regulated the expressions of Ta NR,TaNRT1.1,TaNRT2.1,and Ta NAR2.1 genes under different N sources
2.5 Discussion
2.6 Conclusions
Chapter3:Molybdenum-induced effects on photosynthetic efficacy of winter wheat under different nitrogen sources are associated with nitrogen assimilation
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Material and methods
3.2.1 Determination of leaf gas exchange parameters
3.2.2 Measurement of chlorophyll contents
3.2.3 Nitrate and ammonium estimation
3.2.4 Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)analysis
3.2.5 Analysis of NR activity
3.2.6 Determination of total N concentration
3.2.7 Molybdenum estimation
3.3 Results
3.3.1 Molybdenum supply increased the Mo concentration and dry matter accumulation of wheat seedlings under different N sources
3.3.2 Molybdenum application enhanced photosynthetic efficacy of wheat under different N sources
3.3.3 Molybdenum supply altered the chloroplasts configuration under different N sources
3.3.4 Mo application increased the NR activities,and affected the contents of nitrate and ammonium in leaves of winter wheat cultivars under different N sources
3.3.5 Effects of Mo application on total N accumulation of winter wheat cultivars under different N sources
3.3.6 Mo supply regulated the expression of Ta NR and TaNRT1.1 genes under different N sources
3.4 Discussion
3.5 Conclusions
Chapter4:Effects of molybdenum supply on nitrogen metabolism enzymes and elemental profile in winter wheat under different nitrogen sources
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Material and methods
4.2.1 Measurement of nitrite contents
4.2.2 Measurement of NiR activity
4.2.3 Analysis of GS activity
4.2.4 Measurement of GOGAT activity
4.2.5 Measurement of total amino acids
4.2.6 Measurement of total soluble proteins
4.2.7 Mineral Elements Assays
4.2.8 Total RNA Extraction and Quantitative RT-PCR
4.3 Results
4.3.1 Effects of Mo application on N metabolism enzymes activities under different N sources
4.3.2 Mo supply regulated the expressions of NR,NiR,GS and GOGAT genes under different N sources
4.3.3 Effects of Mo application on inorganic and reduced N accumulation in wheat leaves under different N sources
4.3.4 Effects of Mo application on the elemental profiling of winter wheat leaves under different N sources
4.4 Discussion
4.5 Conclusions
Chapter5:Molybdenum supply improves oxidative stress tolerance of winter wheat
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Materials and methods
5.2.1 Measurement of AO activity
5.2.2 Measurement of ABA content
5.2.3 Analysis of superoxide anion(O2-)and membrane damage
5.2.4 Analysis of antioxidant enzyme activities
5.3 Results
5.3.1 Effects of Mo application on whole plant dry biomass under different N sources
5.3.2 Mo supply enhanced AO activity and endogenous ABA contents under different N sources
5.3.3 Mo supply regulated the expressions of TaAO and TaAba3 genes under different N sources
5.3.4 ROS and the activities of ROS-scavenging enzymes of winter wheat plants under different N sources
5.4 Discussion
5.5 Conclusions
Chapter6:Conclusions and future directions
6.1 Main conclusions
6.1.1 Extent of complementation between Mo fertilizer and different N sources in winter wheat plants
6.1.2 Molybdenum fertilizer improved the root system architecture of wheat plants
6.1.3 Besides chlorophyll contents and chloroplast configuration,Mo application also increased photosynthesis through efficient N assimilation
6.1.4 Mo application increased the activities and expressions of N metabolism enzymes
6.1.5 Different N sources affected the macro-and micro-elements concentrations in the leaf tissues of wheat plants
6.1.6 Molybdenum application improved the oxidative stress tolerance of winter wheat plants
6.2 Future directions
References
Scientific contribution
Acknowledgement
【參考文獻】：
期刊論文
[1]Phytohormones and their metabolic engineering for abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants[J]. Shabir H.Wani,Vinay Kumar,Varsha Shriram,Saroj Kumar Sah. The Crop Journal. 2016(03)
[2]鉬對蘋果砧木平邑甜茶幼苗硝態(tài)氮吸收、轉(zhuǎn)化及分配的影響[J]. 劉利,歐志鋒,姜遠茂,魏紹沖. 植物營養(yǎng)與肥料學報. 2015(03)
[3]高銨脅迫對擬南芥幼苗側(cè)根生長的影響及機制探索[J]. 李青,李保海,施衛(wèi)明. 土壤. 2011(03)
[4]擬南芥幼苗對高NH4+響應(yīng)的特征及不同生態(tài)型間的差異[J]. 李保海,施衛(wèi)明. 土壤學報. 2007(03)
