中國(guó)彝族文化的民族學(xué)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-31 09:15
【摘要】：中國(guó)是個(gè)偉大的國(guó)家,歷史悠久,從遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)代一步步走來(lái),途經(jīng)不同 的歷史發(fā)展時(shí)期,寫(xiě)下了一頁(yè)頁(yè)輝煌的文化卷冊(cè)。中國(guó)也是一個(gè)民族眾多 的國(guó)家,在社會(huì)發(fā)展的長(zhǎng)河中,各民族共同創(chuàng)造了絢麗多彩、各具特色的 中華文化。在這個(gè)民族大家庭中,彝族是一個(gè)古老而光榮的成員。從遠(yuǎn)古 時(shí)代開(kāi)始,彝族的先民就和其他各族人民一道,為締造這個(gè)偉大國(guó)家做出 著貢獻(xiàn)。這一貢獻(xiàn)的突出表現(xiàn),就是彝族在漫長(zhǎng)的民族發(fā)展道路上創(chuàng)造了 大量的、獨(dú)特的、璀璨奪目的民族文化。這些文化是彝族人民勤奮智慧的 結(jié)晶,同時(shí)也深深影響著其他民族,成為中國(guó)各族的共同財(cái)富,是中華民 族優(yōu)秀文化的重要組成部分。 對(duì)彝族文化,不同學(xué)科有不同的觀察角度和研究方法。民族學(xué)是一門(mén) 以民族及其文化為研究對(duì)象的科學(xué)。它對(duì)文化的理解應(yīng)該是最全面的。因 此本文根據(jù)民族學(xué)的文化理論,從物質(zhì)文化、制度文化和精神文化三方面 對(duì)彝族文化的內(nèi)涵與特點(diǎn)加以探討。 論文共分五章,各章內(nèi)容如下: 第一章,彝族的起源與發(fā)展。廣布于中國(guó)西南的彝族,歷史悠久,源 遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)。但關(guān)于它的起源,因文獻(xiàn)記載不甚明確,造成過(guò)學(xué)術(shù)界的長(zhǎng)期爭(zhēng) 論,有過(guò)東來(lái)說(shuō)、西來(lái)說(shuō)、南來(lái)說(shuō)、北來(lái)說(shuō),乃至外來(lái)說(shuō)等不同觀點(diǎn)。但 經(jīng)過(guò)近幾十年來(lái)中國(guó)民族學(xué)、考古學(xué)、語(yǔ)言學(xué)、歷史學(xué)等多學(xué)科綜合研究, 基本斷定,彝族是由部分從西北南下的古羌人到達(dá)金沙江南北兩岸及滇中 地區(qū)后,融合了當(dāng)?shù)匾藻藶橹鞯耐林柯?逐步發(fā)展而形成的。由于分 布較廣,彝族先民時(shí)期便形成了很多支系。盡管如此,基于共同的地域、 共同的文化傳承與民風(fēng)習(xí)俗,以及歷史上“羅羅”的這一共同族稱,至遲 到公元13世紀(jì)的宋末元初,作為現(xiàn)代意義上的民族共同體,彝族已經(jīng)基本 形成。 第二章,彝族的物質(zhì)文化特征。一個(gè)民族的衣、食、住、行、生產(chǎn)工 具等物質(zhì)文化的特點(diǎn),都是由其特有的生存環(huán)境、生計(jì)方式?jīng)Q定的。追溯 歷史,彝族的生計(jì)方式經(jīng)歷了從原如狩獵、采集、中經(jīng)游牧畜牧業(yè),發(fā)展 到了以農(nóng)業(yè)為主,以及由粗放農(nóng)業(yè)到精耕細(xì)作的發(fā)展過(guò)程。生產(chǎn)工具、衣、 食、住、行等物質(zhì)文化也經(jīng)歷了各自的發(fā)展、變化過(guò)程,并體現(xiàn)了濃郁的 民族特征、地域特征和時(shí)代特征。 第三章,彝族的制度文化特征。民族學(xué)理論認(rèn)為,人類要從事生產(chǎn)生 活等各種社會(huì)活動(dòng),必須要結(jié)成一定的社會(huì)關(guān)系、社會(huì)實(shí)體,如群體、組 織、階級(jí)、階層等。