本文選題：明清　切入點：徽州　出處：《安徽大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：中國是一個禮儀之邦,喪葬則被中國古代社會認為是最重要的人生禮儀之一。喪葬的初始目的是安葬死者,經(jīng)過多年的演變則成了生者對死者表達悼念和緬懷之情的外在表現(xiàn)形式,因此是中國古代社會生活的重要組成部分,同時也是政府和民間所聚焦的重社會大活動之一。中國喪葬禮俗的歷史發(fā)展軌跡,始終貫穿著孝道思想和靈魂崇拜這兩條主線,通過對徽州地區(qū)的喪葬研究還可以發(fā)現(xiàn)其承載著宗法制度下的血緣關(guān)系和與之相應(yīng)的社會關(guān)系。可見不同時代各個地區(qū)的喪葬活動,是政治、經(jīng)濟、思想文化狀態(tài)互相交織在一起的社會反應(yīng),有助于我們深入地研究當時的歷史。 本文以徽州地方志、徽州族譜、朱熹《家禮》作為研究的基本史料和文本,同時參考徽州文書、《茗洲吳氏家典》、《東原文集》、《太函集》、《歙事閑譚》、《歙紀》等文集和雜文。通過對這些史料的文本解讀,將明清徽州地區(qū)喪葬禮俗的發(fā)展變化做了梳理。一方面,論述了喪葬習(xí)俗的歷史傳承和發(fā)展演變,并結(jié)合朱熹《家禮》和明清時期的徽州地方志、族譜等資料,還原了當時喪葬禮儀的大致程序,突出了朱熹思想對徽州地區(qū)喪葬習(xí)俗的重大影響。另一方面,對明清徽州地區(qū)喪葬禮俗呈現(xiàn)的一些區(qū)域地性特色以及某些僭越逾制的做法進行探討,并分析這些現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因及其對當時社會的影響。 徽州地區(qū)的喪葬習(xí)俗基本上仍遵循古代儒家的禮制。同時,由于禮制總是為政治服務(wù)的,這又決定了它必然反映當時政治領(lǐng)域的狀況。喪葬習(xí)俗隨著社會的發(fā)展,以及由此而來的經(jīng)濟、政治等方面的變化,加上來文化的滲透,其操作形態(tài)雖有損益變化,但精神實質(zhì)與文化內(nèi)核卻大多維持原狀。喪葬習(xí)俗所固有的穩(wěn)定性、保守性以及內(nèi)向性等特質(zhì)使其包含著的原始思維、心理意識及多種原始文化形式通過喪葬禮儀這一特殊傳承方式得以承襲�？梢哉f它是“活態(tài)”的原始文化。對我們研究中國古代社會生活有著重大歷史價值。
[Abstract]:Funeral is regarded as one of the most important rituals in ancient Chinese society.The original purpose of funeral was to bury the dead. After many years of evolution, it became an external manifestation of the living to express their mourning and remembrance of the deceased, so it was an important part of the social life of ancient China.At the same time, it is also one of the important social activities focused by the government and civil society.The historical development of funeral rites and customs in China has always run through the two main lines of filial piety and soul worship. Through the study of funeral in Huizhou, we can also find that it bears the blood relationship and the corresponding social relations under the patriarchal system.It can be seen that the funerary activities in various regions of different times are social reactions intertwined with political, economic, ideological and cultural states, which is helpful for us to study the history of that time in depth.This paper takes Huizhou local chronicles, Huizhou genealogy and Zhu Xi's Family Rites as the basic historical materials and texts of the study, and at the same time refers to the Huizhou documents, the Ming Zhou Wu Family Canon, the Dongyuan Literary Collection, the Taixin Collection, the Seasiness Tam of the matter and the she Ji, and so on.Through the text interpretation of these historical materials, the development and changes of funeral rites and customs in Huizhou area of Ming and Qing dynasties were combed.On the one hand, it discusses the historical inheritance and development of funeral customs, and restores the approximate procedure of funeral rites at that time by combining Zhu Xi's Family Rites with Huizhou local chronicles and genealogy of the Ming and Qing dynasties.It highlights the great influence of Zhu Xi's thought on the funeral customs in Huizhou.On the other hand, this paper discusses some regional features of funeral rites and customs in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and analyzes the causes of these phenomena and their influence on the society at that time.The funeral custom in Huizhou area basically still obeys the ritual system of ancient Confucianism.At the same time, the ritual system always serves politics, which determines that it must reflect the political situation at that time.With the development of society, the changes of economy and politics, and the infiltration of culture, the operation forms of funeral customs are changed, but the essence of spirit and culture are kept as they are.The inherent stability, conservatism and introversion of funeral customs make it possible to inherit the original thinking, psychological consciousness and various forms of primitive culture through the special inheritance of funeral etiquette.It can be said that it is a "living" primitive culture.It is of great historical value for us to study the social life of ancient China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K248;K892.22

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