[5]Effects of Molybdenum on the Intermediates of Chlorophyll Biosynthesis in Winter Wheat Cultivars Under Low Temperature[J]. YU Min1, 2, HU Cheng-xiao1 and WANG Yun-hua1 1 Research Center of Trace Elements, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R.China 2 Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, P.R.China. Agricultural Sciences in China. 2006(09)
[6]低溫脅迫下鉬對冬小麥抗氧化防御系統(tǒng)及膜脂過氧化的影響(英文)[J]. 孫學成,胡承孝,譚啟玲. 植物生理與分子生物學學報. 2006(02)
[7]缺鉬對冬小麥不同品種葉綠素含量和葉綠體超微結(jié)構(gòu)的影響[J]. 喻敏,胡承孝,王運華. 華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學學報. 2005(05)
[8]鉬、硼對大豆光合效率的影響[J]. 劉鵬,楊玉愛. 植物營養(yǎng)與肥料學報. 2003(04)
[9]鉬、氮肥配合施用對冬小麥子粒蛋白質(zhì)及其氨基酸組成的影響[J]. 胡承孝,王運華,譚啟玲,魏文學. 植物營養(yǎng)與肥料學報. 2002(02)
[10]鉬對黃棕壤上冬小麥碳代謝的影響[J]. 龐靜,胡承孝,王運華,魏文學. 華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學學報. 2001(01)
本文編號：3528458
【文章來源】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學湖北省 211工程院校 教育部直屬院校
【文章頁數(shù)】：165 頁
【學位級別】：博士
【文章目錄】：
Abstract
摘要
List of Abbreviations
Chapter1:Research background and objectives
1.1 Research background:
1.2 Synthesis of molybdenum cofactor and role of Mo containing enzymes in plants
1.2.1 Synthesis of molybdenum cofactor in plants
1.2.2 Physiological functions of molybdenum containing enzymes in plants
1.3 The importance of molybdenum in agricultural production
1.3.1 Importance of molybdenum in agricultural crop plants
1.3.2 Importance of molybdenum in wheat plants
1.3.3 Importance of molybdenum in photosynthesis
1.3.4 Importance of molybdenum fertilizer in nitrogen metabolism
1.4 Plant molybdenum nutrition and the production of signaling molecules
1.4.1 ABA production
1.4.2 NO production
1.5 Role of molybdenum in plant antioxidative defense system
1.5.1 Molybdenum as a stress resistant element
1.5.2 Role of molybdenum in ammonium toxicity alleviation
1.6 Nitrogen fertilization
1.6.1 Effects of nitrogen fertilizer in wheat production and quality
1.6.2 Nitrogen sources
1.6.3 Importance of matching N source with plant species
1.6.4 Ammonium sources and risks for ecological systems
1.6.5 Ammonium toxicity in higher plants
1.6.6 Ammonium toxicity triggers ROS production and inhibits photosynthesis
1.6.7 Ammonium toxicity can be counterbalanced:the tolerance response
1.7 Importance of root system architecture in plant productivity
1.7.1 Cereals productivity through roots
1.7.2 Root system development and nitrogen use efficiency
1.7.3 Root system development under ammonium source
1.7.4 Root system development under nitrate source
1.8 Research objectives
Chapter2:Molybdenum improves the root system architecture of winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)under different nitrogen sources
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Materials and Methods
2.2.1 Plant materials and growth conditions
2.2.2 Determination of root morphology
2.2.3 Analysis of NR activities
2.2.4 Measurement of NO contents
2.2.5 Determination of total N concentration
2.2.6 Nitrate and ammonium estimation
2.2.7 Molybdenum estimation
2.3 RNA extraction and quantitative real-time PCR
2.3.1 Total RNA extraction
2.3.2 Synthesis of cDNA and genomic DNA removal
2.3.3 Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)
2.3.4 Statistical analysis
2.4 Results
2.4.1 Molybdenum supply increased root growth and root Mo accumulation of winter wheat under different N sources
2.4.2 Mo application enhanced the NR activities and NO contents in winter wheat cultivars under different N sources
2.4.3 Effects of Mo application on total N accumulation and nitrate and ammonium contents in wheat roots under different N sources
2.4.4 Mo supply regulated the expressions of Ta NR,TaNRT1.1,TaNRT2.1,and Ta NAR2.1 genes under different N sources
2.5 Discussion
2.6 Conclusions
Chapter3:Molybdenum-induced effects on photosynthetic efficacy of winter wheat under different nitrogen sources are associated with nitrogen assimilation
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Material and methods
3.2.1 Determination of leaf gas exchange parameters
3.2.2 Measurement of chlorophyll contents
3.2.3 Nitrate and ammonium estimation
3.2.4 Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)analysis
3.2.5 Analysis of NR activity
3.2.6 Determination of total N concentration
3.2.7 Molybdenum estimation
3.3 Results
3.3.1 Molybdenum supply increased the Mo concentration and dry matter accumulation of wheat seedlings under different N sources