人類的社會(huì)活動(dòng)是千差萬(wàn)別、紛繁復(fù)雜、不斷變化的, 但只要仔細(xì)觀察就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),這些紛繁復(fù)雜的社會(huì)活動(dòng)都是遵循著一定規(guī)律 有秩序進(jìn)行的,而這些群體、組織、階級(jí)、階層等社會(huì)集團(tuán)和規(guī)范這些集 團(tuán)、組織乃至個(gè)人的規(guī)律,使之按秩序行事的制度,就是制度文化的基本 內(nèi)容。按照歷史發(fā)展過(guò)程,彝族先民早期(原始時(shí)代)的社會(huì)制度,依次 經(jīng)歷了彝族文獻(xiàn)所稱“哎哺”(母系氏族公社初期)、“尼能”(母系社會(huì)繁 榮時(shí)期)、“希姆遮”(父系氏族與家族公社時(shí)期)三個(gè)階段。族外群婚制、 對(duì)偶婚制、一夫一妻制的婚姻制度,分別是上述三個(gè)階段制度文化的又一 顯著特征。彝族的奴隸社會(huì)制度至遲公元2世紀(jì)己經(jīng)存在。先后出現(xiàn)在西 南的滇池地區(qū)、工卜都地區(qū)、洱海地區(qū)、滇東北與黔西北地區(qū),以及公元8 一10世紀(jì)的南詔國(guó)社會(huì)。從公元10世紀(jì)后期起,當(dāng)上述地區(qū)大都陸續(xù)邁入 封建社會(huì)時(shí),唯有四川涼山彝族社會(huì),奴隸制度得到頑強(qiáng)保留,直到20世 紀(jì)50年代初。特殊的地理環(huán)境和歷史因素,是涼山彝族奴隸制度長(zhǎng)期保存 的主要原因。彝族封建社會(huì)的制度文化特征,主要是代表領(lǐng)主封建制的土 司制度。其中黔西北水西彝族土司制度又最具民族與地方特色。最后,本 章還專題探討了彝族家支制度這一社會(huì)文化現(xiàn)象的生成、性質(zhì)與基本特征。 第四章,彝族精神文化特征。民族學(xué)認(rèn)為,精神文化是人類精神生產(chǎn) 2 的全部成果。一個(gè)民族的精神文化包括哲學(xué)、倫理、道德、法律、科學(xué)、 文學(xué)、藝術(shù)、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣和宗教信仰等等。彝族的精神文化創(chuàng)造成果卓著, 令世人贊嘆。 彝族文字發(fā)明很早,據(jù)多方考證,應(yīng)不晚于公元初的東漢時(shí)期。彝文 文獻(xiàn)數(shù)量巨大,其中文學(xué)著作居首位,而且形式多樣,內(nèi)容極為豐富,它 與民間口頭文學(xué)一起,是挖掘彝族優(yōu)秀歷史文化的資源寶庫(kù)。彝族的倫理 有家庭和社會(huì)兩大部分,起著規(guī)范人們社會(huì)行為的作用。彝族的哲學(xué)思想 是在理性與迷信、宗教與科學(xué)、唯心與唯物,以及辯證法與形而上學(xué)的長(zhǎng) 期思辯中產(chǎn)生的,它主要反映在萬(wàn)物發(fā)生論、物質(zhì)本源論、陰陽(yáng)相配論、“五 行”“八卦”論、天人結(jié)合論、人類演化論、君民一體論等諸多論題的思辯 探討上。彝族藝術(shù),在音樂(lè)、舞蹈、繪畫(huà)這三大主要領(lǐng)域,每個(gè)領(lǐng)域從形 式到內(nèi)容都非常豐富,而且都表現(xiàn)出獨(dú)特的民族特征。彝族的音樂(lè)與舞蹈, 既自成體系,又緊密結(jié)合。融歌舞于一體的“阿細(xì)跳月”享譽(yù)中國(guó)各地, 是彝族歌舞藝術(shù)的精華。彝族的工藝創(chuàng)作,品種多樣,技藝精湛,尤其是 漆器,更以其玲瓏優(yōu)雅的造型和精美的彩繪圖案聞名海內(nèi)外。彝族的宗教 信仰,有本土的原始宗教,也有傳入的道、佛、儒教和基督教、天主教。 彝族原始宗教主要表現(xiàn)為多神信仰和祖靈崇拜。宗教巫師稱“畢摩”和“蘇 尼”,但他之間又有司職和地位的差別。道、佛、儒教很早由內(nèi)地傳入,并 受到歷
[Abstract]:China is a great country with a long history. It has gone through different ways from ancient times.
