磷（P）是地球上組成生命有機(jī)體的最重要元素之一,并且被認(rèn)為是植物生長(zhǎng)的大量營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素之一。世界大多數(shù)農(nóng)業(yè)土壤都是缺乏磷的(土壤溶液濃度為0.05mg g-1。磷在光合作用,蛋白質(zhì)的合成和基因染色體的核心組成部分中扮演著幾個(gè)重要作用。土壤缺磷導(dǎo)致作物生長(zhǎng)和生產(chǎn)力的下降。因此,施用不同的有機(jī)和無(wú)機(jī)肥料去修復(fù)農(nóng)業(yè)土壤中的磷元素是很有必要的。磷的應(yīng)用通過分解有機(jī)物、氮的礦化（N）和影響土壤中微生物的生長(zhǎng)與活動(dòng),從而激發(fā)了生物地球化學(xué)循環(huán)。磷進(jìn)入土壤中通過C和N的循環(huán)大幅度地影響N₂O排放。然而,目前施磷對(duì)N₂O排放的影響沒有得到很好的理解。因此,我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了一些實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)和盆栽試驗(yàn)去研究在缺磷的土壤中,P對(duì)N₂O排放的影響。本研究中沖積缺磷土壤在所有試驗(yàn)中被使用。風(fēng)干的不同磷水平（0,20,40和50 mg kg-1）的土壤在培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)(溫度控制在25℃。尿素肥料作為不同氮?jiǎng)┝浚?和200 mg kg-1）,在水孔隙度（WFPS）為60%和90%的不同土壤濕度條件下施用在P試驗(yàn)土壤中。此外,生物炭（0和300 g/盆）單獨(dú)使用以及與... 

【文章來(lái)源】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)湖北省 211工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：119 頁(yè)

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
List of abbreviation
Abstract
摘要
Chapter 1: Background and literature review
    1.1 Greenhouse gases
    1.2 Sources of greenhouse gases
    1.3 Climate change
2O emissions">    1.4 Factors stimulating N₂O emissions
        1.4.1 Soil physical properties
        1.4.2 Moisture
        1.4.3 Temperature
        1.4.4 Soil p H
        1.4.5 Easily available carbon
        1.4.6 Nitrogenous fertilizers
        1.4.7 Soil microorganisms
        1.4.8 Enzymes
        1.4.9 Soil mineral nitrogen
        1.4.10 Land use change
2O production inhibitor">        1.4.11 N₂O production inhibitor
    1.5 Phosphorus
        1.5.1 History and role of P in soil
        1.5.2 Phosphorus chemistry in soil
        1.5.3 Phosphorus content in soil
        1.5.4 Phosphorus losses from soil
    1.6 Biochar background
        1.6.1 Biochar composition
        1.6.2 Biochar alters soil properties
        1.6.3 Biochar influences plants growth
    1.7 Research objectives
Chapter 2: Materials and Methods
    2.1 Soil sampling
        2.1.2 Soil analysis
        2.1.3 Analysis of gas fluxes
        2.1.4 Gas flux calculation
Chapter 3: Effect of different levels of phosphorus and soil moisture on nitrous oxideemission
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Materials and Methods
        3.2.1 Experimental designed and treatments
        3.2.2 Gas and soil sampling
        3.2.3 Statistical analysis
    3.3 Results
2O">        3.3.1 Dynamics of N₂O
4
+-N） and nitrate （NO_{3
--N） concentrations">        3.3.2 Soil ammonium （NH4
+-N） and nitrate （NO3
--N） concentrations
        3.3.3 Dissolved organic carbon （DOC） and available P concentrations
    3.4 Discussion
    3.5 Conclusion
Chapter 4: Effect of phosphorus under soil moisture on nitrous oxide emission
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Materials and methods
        4.2.1 Soil characteristic and analysis
        4.2.2 Experimental design, gas sampling and analysis
        4.2.3 Statistical analysis
    4.3 Results
        4.3.1 Nitrous oxide emission
        4.3.2 Soil mineral nitrogen
        4.3.3 Available phosphorus
        4.3.4 Dissolved organic carbon
    4.4 Discussion
    4.5 Conclusion
2O emission under controlgreenhouse conditions">Chapter 5: Phosphorus and biochar application effects on N2O emission under controlgreenhouse conditions
    5.1 Introduction
    5.2 Material and Methods
        5.2.1 Soil collection and experimental design
        5.2.3 Controlled environmental condition
        5.2.4 Properties of biochar and phosphorous
        5.2.5 Soil Sampling and Analysis
        5.2.6 Gas measurement and analysis
        5.2.7 Statistical Analysis
    5.3 Results
2O emission">        5.3.1 Dynamics of N2O emission
        5.3.2 Available phosphorus concentration
        5.3.3 Dissolved organic carbon （DOC） concentrations
4
+-N） and nitrate （NO3
--N） concentrations">        5.3.4 Soil ammonium （NH4
+-N） and nitrate （NO3
--N） concentrations
    5.4 Discussion
2O emission">        5.4.1 Effects of phosphorus on soil N2O emission
2O emission">        5.4.2 Biochar affects soil N2O emission
2Oemission">        5.4.3 Combined application of phosphorus and biochar enhances soil N2Oemission
    5.5 Conclusions
Chapter 6: General discussion and future perspective
    6.1 General discussion
2}O emission">    6.2 N₂O emission
    6.3 Future Perspective
References
Biography of the Author
List of Publication


【參考文獻(xiàn)】：
期刊論文
[1]Amendment of Acid Soils with Crop Residues and Biochars[J]. YUAN Jin-Hua1,2, XU Ren-Kou1, WANG Ning1 and LI Jiu-Yu1 1State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008 (China) 2Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China).  Pedosphere. 2011(03)
[2]Quick Measurement of CH4, CO2 and N2O Emissions from a Short-Plant Ecosystem[J]. 王躍思,王迎紅.  Advances in Atmospheric Sciences. 2003(05)
[3]Comparison of Manual and Automatic Methods for Measurement of Methane Emission from Rice Paddy Fields[J]. 鄭循華,王明星,王躍思,沈壬興,李晶.  Advances in Atmospheric Sciences. 1998(04)



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