本文關鍵詞： 延邊朝鮮族 人口問題 人口負增長 人口轉(zhuǎn)變　出處：《中央民族大學》2009年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 全球化時代,延邊朝鮮族人口發(fā)展出現(xiàn)了既不同于西方發(fā)達國家又有別于中國其他民族的變化,即作為發(fā)展中國家邊疆少數(shù)民族,延邊朝鮮族人口生育率不斷下降,并出現(xiàn)人口負增長。迄今為止,對延邊朝鮮族人口問題的研究多采用人口學的視角,僅呈現(xiàn)了人口發(fā)展問題的客觀現(xiàn)狀,難以全面揭示引發(fā)問題的社會根源和文化因素。 本文將人口發(fā)展問題置于社會變遷、民族文化傳統(tǒng)以及族群生活方式等多方聯(lián)系與互動中,嘗試以民族學、人類學的視角進行人口問題研究。將延邊朝鮮族人口問題與文化變遷理論相結(jié)合,通過民族學傳統(tǒng)的田野調(diào)查與深入訪談,闡釋蘊藏于人口生育行為背后的深層民族文化因素。同時,通過相關文獻梳理,揭示延邊朝鮮族人口發(fā)展變化的規(guī)律和趨勢,從而對延邊朝鮮族人口問題的解決途徑做一些粗淺探討,為今后國家和地方政府制定相關政策提供依據(jù)和參考。 論文包括緒論、正文、結(jié)論三個部分。緒論部分主要介紹國內(nèi)外相關研究動態(tài)及本研究的目的、意義和研究方法等。正文分為五章。第一章,回顧和梳理了1949年以前延邊朝鮮移民的遷入史以及移民人口的發(fā)展概況。第二章,論述了1949-1990年延邊朝鮮族人口發(fā)展狀況及人口發(fā)展特點。第三章,依據(jù)田野調(diào)查資料,揭示出20世紀90年代以來延邊朝鮮族人口發(fā)展的新特點——人口負增長,并對這一特點的產(chǎn)生及性質(zhì)進行闡釋。第四章,運用民族學、人類學文化分析的相關理論,從四個方面探析了延邊朝鮮族人口負增長的原因。第五章,論述了延邊朝鮮族人口負增長所引發(fā)的社會影響。 結(jié)語部分對全文進行了總結(jié): 第一,延邊朝鮮族人口負增長是人口自然負增長,是長期以來民族人口轉(zhuǎn)變的必然趨勢。此次人口負增長不是因戰(zhàn)爭、災害、遷移等社會因素所導致的非自然減少,而是由人口出生和死亡所致的自然絕對負增長。由于人口慣性及人口生育觀念的徹底轉(zhuǎn)變,人口負增長現(xiàn)象還將持續(xù)下去。所有這些特征充分表明,延邊朝鮮族人口發(fā)展符合人口轉(zhuǎn)變的特點,是長期以來民族人口轉(zhuǎn)變的必然趨勢。 第二,長期以來,國家計劃生育政策和朝鮮族重視教育的文化傳統(tǒng)使人們的生育意愿發(fā)生徹底轉(zhuǎn)變。同時,20世紀90年代以來伴隨全球化出現(xiàn)的大規(guī)模人口流動和婚姻家庭生活變遷在客觀上抑制了人口的生育行為,最終導致延邊朝鮮族人口負增長。 第三,延邊朝鮮族人口負增長既有其積極的社會影響,也有其不容忽視的潛在危機。一方面,延邊朝鮮族人口負增長減輕了區(qū)域社會的人口撫養(yǎng)負擔,人民群眾生活得到巨大改善,人口的文化素質(zhì)趨向全面提升;另一方面,持續(xù)長久的人口負增長也使延邊朝鮮族社會在民族人口延續(xù)、民族文化傳承以及區(qū)域經(jīng)濟、政治生活等方面發(fā)生了一系列的變化。 第四,延邊朝鮮族人口發(fā)展進程充分表明,人口的生育行為雖然是一種生物現(xiàn)象,卻始終受制于社會經(jīng)濟文化的發(fā)展水平,人口發(fā)展與社會文化變遷密不可分。不同于生物的自然繁衍,人口發(fā)展始終是人口對所處的社會文化環(huán)境不斷調(diào)適的結(jié)果,人口再生產(chǎn)具有濃厚的文化色彩。 通過對延邊朝鮮族人口發(fā)展問題的深入研究,表明人口生育率下降并不依賴于經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的速度,人口生育率的下降會受到工業(yè)化發(fā)展的影響,但它與工業(yè)化實現(xiàn)并不必然同步,甚至可能會先于工業(yè)化實現(xiàn)。人口轉(zhuǎn)變還在一定程度上與社會文化發(fā)展密切相關,社會文化變遷制約并影響了人口發(fā)展。本研究結(jié)論,無疑在一定程度上補充、完善了人口轉(zhuǎn)變理論。
[Abstract]:The era of globalization, Yanbian Korean population development is different from the western developed country and changes different from other ethnic groups Chinese, as developing frontier minority, Yanbian Korean population growth rate is declining, and the emergence of negative population growth. So far, the research on the Yanbian Korean population studied from demography perspective only, presents the present situation of population development, it is difficult to fully reveal the social and cultural factors which caused the problem.
The problems in the social development of population, multi link and interaction between national traditional culture and ethnic life style, try to study the population problem of ethnology, anthropology perspective. The Yanbian Korean population and cultural change theory, the traditional ethnology through field investigation and in-depth interview, deep cultural factors are explained behind the population birth behavior. At the same time, through the relevant literature review, to reveal the rules and trends of Yanbian Korean population change and development of Yanbian Korean population problem solving way to do some superficial study, provide the basis and reference for the country and the local government to formulate relevant policies.
The paper consists of introduction, text, conclusion of three parts. The introduction part mainly introduces the relevant research trends at home and abroad and the research purpose, significance and research methods. The text is divided into five chapters. The first chapter reviews before 1949 Yanbian Korean immigration history and immigrant population development. The second chapter discusses the characteristics of the development of 1949-1990 years of development in Yanbian Korean population and population. In the third chapter, on the basis of field investigation, revealed that since 1990s Yanbian Korean population development new features -- negative population growth, and the nature of the characteristics of interpretation. The fourth chapter, using the related theory of anthropology ethnology, cultural analysis. From the four aspects of the Korean population growth in Yanbian. The fifth chapter discusses the social impact caused by the negative growth of Yanbian Korean population.