In the historical period of development, it has written a brilliant page of cultural volume. China is also a nation.
In the long course of social development, all nationalities have created colorful and distinctive features.
Chinese culture. The Yi people are an ancient and honorable member in this great family of nations.
Since the beginning of the era, the ancestors of the Yi nationality have joined hands with other ethnic groups to create this great country.
The outstanding contribution of this contribution is the creation of the Yi nationality on the long road of national development.
A large number of unique, dazzling national cultures. These cultures are the diligent and intelligent people of the Yi people.
Crystallization, at the same time, deeply affects other ethnic groups and becomes the common wealth of all ethnic groups in China.
An important component of excellent culture.
Ethnology is one of the different perspectives and research methods of Yi culture and different disciplines.
The science of nationality and its culture is the object of its study. Its understanding of culture should be the most comprehensive.
This article, based on the cultural theory of ethnology, consists of three aspects: material culture, system culture and spiritual culture.
The connotation and characteristics of Yi culture are discussed.
The thesis is divided into five chapters, each chapter is as follows:
Chapter 1, the origin and development of the Yi nationality. The Yi nationality, which is widely spread in Southwest China, has a long history.
Far from long, but its origin is not clear due to the lack of literature.
On the other hand, there are different points of view, such as the East, the west, the south, the north and the outside.
Over the past decades, Chinese ethnology, archaeology, linguistics, history and other subjects have been comprehensively studied.
It is basically concluded that the Yi people arrived from the ancient Qiang people from the northwest to the north and south of the Jinsha River and in Central Yunnan.
After that, the indigenous tribes of the local Pu people were gradually developed and formed.
A lot of branches were formed in the period of Yi People's ancestors.
The common cultural heritage and customs, as well as the "Luo Luo" in the history of this common race, said at the latest.
By the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the thirteenth Century, as a national community in the modern sense, the Yi people had been basically
Form.
The second chapter is about the material and cultural characteristics of the Yi nationality.
The characteristics of other material cultures are determined by their unique living environment and livelihood.
Historically, the way of livelihood of the Yi people has gone through the development of hunting, gathering, and nomadic animal husbandry.
To the development of agriculture, and from extensive agriculture to intensive farming.
Food, shelter, travel and other material culture also experienced their own development, change process, and reflected the rich.
National characteristics, regional characteristics and characteristics of the times.
The third chapter is about the characteristics of the system and culture of the Yi nationality.
All kinds of social activities such as living must form certain social relations, social entities, such as groups and groups.
The social activities of mankind are varied, complex and changing.
But as long as we observe carefully, we find that these complicated social activities follow certain rules.
These groups, such as groups, organizations, classes, classes, etc., are organized orderly and standardized.
The system of regiment, organization and even individual makes it a basic system culture.
According to the historical development process, the social system of the early Yi (primitive times) of the Yi people was in turn.
The "Yi Nu" (matriarchal commune) at the early stage of the Yi People's literature, and the "nun" (matriarchal society)
The three stages of "SIM Shah" (patriarchal clan and family commune).
The dual marriage system and monogamous marriage system are another three stages of the system culture.
The slave social system of the Yi nationality existed at the end of the second Century ad.
The southern part of Dianchi is located in the area of Erhai, the northeast of Yunnan and the northwest of Guizhou, and 8 A. D.
The Nanzhao society of Tenth Century. Since the late tenth Century, most of the above areas have entered.
In feudal society, only the Yi people in Liangshan, Sichuan, the slavery system was tenaciously retained until the 20 world.