3.3.2 Molybdenum application enhanced photosynthetic efficacy of wheat under different N sources
3.3.3 Molybdenum supply altered the chloroplasts configuration under different N sources
3.3.4 Mo application increased the NR activities,and affected the contents of nitrate and ammonium in leaves of winter wheat cultivars under different N sources
3.3.5 Effects of Mo application on total N accumulation of winter wheat cultivars under different N sources
3.3.6 Mo supply regulated the expression of Ta NR and TaNRT1.1 genes under different N sources
3.4 Discussion
3.5 Conclusions
Chapter4:Effects of molybdenum supply on nitrogen metabolism enzymes and elemental profile in winter wheat under different nitrogen sources
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Material and methods
4.2.1 Measurement of nitrite contents
4.2.2 Measurement of NiR activity
4.2.3 Analysis of GS activity
4.2.4 Measurement of GOGAT activity
4.2.5 Measurement of total amino acids
4.2.6 Measurement of total soluble proteins
4.2.7 Mineral Elements Assays
4.2.8 Total RNA Extraction and Quantitative RT-PCR
4.3 Results
4.3.1 Effects of Mo application on N metabolism enzymes activities under different N sources
4.3.2 Mo supply regulated the expressions of NR,NiR,GS and GOGAT genes under different N sources
4.3.3 Effects of Mo application on inorganic and reduced N accumulation in wheat leaves under different N sources
4.3.4 Effects of Mo application on the elemental profiling of winter wheat leaves under different N sources
4.4 Discussion
4.5 Conclusions
Chapter5:Molybdenum supply improves oxidative stress tolerance of winter wheat
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Materials and methods
5.2.1 Measurement of AO activity
5.2.2 Measurement of ABA content
5.2.3 Analysis of superoxide anion(O2-)and membrane damage
5.2.4 Analysis of antioxidant enzyme activities
5.3 Results
5.3.1 Effects of Mo application on whole plant dry biomass under different N sources
5.3.2 Mo supply enhanced AO activity and endogenous ABA contents under different N sources
5.3.3 Mo supply regulated the expressions of TaAO and TaAba3 genes under different N sources
5.3.4 ROS and the activities of ROS-scavenging enzymes of winter wheat plants under different N sources
5.4 Discussion
5.5 Conclusions
Chapter6:Conclusions and future directions
6.1 Main conclusions
6.1.1 Extent of complementation between Mo fertilizer and different N sources in winter wheat plants
6.1.2 Molybdenum fertilizer improved the root system architecture of wheat plants
6.1.3 Besides chlorophyll contents and chloroplast configuration,Mo application also increased photosynthesis through efficient N assimilation
6.1.4 Mo application increased the activities and expressions of N metabolism enzymes
6.1.5 Different N sources affected the macro-and micro-elements concentrations in the leaf tissues of wheat plants
6.1.6 Molybdenum application improved the oxidative stress tolerance of winter wheat plants
6.2 Future directions
References
Scientific contribution
Acknowledgement
【參考文獻】：
期刊論文
[1]Phytohormones and their metabolic engineering for abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants[J]. Shabir H.Wani,Vinay Kumar,Varsha Shriram,Saroj Kumar Sah. The Crop Journal. 2016(03)
[2]鉬對蘋果砧木平邑甜茶幼苗硝態(tài)氮吸收、轉(zhuǎn)化及分配的影響[J]. 劉利,歐志鋒,姜遠茂,魏紹沖. 植物營養(yǎng)與肥料學報. 2015(03)
[3]高銨脅迫對擬南芥幼苗側(cè)根生長的影響及機制探索[J]. 李青,李保海,施衛(wèi)明. 土壤. 2011(03)
[4]擬南芥幼苗對高NH4+響應(yīng)的特征及不同生態(tài)型間的差異[J]. 李保海,施衛(wèi)明. 土壤學報. 2007(03)
[5]Effects of Molybdenum on the Intermediates of Chlorophyll Biosynthesis in Winter Wheat Cultivars Under Low Temperature[J]. YU Min1, 2, HU Cheng-xiao1 and WANG Yun-hua1 1 Research Center of Trace Elements, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R.China 2 Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, P.R.China. Agricultural Sciences in China. 2006(09)
[6]低溫脅迫下鉬對冬小麥抗氧化防御系統(tǒng)及膜脂過氧化的影響(英文)[J]. 孫學成,胡承孝,譚啟玲. 植物生理與分子生物學學報. 2006(02)
[7]缺鉬對冬小麥不同品種葉綠素含量和葉綠體超微結(jié)構(gòu)的影響[J]. 喻敏,胡承孝,王運華. 華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學學報. 2005(05)
[8]鉬、硼對大豆光合效率的影響[J]. 劉鵬,楊玉愛. 植物營養(yǎng)與肥料學報. 2003(04)
[9]鉬、氮肥配合施用對冬小麥子粒蛋白質(zhì)及其氨基酸組成的影響[J]. 胡承孝,王運華,譚啟玲,魏文學. 植物營養(yǎng)與肥料學報. 2002(02)
[10]鉬對黃棕壤上冬小麥碳代謝的影響[J]. 龐靜,胡承孝,王運華,魏文學. 華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學學報. 2001(01)
本文編號：3528458
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