The concluding part summarizes the full text:
First, the negative growth of Yanbian Korean population is the natural negative growth, is the inevitable trend of the national population transformation for a long time. The negative growth population is not caused by war, disaster, migration and social factors such as non natural decrease, but by the birth and death caused by natural absolute negative growth due to changing population inertia and the fertility concept, negative population growth will continue. All of these features indicate that the Yanbian Korean population development in line with the characteristics of population change, is to change the ethnic population has long been the inevitable trend.
Second, for a long time, the national family planning policy and the Korean traditional culture makes people pay more attention to the education of the fertility desire of the complete change. At the same time, since 1990s with the emergence of globalization large-scale population flow and changes in marriage and family life has restrained the growth behavior of the population, resulting in a negative growth of Yanbian Korean population.
Third, the negative growth of Yanbian Korean population both have positive social impact, also have the potential crisis can not be ignored. On the one hand, the negative growth of Yanbian Korean population reducing regional social population dependency burden, people's life greatly improved, people tend to enhance the cultural quality; on the other hand, continued for a long time the negative population growth also makes Yanbian Korean society continues in the national population, the national cultural heritage and regional economy, a series of changes in political life.
Fourth, the development process of Yanbian Korean population showed that the population reproductive behavior is a biological phenomenon, the level of development has always been constrained by the social economy and culture, is closely related to population development and social and cultural changes. Natural reproduction is different from biology, population development is always the population on the social and cultural environment of continuous adjustment results the population reproduction, with a strong cultural color.
Through in-depth study of the problem of Yanbian Korean population development, population decline in the fertility rate that does not depend on the speed of economic development, population decline in the fertility rate will be affected by the development of industrialization and industrialization, but it does not necessarily achieve synchronization, and may even before industrialization. Population transformation is closely related to a certain extent and the development of social culture, social culture vicissitude restricted and influenced the population development. The conclusion of this research is to a certain extent, improve the demographic transition theory.

【學位授予單位】：中央民族大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：C924.2;C95

【引證文獻】

相關期刊論文 前1條

1 姜瑩瑩;;延邊朝鮮族的發(fā)展問題及對策[J];民族論壇;2012年04期

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1 徐芳;中國朝鮮族流動人口社會適應研究[D];中央民族大學;2013年

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6 姜善;論延邊州朝鮮族農(nóng)村婦女跨國流動問題[D];延邊大學;2012年

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本文編號：1547425