In the early 50s, special geographical environment and historical factors were the long-term preservation of the Yi People's slavery system in Liangshan.
The main reason for the system and culture of the feudal society of Yi nationality is mainly the feudal system of the feudal lords.
The system of chieftain of the Yi people in the northwest of Guizhou has the most ethnic and local characteristics.
The chapter also discusses the formation, nature and basic characteristics of the social and cultural phenomenon of the family system of the Yi nationality.
The fourth chapter is about the spiritual and cultural characteristics of the Yi nationality. Ethnology holds that spiritual culture is the production of human spirit.
Two
The spiritual culture of a nation includes philosophy, ethics, morality, law and science.
Literature, art, customs and religious beliefs, etc. the Yi People's spiritual and cultural achievements have been outstanding.
Praise the world.
The invention of Yi characters was very early. According to many textual research, it should be later than the Eastern Han Dynasty.
The number of documents is huge, among which the literary works are the first place, with various forms and rich contents.
Together with folk oral literature, it is a resource repository for mining Yi's excellent history and culture.
There are two parts of family and society, which play a role in regulating people's social behavior.
It is in reason and superstition, religion and science, idealism and materialism, and dialectics and metaphysics.
It is mainly reflected in the theory of the genesis of everything, the theory of material origin, the theory of yin and Yang matching, "Five".
The theory of "Xing", "Eight Diagrams", the theory of combination of man and nature, human evolution theory, the theory of unity between man and man, and so on.
In the three major fields of music, dance and painting, the Yi People's art is different from each other.
They are very rich in content, and show unique national characteristics.
It is a combination of music and dance.
It is the quintessence of the Yi song and dance art. The Yi nationality's craft creation is various, and its skill is exquisite.
Lacquer ware is famous for its exquisite and elegant patterns and exquisite coloured patterns.
Belief includes native primitive religion, Buddhism, Confucianism and Christianity, and Catholicism.
The primitive religion of Yi nationality is mainly manifested in polytheism and ancestral worship. Religious witches called "bemo" and "Su".
But there is a difference between his position and status.
Experience
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2005
【分類號(hào)】：C955
本文編號(hào)：2214558
[Abstract]:China is a great country with a long history. It has gone through different ways from ancient times.
In the historical period of development, it has written a brilliant page of cultural volume. China is also a nation.
In the long course of social development, all nationalities have created colorful and distinctive features.
Chinese culture. The Yi people are an ancient and honorable member in this great family of nations.
Since the beginning of the era, the ancestors of the Yi nationality have joined hands with other ethnic groups to create this great country.
The outstanding contribution of this contribution is the creation of the Yi nationality on the long road of national development.
A large number of unique, dazzling national cultures. These cultures are the diligent and intelligent people of the Yi people.
Crystallization, at the same time, deeply affects other ethnic groups and becomes the common wealth of all ethnic groups in China.
An important component of excellent culture.
Ethnology is one of the different perspectives and research methods of Yi culture and different disciplines.
The science of nationality and its culture is the object of its study. Its understanding of culture should be the most comprehensive.
This article, based on the cultural theory of ethnology, consists of three aspects: material culture, system culture and spiritual culture.
The connotation and characteristics of Yi culture are discussed.
The thesis is divided into five chapters, each chapter is as follows:
Chapter 1, the origin and development of the Yi nationality. The Yi nationality, which is widely spread in Southwest China, has a long history.
Far from long, but its origin is not clear due to the lack of literature.
On the other hand, there are different points of view, such as the East, the west, the south, the north and the outside.
Over the past decades, Chinese ethnology, archaeology, linguistics, history and other subjects have been comprehensively studied.
It is basically concluded that the Yi people arrived from the ancient Qiang people from the northwest to the north and south of the Jinsha River and in Central Yunnan.
After that, the indigenous tribes of the local Pu people were gradually developed and formed.
A lot of branches were formed in the period of Yi People's ancestors.
The common cultural heritage and customs, as well as the "Luo Luo" in the history of this common race, said at the latest.
By the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the thirteenth Century, as a national community in the modern sense, the Yi people had been basically
Form.
The second chapter is about the material and cultural characteristics of the Yi nationality.
The characteristics of other material cultures are determined by their unique living environment and livelihood.
Historically, the way of livelihood of the Yi people has gone through the development of hunting, gathering, and nomadic animal husbandry.
To the development of agriculture, and from extensive agriculture to intensive farming.
Food, shelter, travel and other material culture also experienced their own development, change process, and reflected the rich.
National characteristics, regional characteristics and characteristics of the times.
The third chapter is about the characteristics of the system and culture of the Yi nationality.
All kinds of social activities such as living must form certain social relations, social entities, such as groups and groups.
The social activities of mankind are varied, complex and changing.
But as long as we observe carefully, we find that these complicated social activities follow certain rules.
These groups, such as groups, organizations, classes, classes, etc., are organized orderly and standardized.
The system of regiment, organization and even individual makes it a basic system culture.
According to the historical development process, the social system of the early Yi (primitive times) of the Yi people was in turn.
The "Yi Nu" (matriarchal commune) at the early stage of the Yi People's literature, and the "nun" (matriarchal society)
The three stages of "SIM Shah" (patriarchal clan and family commune).
The dual marriage system and monogamous marriage system are another three stages of the system culture.
The slave social system of the Yi nationality existed at the end of the second Century ad.
The southern part of Dianchi is located in the area of Erhai, the northeast of Yunnan and the northwest of Guizhou, and 8 A. D.
The Nanzhao society of Tenth Century. Since the late tenth Century, most of the above areas have entered.
In feudal society, only the Yi people in Liangshan, Sichuan, the slavery system was tenaciously retained until the 20 world.
In the early 50s, special geographical environment and historical factors were the long-term preservation of the Yi People's slavery system in Liangshan.
The main reason for the system and culture of the feudal society of Yi nationality is mainly the feudal system of the feudal lords.
The system of chieftain of the Yi people in the northwest of Guizhou has the most ethnic and local characteristics.
The chapter also discusses the formation, nature and basic characteristics of the social and cultural phenomenon of the family system of the Yi nationality.
The fourth chapter is about the spiritual and cultural characteristics of the Yi nationality. Ethnology holds that spiritual culture is the production of human spirit.
Two
The spiritual culture of a nation includes philosophy, ethics, morality, law and science.
Literature, art, customs and religious beliefs, etc. the Yi People's spiritual and cultural achievements have been outstanding.
Praise the world.
The invention of Yi characters was very early. According to many textual research, it should be later than the Eastern Han Dynasty.
The number of documents is huge, among which the literary works are the first place, with various forms and rich contents.
Together with folk oral literature, it is a resource repository for mining Yi's excellent history and culture.
There are two parts of family and society, which play a role in regulating people's social behavior.
It is in reason and superstition, religion and science, idealism and materialism, and dialectics and metaphysics.
It is mainly reflected in the theory of the genesis of everything, the theory of material origin, the theory of yin and Yang matching, "Five".
The theory of "Xing", "Eight Diagrams", the theory of combination of man and nature, human evolution theory, the theory of unity between man and man, and so on.
In the three major fields of music, dance and painting, the Yi People's art is different from each other.
They are very rich in content, and show unique national characteristics.
It is a combination of music and dance.
It is the quintessence of the Yi song and dance art. The Yi nationality's craft creation is various, and its skill is exquisite.
Lacquer ware is famous for its exquisite and elegant patterns and exquisite coloured patterns.
Belief includes native primitive religion, Buddhism, Confucianism and Christianity, and Catholicism.
The primitive religion of Yi nationality is mainly manifested in polytheism and ancestral worship. Religious witches called "bemo" and "Su".
But there is a difference between his position and status.
Experience
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2005
【分類號(hào)】：C955
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條
1 童正容;轉(zhuǎn)型中的西部民族社區(qū)發(fā)展研究[D];四川大學(xué);2006年
2 宋經(jīng)同;涼山彝族習(xí)慣法中的傳統(tǒng)道德價(jià)值觀[D];西南大學(xué);2008年
，本文編號(hào)：2214558
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/minzufengsulunwen/2214558.html
最近更新
教材專著
